CC BY
11
UDK: 591.8: 504
DOI 10.53065/kaznmu.2021.66.57.039
1 2 Z.B. Yessimsiitova,1, 2 N.T. Ablaikhanova, 3 Zh.M. Bazarbayeva, 1 G.A. Yestemirova, 4 Z. Beken, 4 A.S. Kozhamzharova, 1 A. Mukhitdinov
¡al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 2LLPSPTC "Zhalyn", Almaty 3L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 4 Asfendiyarov Kazakh national medical university, Almaty assel kozhamzharova@mail.ru info@kaznmu.kz info@kaznu.kz
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF PLANT HERBS ON HISTOSTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE
RAT'S BODY
Resume. One of the promising directions in the development of future pharmacology is the search for new methods of updating the mechanisms of self-regulation of the body, expanding its functional capabilities. The use of medicinal herbs as a non-drug means of correcting the increase of its functional capabilities in violation of the physiological functions of the human body is becoming more and more widespread. The article shows that a medicinal composite made from plant and animal raw materials has a low dose of expansion of the airways, increasing blood oxygen saturation, increasing the tone and resistance of peripheral vessels, contributing to the centralization of blood circulation, and with regular inhalation of the smell of high doses of incense, there is a high probability of a violation of sides of the respiratory, cardiovascular and nervous systems. It was revealed that under conditions of acute intoxication under the influence of aromatic substances in the body of animals there are changes of a different nature. Therefore, herbal aromatic substances can be considered as universal prophylactic substances that have a number of advantages over other prophylactic agents.
Key words: medicinal composite, necrosis, destruction, intoxication, lung.
Relevance of the topic. Today, with the development of civilization, humanity has faced such problems as stress, depression, poor nutrition and many toxic effects. Therefore, it is not uncommon to find such health problems as obesity, chronic diseases, disorders of the respiratory, cardiovascular and nervous systems. Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine that uses vegetable oils, herbal extracts and concentrates to treat diseases, which are obtained from tiny glands in the petals, leaves, stems, wood and bark of various plants. For the extraction of essential oils and other extractive substances, the process of distillation is used, extraction using alcohol and water extraction. After that, the resulting substance is evaporated from plants, and after cooling, it is divided into water and highly concentrated essential oil. Extractive substances used in aromatherapy, including essential oil, have a specific aroma and have effective healing properties. In oriental medicine, whole philosophical teachings were created around the plant world, plants were elevated to the rank of sacred. It was believed that herbal treatment is a sacred ritual, which can only be performed by a person who is morally and psychologically prepared. Anthropologists believe that primitive "aromatherapy" began with the burning of the resinous secretions of incense. Over time, plants rich in aromatic substances began to be mixed with animal and vegetable oils to lubricate the body during ritual ceremonies. Aromatherapy can affect the psychological and physical health of a person [1-5]. Specialists in the field of aromatherapy practice the treatment of incense for many diseases. Aromas quickly penetrate into the circulatory system, thereby actively affecting problem areas of the body. Smells allow you to balance the internal processes of a person, increasing the level of resistance to toxic substances. More recently, experts have begun to actively state the negative effects of incense sticks on human health. According to their theory, there is a high likelihood of lung cancer with regular inhalation of the scent of
incense. Such concerns are due to the composition of the rod, which includes carcinogens of the following type: benzene, poly-aromatic hydrocarbons, carbonyl compounds [6-10].
