CC BY
60
DOI: 10.29141/2658-5081-2019-20-3-8
JEL classification: O25, O38, O43
Anna S. Melnikova Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia
Alina O. Tveritinova Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia
Aleksandra V. Vedernikova Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia
Modelling a digital platform for interaction between the regional government and high-technology industrial enterprises
Abstract. The increase in labour productivity and economic growth both nation-wide and at the regional level depends on a competent industrial, administrative, and management policy. In the conditions of the fourth industrial revolution, the automation of production and technological processes and socioeconomic systems largely determines the achievement of these tasks. The study aims to create a model of digital interaction between the regional government and high-growth companies in the real economy in accordance with the industrial specifics. Conceptually, the article is consistent with prevailing economic trends, namely, the processes of digitalisation, globalisation, and internationalisation of financial and economic systems, and employs the post-industrial theory. The paper applies research methods such as polemic analysis, multifactor analysis, observation, modelling, and adopts quantitative bibliometric methods. The study focuses on modelling the electronic infrastructure for interaction between counterparties from industrial and public sectors of the socioeconomic system (evidence from Perm krai) based on information and communication technologies with the help of plan-actual analysis of the retrospective and prospective digital development of the given area. The findings can be used by the public authorities, such as the Government of Perm krai, administrations of the subjects of the Russian Federation, and other stakeholders of the e-economy to monitor the development, transformation, and transition of the real economy to Industry 4.0. The paper develops a model of the digital interaction with various counterparties (businesses, partners, suppliers, administration) through the ICT channels. The authors provide a list of currently available and prospective electronic digital channels of interaction with the real sector. The research identifies PJSC LUKOIL as a pioneer in the field of digital development and a leading company to promote transition to Industry 4.0.
Keywords: model; digital platform; information and communication interaction; Industry 4.0; road map; high-technology industrial enterprises; government agencies.
For citation: Melnikova A. S., Tveritinova A. O., Vedernikova A. V. Modelling a digital platform for interaction between the regional government and high-technology industrial enterprises. Journal of New Economy, 2019, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 116-133. DOI: 10.29141/2658-5081-2019-20-3-8 Received January 22, 2019.
Introduction
The relevance of research topic stems from the fact that the process of transition towards Industry 4.0 among the industrial subjects of the real economy in the Russian Federation is still in its initial phase, while the set tasks cannot be achieved until a competent industrial, administrative and management policy is implemented. Russia in general and Perm krai in particular are at the threshold of the fourth industrial revolution that will result in full automation of most production and technological processes and socioeconomic systems and, consequently, lead to
an increase in labour productivity, economic growth, and the emergence of e-government and digital society.
The paper aims to create a digital model of interaction between government agencies and industrial counterparties drawing on the example of the information and communication infrastructure of Perm krai. The methodological basis of the research rests upon a comprehensive study of a list of currently used and prospective ICT channels employed by the government to interact with the real economy, with due consideration of the authors' recommendations and strategies.
The study carries out the following research tasks:
• explores electronic information channels used by large companies operating in the field of digital economy of Perm krai;
• analyses the websites of the administration and government of Perm krai;
• reviews the existing system of ICT interaction between the public and real sectors;
• examines the operating digital platforms and electronic exchanges;
• proposes the promising digital channels of counterparty interaction.
Scientific development of the research problem related to ICT channels and implementation of Industry 4.0 at industrial enterprises is still in its infancy and, therefore, it is important to note the regional state of knowledge on the topic [Akberdina, 2018, p. 82; Bakumenko, Kostromina, 2018, p. 19], the promising study on the development of electronic interaction [Alekseev, 2016, p. 43; Ziyadullaev, 2017, p. 46; Korshunov, 2017, p. 154], etc. The specific nature of digital transformation of the business models and processes employed by enterprises in the field of internal environment as presented by Garifullin, Zyabrikov [2019, p. 16] is of high priority to the development of Industry 4.0. The conceptual framework for the digital economy and its impact on the development of economic infrastructures, as well as the study into the effectiveness of digitalisation advancement in a number of countries, including Russia, are addressed by Udalt-sova [2016, p. 16]. The role of the Internet of Things and the Industrial Internet in the digital direction of the real economy development is revealed by Voronin [2018, p. 146]. Tsvetkov and Sukharev [2017, p. 146] addressed the problems of economic growth in Russia. They described ways to initiate a new type of digital economy in Russia, improve IT-system controllability, and plan the influence of the state and governmental measures on the operation of the state - industry electronic platform. The basic concepts of utilising the elements of the digital economy to optimise a wide range of types and forms of managing various groups of economic agents based on the integration of standardised network infrastructures using cloud principles are reflected on by Loginov, Shkuta [2019, p. 109].
