CC BY
0УДК 62-7
Balabanov A.
Master
Nanjing University of Science and Technology (Nanjing, China)
MODERN COMMUNICATION STANDARD USAGE FOR ELEVATOR HEALTH MONITORING IMPROVEMENT
Abstract: Elevator systems have been widely used in high-rise buildings for vertical transportation. However, these systems are prone to malfunctions that can lead to catastrophic accidents, especially when the maintenance needs are not met. To prevent these drawbacks, elevator health monitoring is essential for ensuring the continuous working of elevators and ensuring the safety ofpassengers.
Keywords: Elevator health monitoring, modern communication standards, reliability, safety, efficiency.
1. Introduction
Elevator systems are ubiquitous in modern tall buildings, and the world's tallest buildings would not exist without them. They play a crucial role in the vertical transportation of people and goods in buildings, and their importance has only increased with the construction of high-rise buildings. Nevertheless, elevator systems often malfunction, leading to breakdowns and accidents that can cause injuries, fatalities, and significant property damages. For this reason, elevator systems require health monitoring to ensure that they remain in good working order.
Elevator health monitoring is the process of checking elevator systems for any faults, potential breakdowns, or malfunctions that could cause accidents or delays. Failure to adequately maintain elevator systems may cause significant hazards such as
the complete breakdown of elevators, leading to passenger entrapment, injuries, fatalities, and potential lawsuits.
The significant importance of elevator systems, and the fact that they are subject to functional deficiencies, necessitates the use of comprehensive health monitoring strategies. Therefore, modern communication standards are essential requirements for ensuring the continuous and seamless operation of elevator systems, protecting people and materials, and safeguarding the building's reputation.
This paper aims to analyze the significance of modern communication standards for elevator health monitoring to enhance their reliability and efficiency.
2. Modern standard of communication Modern communication standards are revolutionizing the way elevators are monitored and maintained. With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), elevators can now be equipped with sensors and connected to the internet, allowing for real-time monitoring of elevator health and performance. This can help detect potential malfunctions before they occur, preventing downtime and ensuring safe operation.
Some of the modern communication standards that are being used for elevator health monitoring include:
• MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport): This is a lightweight, publish-subscribe protocol that is ideal for IoT applications. It is designed to be efficient, reliable, and scalable, making it well-suited for elevator health monitoring [1].
• OPC UA (Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture): This is a vendor-neutral, cross-platform communication standard that is widely used in industrial automation and control systems. It allows for secure, reliable communication between different devices and systems, making it well-suited for elevator health monitoring [2].
• RESTful APIs (Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces): This is a set of architectural principles that can be used to create web
services that are easy to use and scalable. It is well-suited for elevator health monitoring applications that require real-time data access and analysis [3].
Modern communication standards allow elevator systems to be monitored remotely, allowing for efficient and effective maintenance. Elevator systems can be equipped with sensors that collect data on various components of the elevator, such as the motor, brakes, cables, doors, and control systems. This data can then be transmitted to a central server, where it can be analyzed and used to identify potential malfunctions
[4].
In addition to remote monitoring, modern communication standards also allow for predictive maintenance. By analyzing data trends and patterns, elevator maintenance companies can predict when maintenance should be performed on a system, rather than waiting for a failure to occur. This approach can reduce downtime, increase system reliability, and extend the lifespan of elevator components.
Overall, modern communication standards are transforming elevator health monitoring. By enabling real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance, they are helping to ensure the safe operation of elevator systems and improve passenger experience [5].
3. Steps and benefits
3.1 The implementation of modern communication
Modern communication standards for elevator health monitoring typically involves the following steps:
• Sensor installation: some of the common types of sensors such as Vibration Sensors- detect anomalies in the motor or gearbox vibrations; Wear Sensors - assess the wear and tear on the brake pads; Load Sensors - monitor the tension and load on the cables to detect if the elevator is overloaded. The sensor is installed on various components of the elevator system, such as the motor, brakes, cables, doors, and control systems. These sensors collect data on the performance and health of the elevator system [6].