Particular attention was paid to the immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties of essential oils. Aromatic prophylaxis expands the adaptive capabilities of a person, is one of the ways to improve health and increase the body's resistance to the effects of adverse environmental factors. Inhalation is a very effective way of using the specific properties of aromatic oils. Once in the bronchi and lungs, they increase bronchial secretion, a protective reaction, which has a positive effect on the treatment of many respiratory diseases. When taken into the respiratory tract, aromatic oils are absorbed into the bloodstream even faster than when taken orally. For diseases of the bronchopulmonary system, lavender essential oil helps. Studies have shown that lavender oil helps to increase tidal volume and lung capacity, maximize lung ventilation. Due to aromatic substances in plants, in summer the concentration of biologically active components in the air is very high and viruses have no place here. But as soon as the plants go into hibernation, the "mister virus" comes into its own. And the life rhythm of a modern person contributes to this entirely. A modern person, on average, spends up to 80% of his life indoors, and many - up to 90%. People who work in production spend eight hours or more in rooms where the concentration in the air of harmful substances generated during the production process is greatly increased. In such cases, it is advisable to use plant aromas. The effect of aromatherapy on the body directly depends on the method of using essential oils, as well as the individual tolerance of the patient [11-15].
Consequently, the analysis of literature data indicates the possibility of changing various characteristics of the human body under the influence of aromatic substances. At the same time, the physiological effects and mechanisms
of the influence of odors on the morphofunctional state of organs are poorly understood, and in the use of aromatherapy there is still no scientific justification for the choice of the type of aromatic substance, its concentration, duration and goals of exposure, as well as taking into account the characteristics of a person's biological individuality. In connection with the above, our article shows the results of studying the effect of a composition from plant and animal raw materials on histomrphological changes in the body of rats under conditions of toxic inoculation.
Materials and methods. The experimental study was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of evolutionary and ecological morphology of the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. The experiment involved 40 white outbred male rats weighing 180-220 grams three months of age. The experiment was carried out in one stage, while the experimental animals were divided into 4 groups of 10 rats each. Experimental animals were exposed to smoke for 5 minutes in a priming chamber. Control group - intact animals, daily stay for 5 minutes in the seed chamber with no seed smoke. The duration of each experiment was 21 days.
Studies on the study of metabolic processes in the body of animals exposed to chronic inoculation with a medicinal composite of two species of medicinal dandelion plants (lat.Taraxacum officinale), which has bactericidal, anti-inflammatory properties, and licorice root (Glycyrrihizae radicis), contributing to an expectorant, enveloping effect diseases of the upper respiratory tract in various doses with increasing concentration. This plant has a peculiar aromatic odor that determines the content of flavonoids. Dandelion leaves contain taraxanthin, flavoxanthin, vitamins C, A, B2, E, PP, choline, saponins, resins, manganese, iron, calcium, phosphorus salts, up to 5% protein, which makes them nutritious. Roots and rhizomes of licorice - licorice root are rich in glycyrrhizin (up to 23%), a steroid saponin that has a structural similarity to steroid hormones and has antiviral, immunomodulatory, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory properties [18-22]. Five,
-ВЕСТНИК КАЗНМУ #2-2021 -
twice, animals were placed in the seed chamber. Smoke was carried out for 5 minutes by burning 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg of a medicinal composite from plant and animal raw materials. The experimental rats underwent the procedure once a day. After the end of each 5-minute session, the animals were removed from the priming chamber and kept in the sanitary conditions of the vivarium. Decapitation of animals was carried out using anesthesia at a strictly fixed time - between 9 and 11 am. The object of histological study was the main populations of lung cells. To prepare histological preparations after the slaughter of the animal, the organs were placed in 10% buffered formalin to fix the intravital tissue structure. Sections were made on an MC-2 microtome with a thickness of 5 |im. After the preparation of the preparations, for further research, the obtained section was stained with the survey dyes hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopy was carried out using a MicroOptix MX 300 microscope. The obtained photographs were processed on a Pentium 4 computer. The use of animals in the experiment was carried out in compliance with the rules and regulations regulated by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the international recommendations of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for experiments for scientific or other purposes. When analyzing the structure of the lungs, the diameters of the alveoli and vessels of the organ were calculated. The obtained numerical data of micrometric indicators were subjected to statistical processing using computer programs "Microsoft Excel" and ImageJ.
