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УДК: 10.01.01
Mahkmatkulov Kh.M. associate professor TRChSPI
MORAL INTERFERENCE IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK
LANGUAGES
Annotation. This article deals with the types of interference, the origin of interference, the content, and the meaning of interference in the language usage and learning.
Key words. interference, positive and negative transference, conscious and unconscious transfer, language, moral, difficulties.
Definition. In research on second language acquisition and language contact, the term interference refers to the influence of one language (or variety) on another in the speech of buildings who use both languages.
Language interference (also known as L 1 interference, linguistic interference, cross-linguistic interference or transfer) is the effect of language learners' first language on their production of the language they are learning. The effect can be on any aspect of language: grammar, vocabulary, accent, spelling and so on. It is most often discussed as a source of errors (negative transfer) although where the relevant feature of both languages is the same. It results in correct language production (positive transfer). The greater the differences between the two languages, the more the negative effect of interference are likely to be. Interference is most commonly discussed in the context of language teaching. But it will inevitably occur in any situation where someone has an imperfect command of a second language. Interference -noun/inter-fer-ence /in-t-(r)-fir-an(t)s/.- involvement in the activities and concerns of other people when your involvement is not wanted: the act of interfering.- additional signals that weaken or block the main signal in a radio or television broadcast.- the disturbing effect or new learning on the performance of previously learned behavior with which it is inconsistent- not always acting or behaving in the same way.- not continuing to happen or develop in the same way.- having parts that disagree with each other.- not in agreement with something. Full definition. - lacking consistence: such as a: not compatible with another factor claim. - inconsistent statement. b: containing incompatible elements-an inconsistent argument. c: incoherent or illogical in thought or actions: changeable. d: not satisfiable by the same set of values for the unknowns- inconsistent equations. Examples- we had to put up with loud noise and constant interference from the neighbors. - interference in the affairs of another nation. - trying to avoid governmental interference. First known use-1783.
The problem of language interference being a process which regards the mastering of a second language, appeared as result of transference of speech skills from one contact language into another (from the native language into the second one), has concerned researchers for decades.
Interference, once appeared in linguistics, when a foreign language began to be taught in different schools, educational establishments, later. Every teacher knows that English language in Europe began to develop earlier at the beginning of its middle formation. At that time England began to export its goods of human usage life style. For the sake of Normans.
England began to export its goods to many countries. People of the world did not know English well, and could not communicate with them. That's why teaching English became important. They began to teach English in different countries all over the world. Teaching process and learning this English was not easy, because the more different languages, the more difficulties. English belongs to the Indo - European languages family, another language belonged into other language family. Every language has its own grammar, vocabulary, accents and other language peculiarities. These peculiarities and differences formed the difficulties of learning and teaching of this English language. English teachers had to find ways of teaching, methods of teaching. because of their language belonged into other language family. While teaching they found some difficulties which made the English teachers to investigate the useful ways and methods to overcome language differences. One language phenomenon interfered another languages learning. From that time English teachers began to use "interference" as one of the phenomena which make difficulties to learn the English language. The term interference began to be used in language learning. This phenomenon has a direct influence on the success of an individual mastery of a foreign language and its use- involving both receptive and productive types of speech activities.
Interference resulting from the negative impact of one language on another covers all linguistic levels of the language being studied. Including lexical interference, which leads to deviations from the language form and numerous lexical errors of students. Linguists and methodologists are trying to find ways to reduce the interference of the language being studied at the lexical level in order to optimize the process of mastering a foreign language and minimize lexical errors of students. The purpose of the correct study is to investigate the ways to overcome intra-language and inter-language lexical interference in junior courses of the language learning and to verity the validity of these methods in the course of a particular experiment. Experiments are usually useful in coming to a definite conclusion in teaching process.
As it has been mentioned above that there are many types of interferences in learning language usage- oral and written speech. They all need to be investigated on all language levels. Taking into account that in our previous articles we tried to give accent interference in some ways, within this article
we'd like to describe some of the lexical interference in language learning -language 1 and language 2.