Foreign scientific periodical and monographic literature considers the following aspects: the impact of the new information technologies that are being adopted in the workplace in the light of the economic and technical determinants underlying the ICT application [Bresnahan, Yin, 2017, p. 98; Chen, Kamal, 2016, pp. 569-570]; the interrelation between information and communication technologies of production systems [Meissner, Ilsen, Aurich, 2017, p. 166]; the influence of the industrial revolution, which rests upon cyber-physical production systems, on joining physical and virtual worlds [Schlaepfer, Koch, Merkofer, 2015, p. 4]; digitalisation of the industry with the focus on integrating sensors into product parts and production facilities [Bauer, Patel, Veira, 2017, p. 23]; a revolutionary digital solution involving comprehensive personalised data-based service and integrated platforms [Geissbauer, Schrauf, Koch, 2017, pp. 6-7]; the development and application of a cyber-physical system in manufacturing which implies physical elements of production integrated with the IT systems [Herter, Ovtcharova, 2016, p. 399].
Methodological framework for building a digital platform for ICT interaction between government agencies and real economy enterprises
In the digital economy of Perm krai, information and communication technologies serve as a driver for the growth of the entire regional economy and social progress [Ustyuzhanina, Sigarev, Shein, 2016, p. 2241]. Electronic services and technologies exhibit high availability to consumers (population, government, business) and are widely adopted throughout Perm krai [Tsvetkov et al., 2018, pp. 206-207] and Russia as a whole.
The digital platform of the Volga Federal District is part of the e-economy of the Russian Federation. The ICT sector effectively operating and actively developing in the region involves large, medium, and small businesses [Schlaepfer, Koch, Merkofer, 2015, p. 8]. The real sector of the Perm economy builds on a competition and cooperation, and implements both independent and common competitive projects that create and promote products and services at the time of digitalisation and globalisation of economic systems [Akberdina, 2018, p. 82].
The concept of the digital economy development in Perm krai in 2018-20241 declares that nourishing electronic business and network economy is of strategic importance to Perm krai as a whole as it would determine its competitiveness among the subjects of the Russian Federation.
Expanding use of digital technologies among businesses of Perm krai leads to a reduction in production costs of goods and services, widening their range, quality, and availability, advanced cooperation, emergence of clusters and innovative business structures (accelerators), which in turn contributes to the better well-being of the region and country as a whole [Sorokin, 2018, p. 6].
In the digital economy, high-technology companies can function as:
• customers and active consumers of the products and services offered by the ICT sector of Perm krai;
• investors in projects intended for developing new products for the Perm's information and communication technology sector;
• partners that test innovative products and services of ICT businesses in Perm krai [Tsvetkov, Sukharev, 2017, p. 67];
• a basis for research and development to design innovative products and services in the IT sphere [Boychenko, 2017, p. 257].
Production efficiency in the industry of Perm krai is improved by application of digital technologies, as well as by the cost reduction at the enterprises and increased diversity, quality, and availability (including territorial) of the produced goods and services. Information and communication technology costs represent the actual expenses of an organisation expressed in monetary terms. Hardware and software purchase, communication bills, and employee training in ICT development and application count as organisation's ICT expenditures. They include current and capital costs of the surveyed organisations (excluding small businesses). The total ICT expenditures of the businesses and organisations are listed in Table 1.
Introduction of ICT is associated with investments, that can be quite significant as in the case of corporate information systems. In 2017, the bulk of the funds were used by the companies to pay for the services of the third-party information and communication technology organisations and specialists. It is important to note that the Internet access fees make up only 4.4 % out of 17 % of the money spent on covering communication costs. The figures related to the purchase of hardware and office equipment (15.3 % in 2017) and software (11.7 %) are quite indicative. The data suggests that the management of the companies in Perm krai gives little attention to their own personnel development and their further training, and that it is much easier for the companies to pay for the services of the third-party organisations than to train/develop
1 The concept of the digital economy development in Perm krai in 2018-2024. Available at: www.mirs.permkrai. ru (in Russ.)