Results and discussion: In the lungs of the control group, microscopic examination shows a rupture of the wall of some alveolar sacs of peribronchial edema, accompanied by peribronchial leukocytic infiltration with the presence of leukocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils (Figure 1). In the vessels, blood stasis and a slight proliferation of connective tissue around the vessels are noted. The average diameter of the alveolar lumen was 24.78 ± 0.091 nm. The average diameter of the vessels was 19.8 ± 0.55 nm.
Figure 1 - Leukocyte infiltration. The
In the lungs of the second group of rats, hemorrhage in the interalveolar septa was observed. In the vessels, there is stagnation of blood, accompanied by uneven blood filling of the vessels (Figure 2). The wall of the bronchi was lined
ng is hematoxylin and eosin. x 100
with multi-row ciliated epithelium, there were areas of peribronchial lymphoid eosinophilic infiltration (Figure 3). The average diameter of the lumen of the alveoli was
9.46 ± 0.019 nm. The average diameter of the vessels was 7.3 ± 0.53 nm.
Figure 2 - Hemorrhage in the interalveolar septa. The staining is hematoxylin and eosin. X 200
Microscopic examination of the lungs of rats of the third group showed a change in the structure of the organ due to perivascular lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, as well as uneven plethora of blood vessels (Figure 4). The bronchioles of the organ are lined with ciliated epithelium;
Figure 3 - Bronchiole with areas of lymphoid infiltration. The staining is hematoxylin and eosin. X 200
peribronchial lymphoplasmacytic infiltration is noted. In the stroma of the organ, there are areas of distelectasis, as well as perivascular weak eosinophilic infiltration. The average diameter of the alveolar lumen was 6.9 ± 0.07 nm. The average diameter of the vessels was 4.3 ± 0.39 nm.
Figure 4 - Uneven plethora of blood vessels, accompanied by Figure 5 - Expansion of the vessel wall with deformation. perivascular infiltration. The staining is hematoxylin and Sclerotherapy of the central veins. The staining is eosin. x100__hematoxylin and eosin. x100_
In the lungs of the fourth group of animals receiving a dose of 30 mg of the composite, uneven plethora was observed in the vessels. In the stroma of the organ, there was an expansion of the wall and deformation of the vessels, as well as hardening of the central veins. Expansion of the perivascular space was observed (Figure 5). The wall of the bronchi is lined with multi-row ciliated epithelium. In the lumen of the bronchi, desquamation of the epithelium occurs, peribronchial and perivascular inflammation is noted. In the stroma of the organ, focal areas of dys- and atelectasis were noted. The average diameter of the
alveolar lumen was 6.1 ± 0.068 nm. The average diameter of the vessels was 3.10 ± 0.86 nm.
Thus, in rats exposed to composite poisoning at a dose of 10 mg in the lungs, hemorrhage in the interalveolar septa is visible, and after the application of 20 mg of the composite, blood filling of the vessels was observed, as well as foci of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, after poisoning with a dose of 30 mg of the lungs, deformation and sclerosis of the vessels was found. small areas of atelectasis were noted.
Table 1 - Results of statistical processing of rat lungs
Alveolar lumen diameter, Vessel diameter, (at p <0.05), nm (at p <0.05), nm
Control 24,/8±0,09i 19,8±0,55
10 mg 9,46±0,019 7,3±0,53
20 mg 6,9±0,07 4,3±0,39
1 1
30 mg 6,1±0,068 3,10±0,86
Based on the morphometric parameters in the lungs, it can be noted that the use of the composite in rats decreases the diameter of the lumen of the alveoli and vessels. Conclusion. Minor changes in the structure of the lung in a chronic experiment with the introduction of the component in doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg were focal in nature. Chronic poisoning with composite smoke in the experiment does not cause any special destructive changes in the organs of rats studied. There is a slight partial plethora of blood vessels, mild edema of the stroma, hemorrhage in the interalveolar septa. The composite from plant and animal raw materials in doses of lower concentration is non-toxic 10.20 mg compared to 30. It was observed that the composite from plant and animal raw
materials has targeted physiological and biochemical properties, increases the adaptive capabilities of the body under conditions of endo- and exogenous stresses to improve the body's resistance to adverse factors in everyday life and the environment in the form of relaxation. By modifying the ecological situation, essential oils prevent microorganisms from creating their own defense mechanisms and adapting to an aggressive agent. Plant aromatic substances, being natural components of the atmosphere, are necessary for normal life on the one hand, and on the other hand, their enrichment of the natural or artificial human habitat allows you to influence certain functional systems with a preventive or therapeutic purpose.