• Data collection: The data collected by the sensors is transmitted to a central server for analysis. This can be done using a variety of communication standards such as MQTT, OPC UA, or RESTful APIs [7].
• Data analysis: The data collected by the sensors is analyzed using data analytics tools to identify potential malfunctions and trends in elevator performance. Sensors can collect data for real-time analysis in such system like vibration and temperature; load and usage pattern; door operation and alignment monitoring. This can be done in real-time or periodically, depending on the needs of the elevator maintenance company [8].
• Predictive maintenance: Based on the data analysis method to anticipate and prevent failures before they occur. The predictive method for monitoring can be machine learning algorithm and time series analysis. Machine learning algorithms can analysis historical and real-time data collected from sensors on various elevator components. Time series analysis involves examining data points collected over time to forecast future behavior. Base on collection data can predictive maintenance schedules can be created to address potential malfunctions before they occur. This can help reduce downtime and increase the reliability of the elevator system [9].
3.2 The implementation of modern communication Modern communication standards for elevator health monitoring offers several benefits, including:
• Improved safety: Real-time monitoring of elevator performance and health can help detect potential malfunctions before they occur, reducing the risk of accidents and improving passenger safety.
• Increased reliability: By detecting potential malfunctions before they occur, elevator maintenance companies can perform maintenance in a timely manner, reducing downtime and increasing the reliability of the elevator system.
• Cost savings: Predictive maintenance can help reduce the cost of maintenance by addressing potential malfunctions before they become major issues, reducing the need for expensive repairs.
• Enhanced passenger experience: Real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance can help ensure that elevator systems are operating at optimal levels, providing a smooth and efficient ride for passengers [10]..
Overall, the implementation of modern communication standards for elevator health monitoring is a valuable tool for elevator maintenance companies. By enabling real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and enhanced safety and reliability, modern communication standards can help ensure the safe and efficient operation of elevator systems [11].
4. Problems
Elevator health monitoring involves the continuous monitoring and analysis of elevator system components to detect any malfunctions or potential issues that may impact safe operation. It typically involves the use of sensors and monitoring equipment to gather data on various components of the elevator system, such as the motor, brakes, cables, doors, and control systems.
The components of an elevator system are designed to work together to ensure smooth and safe operation. However, malfunctions can occur due to various reasons such as wear and tear, incorrect installation, or lack of maintenance. These malfunctions can lead to potential risks to passengers and property. Therefore, it is important to regularly monitor and maintain elevator systems to ensure their safe operation [12].
4.1 Types
Common types of elevator malfunctions include:
• A. Electrical issues: These can occur due to problems with the motor, electrical wiring, or control systems. They can cause the elevator to stop working or malfunction.
• B. Mechanical issues: These can occur due to problems with the elevator's moving parts such as the cables, pulleys or brakes. They can cause the elevator to stop working, move too slowly, or even fall.
• C. Door issues: These can occur due to problems with the elevator doors such as faulty sensors, misaligned doors, or worn-out door components. They can cause the doors to open or close at the wrong time or get stuck [13].
4.2 Options how to fix it Regular elevator health monitoring can help detect potential malfunctions before they occur, preventing downtime and ensuring safe operation. Elevator maintenance companies often use specialized tools and equipment to monitor elevator systems, including the sensors like:
• Vibration analysis tools are essential for detecting imbalances, misalignments, and other mechanical issues. By analyzing vibration patterns can identify abnormalities that may indicate impending failures.
• Acoustic sensors are used to capture and analyze noise patterns from the elevator system. Unusual sounds in the acoustic signature can indicate problems such as mechanical wear or lubrication issues.
• Temperature sensors monitor of critical components, such as the motor, gearbox, and control panels. Overheating can be a sign of excessive friction, overloading, or electrical issues.