Table 1. Distribution of organisations' expenditures on information and communication technologies by type, % of the total
Таблица 1. Распределение затрат организации на информационные и коммуникационные технологии по видам, % к итогу
Organisations' ICT expenditures 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Including:
purchase of the hardware and office equipment 13.2 13.7 22.9 17.4 11.7 12.2 15.4 15.3
purchase of telecommunications equipment 9.1 6.9 6.8 8.0
purchase of software 11.6 10.0 8.9 11.3 11.5 23.0 12.3 11.7
communication costs: 26.0 34.5 30.1 19.7 18.0 20.8 17.6 17.0
of which the Internet access fees 6.9 9.9 9.4 5.6 5.2 8.9 5.3 4.4
employee training in ICT development and application 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2
service fees of the third-party ICT organisations
and specialists (except communication and 30.4 20.6 25.8 34.0 32.7 26.8 35.9 35.3
training)
other expenditures 18.5 20.6 11.9 17.1 16.6 10.0 11.9 12.5
Note. Compiled using the data from the Regional Engineering Centre Foundation. Available at: www. rce-perm.ru (in Russ.)
skills of their own specialists. As a result, application of information technologies becomes even more expensive.
Electronic commerce is a significant digital economy institution [Melnikova, 2017, p. 114] that covers the whole range of relationships, such as:
• direct interaction between consumers (C2C sector);
• seller-consumer interaction (B2C sector);
• interaction between entrepreneurs (B2B sector);
• electronic interaction between businesses and government (B2G sector), etc. [Anisina, 2018, pp. 6-7].
The strategic objectives of the Government of Perm krai include the development of comprehensive measures in support of counterparties in the electronic business sectors: B2B, B2G and B2C; regulation of the electronic trading platforms, electronic payments, and electronic workflow. The model of digital interaction between the Government of Perm krai and the real sector of the economy is shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 shows that digital activity of the businesses in Perm krai is limited. Industrial entities mainly use a single platform for electronic communication with customers, suppliers, contractors, and municipal and regional authorities - the Regional Engineering Centre (REC) Foundation. It has a negative effect on communicability and, consequently, business and investment attractiveness of the real economy of the region as a whole. To bring in more customers, both internal and external, participants need to operate on several electronic trading platforms. PJSC LUKOIL, LLC LUKOIL-Perm, and Gazprom Transgaz Tchaikovsky LLC which have access to two or more digital interactive platforms are an exception to the rule.
It should be noted that some businesses such as JSC Sibur-Khimprom operate on their own platforms, which takes its toll on sales. If they want to remain competitive, they should create supply chain networks reaching outside their businesses, and digitise them. Businesses should create an efficient environment for the digital interaction both among themselves and with other counterparties [Petrenko, 2017, p. 19]. Without active participation of technology leaders, industrial enterprises will continue viewing advanced digital technologies as nothing but an
Customers, suppliers, contractors
Interaction between members (see Table 2 for the key)
Actual interaction between members
Customers, suppliers, contractors
Anticipated interaction between members
Fig. 1. Model of the digital platform for information and communication interaction between the Government of Perm krai and high-technology industrial enterprises Рис. 1. Модель цифровой платформы информационно-коммуникационного взаимодействия Правительства Пермского края и высокотехнологичных промышленных предприятий
addition to their business processes, and will not be able to achieve the full potential of applying these to change the existing approach to consumer value creation.
The existing ICT interaction channels between the public and real sectors together with the prospective digital channels of counterparty interactivity with the assistance of the Regional Engineering Centre Foundation are listed in Table 2, along with the operating digital electronic platforms and electronic trading exchanges.
The REC Foundation operates on a one-stop principle [Averyanov, Evtushenko, Kochetova, 2016, p. 53], i.e. it acts as a unified electronic platform designed to search for, collect, set, and perform technological and engineering tasks involving small, medium, and large industrial businesses (Fig. 2).
- LLC LUKOIL-Perm
- NPO Iskra PJSC
PJSC SIBUR Holding
- PJSC Proton-PM
H PJSC Uralkali
H PJSC Gazprom
Gazprom Transgaz Tchaikovsky LLC
JSC Novomet -Perm
ООО Turbopnevmatik
JSC Star
AONFT
Active members
ООО EuroChem- Usolsky potassium plant
PJSC Rostelecom
JSCo RZD
09 Ь
и
1 g
и
Anticipated members
..........А...........