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Тушн. Фармакология болашагын дамытудагы багыттардыц бiрi-аFзаныц e3m-e3i реттеу тетктерн жацартудыц, оныц функционалдыц мумктдктерш кецейтудщ жаца эдктерт iздеу. Дэршк шenтердi адам агзасыныц физиологиялыц функциялары бузылган жагдайда оныц функционалды мумктдктерш жогарылатуды тузету ушт дэршк емес цурал реттде цолдану барган сайын кец етек алуда. Мацалада еамдктер мен жануарлар шиюзатынан жасалган дэршк композиттц тыныс алу жолдарыныц кецеюнц темен дозасы бар, цанныц оттегiмен цаныгуын жогарылатады, перифериялыц тамырлардыц тонусымен царсылыгын арттырады, цан айналымын орталыцтандыруга ыцпал етеду Ал
ладан хош шсшщ улкен дозаларыныц uícíh yHeMÍ деммен жуту кезтде тыныс алу, журек-тамыр жэне жуйке жуйелертщ бузылуынъщ жогары ыцтималдыгы бар. Жануарлардыц денестде хош uicmi заттардыц эсершен еткр интоксикация жагдайында эртyрлi сипаттагы езгерктер болатыны аныцталды. Сондыцтан шептесшхош m^iзаттарды басца профилактикалыц заттарга Караганда бiрцатар артыцшылыцтары бар эмбебап профилактикалыц заттар ретшде царастыруга болады.
Tyümdi свздер: дэршк композит, некроз, деструкция, интоксикация, екпе.
1-2 З.Б. Есимсиитова, 1-2 Н.Т. Аблайханова, 3 Ж.М. Базарбаева, 1 Г.А. Естемирова, 4 З. Бекен, 4 А.С. Кожамжарова, 1 А. Мухитдинов
1Казахский Национальный университет им. аль-Фараби, Алматы 2Научно-производственный технический центр «Жалын», Алматы 3Евразийский Национальный университет имени Л.Н.Гумилева, Нур-Султан 4Казахский Национальный медицинский университет имени С.Д.Асфендиярова, Алматы
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ТРАВ НА ГИСТОСТРУКТУРНЫЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В ОРГАНИЗМЕ КРЫС
Резюме. Одним из перспективных направлений в развитии фармакологии будущего является поиск новых методов обновления механизмов саморегуляции организма, расширения его функциональных возможностей. Применение лекарственных трав в качестве немедикаментозного средства коррекции повышения его функциональных возможностей при нарушении физиологических функций организма человека приобретает все большее распространение. В статье показано, что лекарственный композит, изготовленный из растительного и животного сырья, обладает низкой дозой расширения дыхательных путей, повышая насыщение крови кислородом, повышая тонус и сопротивление периферических
сосудов, способствуя централизации кровообращения, а при регулярном вдыхании запаха больших доз ладана существует высокая вероятность нарушения функций дыхательной, сердечно-сосудистой и нервной систем. Выявлено, что в условиях острой интоксикации под воздействием ароматических веществ в организме животных происходят изменения различного характера. Поэтому травяные ароматические вещества можно рассматривать как универсальные профилактические вещества, обладающие рядом преимуществ перед другими профилактическими средствами.
Ключевые слова: лекарственный композит, некроз, деструкция, интоксикация, легкое.