Before describing lexical interference, we have to make clear the content of the lexical interference. If we put a question what is lexical interference? Then, we have gone to back to make clear what is lexis? These questions are interconnected in meanings. But the description may be a little different.
So, lexical interference- under lexical interference are primarily meant "all the changes, provoked by the cross- language links in the lexical inventory composition, as well as in functions and usages of the lexical-semantic units in their semantic structure". The word lexis means the choice of lexis, e, g, jargon (specialist terms) dialect, slang, colloquialisms, swearing, taboo terms, cliches, euphemisms, dysphemism, archaisms (delibetate use of old- fashioned terms). This is or these are descriptions of some scholars, but there are branches in human language speech. They may be different. In this art icle we'd like to tach upon one word, which is very important in human lives - this is morality, moral interference. We know that the word "moral" and its meaning in various countries, groups of people, tribes, culture, ways of life is different. In cross-culture these differences are also different and effects very much in human language expression and life style. The word "moral" as we tried to give its meaning the following descriptions are useful to understand the meaning and the content of this word" moral". Moral-adjective / mor-al / mor-al, mar/. -concerning or relating to what is right and wrong in human behavior; - based on what you think is right and good; - considering right and good by most people: agreeing with a standard of right behavior. Definition. 1 a: of or relating to principles of right and wrong in behavior: Ethical - moral judgments; b: expressing or teaching a conception of right behavior- a moral poem. C: conforming to a standard of right behavior-took a moral position on the issue though it cost him the nomination; d: sanctioned by or operative on one's conscience or ethical judgment- a moral obligation: e: capable of right and wrong action- a moral agent.
2. Probable though not proved: virtual- a moral certainty. 3: perceptual or psychological rather than tangible or practical in nature or effect-a moral victory-moral support, etc. If to continue we can find and describe different branches of moral nation-factor or explanation in real human life style.
If an individual has a moral right, then it is morally wrong to interfere with that right even if large member of people would benefit from many moral controversies today are couched in the language of right. Indeed, we seem to have witnessed an exposition of appeals to right-gay right, prisoners' right, animal rights, smokers' rights and employee rights. The appeal to rights has a long tradition.
The republic of Uzbekistan has its own human rights. A few words about 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Uzbekistan. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and labor. Executive Summary.
Uzbekistan is a constitutional republic with a political system dominated by the President and his supporters. But, Human Rights in Uzbekistan have been described as "abysmal" by Human Rights watch, and the country has received criticism from the UK and the US for alleged arbitrary arrests, religious persecution and torture employed by the government on a regional and national level. Anyone who lives in Uzbekistan knows and feels haw Human Rights work for ordinary people. If to compare the life style of the two countries, feel how the differences are uncomparable. So, moral rights and Human Rights in two contacting countries, the low is different. The people of the US, UK and other countries feel themselves protected from all kind of pressure, breakage of Human Rights and every branches of all human life style. We pray for the God and believe that Uzbek people also will live a better life in future. Thus, interference exists in every field of human life st yle. The teachers' tasks are to assure our younger generation to believe our future happiness and democracy.
To sum up all abovementioned arguments and facts about interference, that we see how this language phenomenon is so important to be taught and to be learnt by pupils and students of our educational establishments.
The teachers' tasks are to show the differences and similarity, consigns and unconscious effects of languages being studied and learned in life. The facts which show the interference in order to make clear and to eliminate errors in the students oral and written speech. (to be continued).
References:
1. "Method". Merriam- Webster.com.
2. Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www Merriam. Webster.com/dictionary/method.
3. March 2020 International Journal of English linguistics 10(2)392 D 0I 10.5534/ijel, v10n2D392 Kamola Avador Gafarova.
4. The morality of interference April 1999. Theoria 65(1)55-69 Doi 10.IIII/I,1755-2567 1999,TB 04 114.X Christian Monthe.
5. Makhmatkulov Kh. M. and others. Interference in the English- Uzbek languages on the syntactical level. Proceedings International scientific -practical conference "II Yunusov Readings: Modernization of the Great Steppe values as a key factor in the development of science and education" Shimkent, 2019. Pp 440-443