REGIONAL ENGINEERING CENTRE
Active areas
Industrial cooperation
Performance improvement
Digital industrial technologies
Export support
Prototyping
Industrial design
Projected areas !
Development of distributed production and digital certification
Automated and robotic production systems
Development of machinery production and energy facilities
Composites and polymers Design and technological support Centre for Chemical Technologies
1
Fig. 2. Plan-actual analysis of the structural activities of the Regional Engineering Centre Рис. 2. План-фактный анализ структурной деятельности Регионального центра инжиниринга
The foundation deals with large holding companies such as PJSC Gazprom; LLC LUKOIL-Perm; PJSC SIBUR Holding; PJSC Uralkali. It is planning to cooperate with JSCo RZD; PJSC Rostelecom; OOO EuroChem-Usolsky potassium plant. Digital interaction between the foundation and large companies is conducted in two ways: the first one involves cooperation based on the road map agreed on by both the Government of Perm krai and the holding company; and the second one rests on an agreement (protocol) signed by the holding company and the REC; the sub-level of the latter is a stage, where a unified register of industrial enterprises is established.
Consider the examples of the REC's interaction with large holding companies.
Table 2. Key to the active ICT channels of interactivity between counterparties of the digital platform (see Fig. 1) Таблица 2. Расшифровка фактически действующих ИКТ-каналов интерактивности контрагентов цифровой платформы (см. рис.1)
No. Platform name Main features/functions Counterparties
1 Regional Engineering Centre Foundation (www.rce-perm.ru) Created upon an initiative of the Ministry of Industry Business and Trade of Perm krai. The main field of concern is to find solution to the engineering and technological problems of the industry. The REC is a subsidiary of the regional government that implements parts of the krai's regional industrial policies and utilises administrative and financial resources in the interests of industrial enterprises. The REC acts as a unified platform for dealing with large companies and small and medi-um-sized businesses Active: LLC LUKOIL-Perm; JSC Novomet-Perm PJSC Gazprom; PJSC SIBUR Holding; PJSC Uralkali; PJSC Proton-PM; NPO Iskra PJSC; AO NFT; OOO Turbopnevmatik; JSC Star; Gazprom Transgaz Tchaikovsky LLC. Anticipated: JSCo RZD; PJSC Rostelecom; OOO EuroChem-Usolsky potassium plant
2 Strategic digital interaction between LLC LUKOIL-Perm and JSC Novomet-Perm (www.novomet.ru) Contributes to the improvement of the Digital Oil Field technology (Smart field), Big data. Intelligent production control stations designed by JSC Novomet-Perm and Novomet-Track, an automated remote oil extraction monitoring and control system, have been successfully tested at the Lukoil fields. Development works on automation of the reagent dosing units have been performed, and intelligent well capacity prediction algorithms have been tested LLC LUKOIL-Perm; JSC Novomet-Perm
3 B2B-Center electronic marketplace (www.b2b-center.ru) The electronic marketplace was created for the purposes of corporate purchases and sales of goods and services. With the help of B2B-Center, buyers choose the best deals from suppliers, and suppliers find customers and increase sales PJSC LUKOIL; LLC LUKOIL-Perm; JSC Novomet-Perm; NPO Iskra PJSC; JSC UEC-Perm Engines; JSC Star; PJSC Proton-PM
4 B2B-LUKOIL-AIK trading and purchasing platform (www.b2b-lukoil-aik.ru) The B2B-LUKOIL-AIK trading and purchasing platform was developed within the framework of the unified electronic trading system B2B-Center. Participants use B2B-LUKOIL-AIK to purchase goods, works, and services for companies' needs PJSC LUKOIL; LLC LUKOIL-Perm
5 Electronic workflow system (EWS) Directum (www.directum.ru) It is an electronic workflow software developer. Helps organisations to become more efficient by automating their internal processes and external communication with the counterparties Gazprom Transgaz Tchaikovsky LLC; JSC Novomet-Perm; Uralchem JSC
Table 2. (concluded) Окончание таблицы 2
No. Platform name Main features/functions Counterparties
6 Electronic trading platform of Gazprombank LLC (ETP GPB) (www.etpgpb.ru) The electronic trading platform of GPB LLC is a subsidiary of Gazprombank LLC that provides services involving organisation and carrying out procurement in an electronic form [Kudinov, Silakova, Leonteva, 2018, p. 361]. By means of the ETP GPB technological platform, customers can make purchases in different ways with an option to combine them within a single order and to purchase with no limitation to the number of lots PJSC Gazprom; Gazprom Transgaz Tchaikovsky LLC
7 Sibur electronic trading platform (www.b2b.sibur.ru) B2b.sibur.ru is a specialised platform where all commercial and procurement activities can be performed online on a one-stop principle within a unified interface PJSC SIBUR Holding; JSC Sibur-Khimprom