• Position and speed sensors are critical for precise control of the elevator cabin's movement within the shaft. They ensure that the elevator stops accurately at each floor and adheres to safe speed limits.
• Environmental sensors including humidity and dust sensors, these can monitor the conditions within the elevator shaft and machinery spaces to ensure that environmental factors do not impact the elevator's operation or accelerate wear on components.
• Door operation sensors include sensors that monitor the opening and closing speed of doors, detect obstructions, and ensure that doors are properly aligned. Ensuring smooth and safe door operation is crucial for passenger safety and comfort.
Elevator health monitoring systems, powered by IoT, are pivotal in predictive maintenance, offering insights into wear and tear and operating conditions. This technology-driven approach enhances reliability, reduces downtime, and prolongs component lifespan by enabling precise maintenance timing and resource-efficient practices. IoT's comprehensive monitoring transforms elevator maintenance into a more efficient, reliable, and user-centric service.
Overall, elevator health monitoring is crucial for ensuring the safe operation of elevator systems. Regular monitoring and maintenance can help detect potential malfunctions before they occur, preventing downtime and ensuring passenger safety
[14].
5. Technology trends
As technology continues to advance, elevator health monitoring is poised to undergo significant developments in the coming years. Some of the future developments in this field include:
• Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI in elevator health monitoring is increasingly being used to enhance predictive maintenance, improve safety, and optimize operational efficiency. By integrating AI technologies, such as machine learning algorithms and deep learning frameworks, with the Internet of Things (IoT), elevators can become smarter and more responsive to the needs of their users and maintenance teams. AI can be used to analyze large amounts of data collected from sensors installed in elevators. This can help identify patterns and trends in elevator performance.
• Machine Learning (ML): ML can be used to train algorithms to analyze elevator data and predict future performance. This can help improve the accuracy of predictive maintenance and reduce downtime [15].
• Blockchain: Blockchain technology can be used to securely store and manage elevator data, ensuring that it is accurate and tamper-proof [16].
• Augmented Reality (AR): AR can be used to provide maintenance technicians with real-time information about elevator components, such as wiring diagrams and maintenance schedules, improving the efficiency of maintenance [17].
• Cloud computing: Cloud computing can be used to store and analyze large amounts of data collected from elevators, making it easier to manage and analyze data from multiple elevators [18].
• 5G: The introduction of 5G networks will allow for faster and more reliable communication between elevator systems and monitoring systems. This can help improve the accuracy and efficiency of elevator health monitoring [19].
• Edge computing: Edge computing can be used to analyze data in real-time at the source, reducing the need for data to be transmitted to a central server for analysis [20].
• Wi-Fi 7: wi-fi 7 features will build upon, and elevate, earlier Wi-Fi generations. This will mean not only faster speeds, but dramatically improved responsiveness and reliability for immersive consumer experiences and sophisticated future technologies [21].
In addition to these technological advancements, there is also a growing trend towards the use of open standards for elevator health monitoring. This can help ensure that elevator systems from different manufacturers can be easily integrated and monitored using a common set of protocols and interfaces.
Overall, the future of elevator health monitoring is exciting and promising. By leveraging the latest advancements in technology, elevator maintenance companies can improve the safety, reliability, and efficiency of elevator systems, providing a better experience for passengers and reducing the costs associated with elevator maintenance.
6. Conclusion
This paper has discussed the importance of elevator health monitoring and the potential risks associated with elevator malfunctions. It has explored the advantages of using modern communication standards such as IoT, 5G, and AI in elevator health monitoring and how they can be used to collect real-time data on elevator performance and detect potential malfunctions before they occur. The challenges and potential solutions to implementing modern communication standards in existing elevator systems have also been discussed. The potential cost savings associated with implementing modern communication standards in elevator health monitoring are significant. It is recommended that building owners and managers consider implementing modern communication standards in their elevator systems to improve elevator safety and reduce costs.
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