8 Litasco oil trader (www.litasco. com) LITASCO is the exclusive international electronic commerce operator of PJSC LUKOIL handling all supplies and conducting trading operations of the LUKOIL Group outside Russia. LITASCO aims at international expansion and broadening trade operations PJSC LUKOIL; LLC LUKOIL-Perm
9 The system of bidding procedures of PJSC LUKOIL (www.tender.lukoil. com) The system holds tenders that fall within the purview of the Procurement Commission and Tender Committee of PJSC LUKOIL PJSC LUKOIL; LLC LUKOIL-Perm
10 National bidding portal (www.tenderguru.ru) TenderGuru.ru is the leading search engine for tenders and procurement information. The portal contains information on purchases posted on the Internet allowing open access. The portal is intended for legal entities and individual entrepreneurs engaged in the state and commercial procurement process NPO Iskra PJSC
11 Innovative partnership portal of PJSC LUKOIL (www.lukoil.ru/Business/ technology-and-innovation/ InnovativePartnership) Innovative partnership portal is an electronic marketplace where any manufacturer of technologies and equipment can offer its ideas for application in the company PJSC LUKOIL; LLC LUKOIL-Perm
12 Integrated Operations Centre (www.p ermneft-p ortal.ru) Integrated Operations Centres (IOC) are established in LLC LUKOIL-Perm. These centres bring together information about oil field operation in the oil and gas production units LLC LUKOIL-Perm
Coordinator of the implementation of the road map for the project "Expanding the use of high-technology products of organisations in Perm krai, including import substitutes, for the benefit of PJSC Gazprom"1: the Regional Engineering Centre.
Road map originator: PJSC Gazprom.
Road map participants: NPO Iskra PJSC, AO NFT, JSC Star, LLC NPF Feniks, OOO Turbo-pnevmatik.
In accordance with the road map, Gazprom Transgaz Tchaikovsky LLC was assigned by PJSC Gazprom a role of the key company responsible for interaction with the industrial complex of Perm krai.
Operation framework for the road map commissioned by the Ministry of Industry, Business and Trade of Perm krai (as exemplified by PJSC Gazprom) is shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. The Regional Engineering Centre operation framework for handling the road map
(evidence from PJSC Gazprom) Рис. 3. Формат работы Регионального центра инжиниринга по дорожной карте (на примере ПАО «Газпром»)
As per the Protocol signed between LLC LUKOIL-Perm and the REC, LLC LUKOIL-Perm agrees to formulate the main issues of concern, including import substitution of equipment, and address them to the Regional Engineering Centre. LLC LUKOIL-Perm and the REC Foundation are working together on testing the Digital Oil Field project. The protocol signing procedure between LLC LUKOIL-Perm and the Regional Engineering Centre is shown in Fig. 4.
Protocol between LLC LUKOIL-Perm and the REC LLC LUKOIL-Perm task register * Import substitution Other Company selection —
t
STC -> Protocol Pilot testing Certification ► Entry for the enterprise in the register
Fig. 4. The Regional Engineering Centre operation framework for dealing with large holding companies through signing the protocol (evidence from LLC LUKOIL-Perm) Рис. 4. Формат работы Регионального центра инжиниринга с крупными холдингами через подписание протокола
(на примере оОо «Лукойл-Пермь»)
The unified register of industrial enterprises effectively demonstrates the range of products of the real sector of Perm krai, their technological features and marketing advantages. As soon as the company is included in the register, it gets the benefits of promotion of its interests to external customers. The unified register of industrial enterprises is a place where companies can
1 The road map for interaction between PJSC Gazprom and the industrial complex of Perm krai. Available at: www.minpromtorg.permkrai.ru (in Russ.)
communicate their consumers/customers/suppliers and among themselves. According to the REC, the register contains 363 enterprises. Corporate information entered in the register falls into the following sections: company name, scope of activities, sector, phone number, mailing address, contact name (position), website, and source of information about the centre for industrial cooperation. The stages of the official procedure for the entry in the unified register of industrial enterprises are shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Official procedure for the entry in the unified register of industrial enterprises Рис. 5. Формирование единого реестра промышленных предприятий
The REC acts as a unified platform where the register of technical and engineering tasks of the large enterprises is maintained, and solutions to these tasks can be found and prepared with the involvement of industrial enterprises from both Perm krai and Russia as a whole. Quantified key performance indicators of the Regional Engineering Centre are presented in Table 3.
Since the Regional Engineering Centre is a subsidiary of the government and was created upon the initiative of the Ministry of Industry, Business and Trade of Perm krai, the degree of digitalisation of the government agencies and the real economy can be judged by the results of interaction between the enterprises and the REC Foundation.
From Table 3 it can be seen that the number of enterprises participating in the REC projects is increasing year-on-year. This indicates a fairly high degree of digitalisation between the government agencies and the industrial sector of the economy in Perm. High-technology companies in Perm and Perm krai display an increasing interest in the digital economy and information technologies, striving to enter the digital space in order to find solutions to day-to-day and strategic tasks such as: to increase competitiveness; to expand the number of customers and suppliers; to broaden distribution areas in order to create and strengthen the positive image in the market as actively developing companies that promptly respond to the latest trends in the digital, technical, technological and economic development of the state and society [Melnikova, Sinyagina, 2018, p. 129].
According to the Concept of the digital economy development in Perm krai, a "digital breakthrough" envisaged by 2024 can be possible by the development of the priority projects aimed at the adoption of digital technologies in the production sector and in the field of digitalisation. Implementation of the planned directions for the development of the digital economy in Perm krai would stimulate the demand for products and services in the IT sector and improve the quality of human, infrastructural, and financial resources. The planned ICT channels of interaction between producers and consumers of ICT products are summarised in Table 4.
The government of Perm krai is planning on establishing several new platforms to contribute to the simplest, fastest, and most informative interaction between producers and consumers of the ICT products in the real economy. The new platforms will make it possible to improve communication and interaction between the businesses, ensure effective cooperation between the
Table 3. Effectiveness of digital interactions between counterparties under the REC programs1 Таблица 3. Анализ результативности цифровых взаимодействий контрагентов по программам РЦИ
Key indicators 2016 2017 2018 Absolute deviation, number of participants year-on-year Growth/decline rate, % year-on-year Share, % of the total Cumulative gain/loss, %
2018/2016 2018/2017 2018/2016 2018/2017 2016 2017 2018
High-technology and educational projects, including events, implemented by the REC 39 30 73 34 43 87.18 143.33 79.59 46.15 70.87 -8.72
Works performed in the high-technology field including fast prototyping, pilot production, single unit and job lot production based on direct digital production technologies and consulting services provided to small and medium-sized businesses 10 35 30 20 -5 200 -14.29 20.41 53.85 29.13 8.72
Total number of counterparties involved in the REC programs 49 65 103 54 38 110.20 58.46 100 100 100 0.00
Note. Compiled using the data from the Regional Engineering Centre Foundation.
Table 4. ICT channels planned to be introduced in accordance with the Concept of the digital economy development in Perm krai in 2018-2024 Таблица 4. Планируемые ИКТ-каналы в соответствии с Концепцией развития цифровой экономики Пермского края в 2018-2024 гг.
Platform name Main features / functions performed Counterparties
Unified knowledge and technology portal "Industry 4.0" for industrial enterprises of the Prikamye region Providing consolidated information from customers and suppliers, as well as bringing together projects, ideas, and needs that will be in demand and will be implemented in Perm krai as part of the regional industrial digitalisation initiative Real sector of the economy
Unified product catalogue of the region Enabling each of the region's businesses to offer their technical solutions to other businesses and to specify their needs and make contracts. Products for potential customers are to be presented in an interactive form in a unified product catalogue of the region's enterprises As above
Pilot project aimed at implementing the Industrial Internet of Things Analysis of the existing pilot projects implementing the Industrial Internet of Things at the production facilities, accumulation of typical sectoral solutions based thereon, discussion at the Scientific and Technical Council sessions, and distribution among the businesses in Perm krai »
Perm krai investment portal Implementation of effective mechanisms for interaction between businesses and government in terms of providing companies with benefits and support, and consulting the responsible authorities on the one-stop principle »
Unified information system "Cloud accounting" Ensuring financial transparency of the public sector in Perm krai by means of deep integration with the information systems of the financial and economic sectors. It will optimise the costs of handling budgetary accounting and personnel records, employee payroll calculation [Karlenko, 2018, p. 1142], as well as budgetary and other reports »
"Smart manufacturing" and "Smart contract'pilot platforms "Smart manufacturing" implies adopting information technology and cyber-physical systems at all stages of production and delivery [Kozhevina, 2018, pp. 976-977]. A "smart contract" is a computer program that monitors and enforces the compliance with obligations: the parties stipulate the terms of a transaction and the sanctions for breaching these, and put digital signatures »
1 E-mail: kvd@rce-perm.ru (Centre for industrial cooperation). Address: 69 Nikolaya Ostrovskogo St., Perm, 614007, Russia. Phone: +7 342 262-86-72.
business and the state, as well as the transparency of the government agencies. Implementation of the Concept of the digital economy development in Perm krai in 2018-2024 is one of the most important regional development strategies, and the extent to which this initiative is carried out is going to define the future of Perm krai, its competitiveness, and the efficiency of labour and production.
Conclusion
The geo-economic space in general and the macro and micro levels of the economy are undergoing the fourth industrial revolution and entering the new era of digitalisation [Melnikova, 2017, p. 113], which implies new ideas and production processes where the boundaries between physical, digital, and biological spheres are blurred.
Transition towards Industry 4.0 joins industry and information technologies [Korshunov, 2017, p. 151], which leads to the emergence of digital production or a smart plant where all equipment (devices, machinery), as well as products and people, can interact with each other via electronic technologies and websites.
Many enterprises in Perm krai are rapidly adopting the principles of Industry 4.0. Among them are PJSC LUKOIL and its subsidiaries (LLC LUKOIL-Perm, LLC LUKOIL-Permnefte-orgsintez, LUKOIL-Permnefteprodukt LLC) and PJSC Gazprom with one of its subsidiaries in Perm krai (Gazprom Transgaz Tchaikovsky LLC).
The findings of the study suggest that PJSC LUKOIL is a digital leader in Perm krai. Further digitalisation of the PJSC LUKOIL oil company is expected to advance within the framework of the Road map which is to include the Digital Twin, Digital Personnel, Robotisation, and Digital Ecosystem as its main programs having distinctive features in each segment of the oil industry. The programs are going to employ the Industrial Internet of Things, interaction technology, robots, artificial intelligence, mobile devices, cloud technologies, and Big Data as implementation tools. As compared to other companies, PJSC LUKOIL uses the largest number of digital platforms in its operations. In addition to the REC and B2B-center, it utilises several platforms established by the company itself: B2B-LUKOIL-AIK trading and purchasing platform, Litasco Oil Trader, the system of bidding procedures of PJSC LUKOIL, and innovative partnership portal of PJSC LUKOIL. The company actively cooperates with the Regional Engineering Centre that implements digital industrial policy on behalf of the government. Together, they are involved in the Digital oil field project.
IT solutions employed by LLC LUKOIL-Perm and LLC LUKOIL-Permnefteorgsintez create conditions necessary for the day-to-day running of the production, help control energy consumption, reduce the risk of equipment failure, and overall improve business processes in general.
The goal of PJSC LUKOIL's digital strategy is to create an ecosystem where open interfaces and platforms would operate. This would increase the speed of performance, reduce transaction costs, and stimulate digital development.
The model of digital interaction between the Government of Perm krai and high-technology industrial enterprises demonstrates which e-platforms are used for communication between the krai organisations and other enterprises, as well as the ICT channels of interaction between the real economy and the government agencies of Perm krai. Such interaction is beneficial to the state [Kozhevina, 2018, p. 976], as the government can use digital platforms to promote economic development and growth.
On the other hand, the government should prevent the negative consequences such as monopolisation of the digital economy. The proposed model (see Fig. 1) can be used to improve the digital interaction among the counterparties or to design new measures to eliminate deficiencies (for instance, dependence on the owners of digital platforms or loss of control over distribution
channels), and balance effective promotion of electronic infrastructures against regulation of their operation in the interest of all user groups. The findings can be used by the public authorities and other stakeholder participants of the e-economy to monitor and manage the processes of transition of the real economy to Industry 4.0.
Promising fields of further research into the studied topic can include:
• addressing the issue of a theoretical shortage of information, i.e. clarifying theoretical technical and economic categories;
• revising a range of essential aspects of the theory of digitalisation and in business process and IT platform modelling with respect to an industrial enterprise;
• improving practical methodologies which involve designing road and technical maps for the development of information and economic security systems;
• building key competencies that would facilitate modernisation of economic and mathematical tools, improve the corresponding informational and economic components of the business platform modelling and digitalisation.
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Information about the authors
Anna S. Melnikova, Cand. Sc. (Econ.), Associate Prof. of Economics and Finance Dept., Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolsky Ave., Perm, 614990, Russia Phone: +7 (342) 21-98-064, e-mail: dew244@yandex.ru
Alina O. Tveritinova, Applicant for Candidate degree of Economics and Finance Dept., Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolsky Ave., Perm, 614990, Russia Phone: +7 (342) 21-98-064, e-mail: tveralina98@gmail.com
Aleksandra V. Vedernikova, Applicant for Candidate degree of Economics and Finance Dept., Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolsky Ave., Perm, 614990, Russia Phone: +7 (342) 21-98-064, e-mail: aesandra31@gmail.com
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А. С. Мельникова Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический
университет, г. Пермь, Российская Федерация А. О. Тверитинова Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический
университет, г. Пермь, Российская Федерация А. В. Ведерникова Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет, г. Пермь, Российская Федерация
Моделирование цифровой платформы взаимодействия регионального правительства и высокотехнологичных промышленных
предприятий
Аннотация. Увеличение производительности труда и экономический рост и на федеральном, и на региональном уровнях зависят от грамотной промышленной и административно-управленческой политики. В условиях четвертой промышленной революции достижение этих задач во многом определяется автоматизацией производственно-технологических процессов и социально-экономических систем. Исследование направлено на создание модели цифрового взаимодействия регионального правительства и быстроразвивающихся компаний реального сектора экономики в соответствии с отраслевой спецификой. Концепция исследования согласуется с ведущими тенденциями экономики - процессами цифровизации, глобализации и интернационализации
финансово-экономических систем - и базируется на постиндустриальной теории экономики. В работе использованы методы - полемический и многофакторный анализ; наблюдение; моделирование; апробированы библиометрические методы. Статья сконцентрирована на моделировании электронной инфраструктуры информационно-коммуникационно-технологического взаимодействия контрагентов промышленного сектора с государственной сферой социально-эконмической системы (на примере Пермского края) на основе план-фактного анализа ретроспективного и перспективного цифрового развития изучаемой территории. Результаты работы могут быть использованы для мониторинга становления, преобразования и перехода реального сектора экономики к Индустрии 4.0 Правительством Пермского края, администрациями субъектов РФ и другими заинтересованными участниками е-экономики. Разработана модель цифрового взаимодействия с различными контрагентами (предприятиями, партнерами, поставщиками, администрацией), основанная на ИКТ-каналах. Приводится перечень имеющихся и прогнозируемых электронных цифровых каналов взаимодействия с реальным сектором. Выявлен лидер цифрового становления и перехода к Индустрии 4.0 - ПАО «ЛУКОЙЛ».
Ключевые слова: модель; цифровая платформа; информационно-коммуникационное взаимодействие; Индустрия 4.0; дорожная карта; высокотехнологичные промышленные предприятия; государственные структуры.
Для цитирования: Melnikova A. S., Tveritinova A. O., Vedernikova A. V. Modelling a digital platform for interaction between the regional government and high-technology industrial enterprises. Journal of New Economy, 2019, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 116-133. DOI: 10.29141/2658-50812019-20-3-8
Дата поступления: 22 января 2019 г.
Источники
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Информация об авторах
Мельникова Анна Сергеевна, кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры экономики и финансов Пермского национального исследовательского политехнического университета, 614990, РФ, г. Пермь, Комсомольский пр., 29
Контактный телефон: +7 (342) 21-98-064, е-mail: dew244@yandex.ru
Тверитинова Алина Олеговна, соискатель кафедры экономики и финансов Пермского национального исследовательского политехнического университета, 614990, РФ, г. Пермь, Комсомольский пр., 29
Контактный телефон: +7 (342) 21-98-064, е-mail: tveralina98@gmail.com
Ведерникова Александра Васильевна, соискатель кафедры экономики и финансов Пермского национального исследовательского политехнического университета, 614990, РФ, г. Пермь, Комсомольский пр., 29
Контактный телефон: +7 (342) 21-98-064, е-mail: aesandra31@gmail.com
© Мельникова А. С., Тверитинова А. О., Ведерникова А. В., 2019
