CC BY
11
БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE ALAZANI RIVER BASIN
AND ITS ICHTHYOFAUNA
Gogi Jikia,
PhD Student
I.Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Sokhumi State University, Tbilisi Zurab Lomtatidze Professor of the Department of Microbiology, Sokhumi State University, Tbilisi Marine Nikolaishvili Professor and Head of Department, I.Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Sokhumi State University, Tbilisi
Lali Koptonashvili I.Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine,
Abstract
Due to low sanitary and hygienic standards fecal masses and wastewater flow into the river Alazani basin that causes the deterioration of water ecological condition and its contamination with microorganisms. Studies prove that opportunistic species of bacteria are dominant in water: Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Citrobacter, Clostridium, Pseudomonas. These species of bacteria are able to exist in water and hydrobionts for a long time. The results of the trial show that microorganism contamination has undulating character. From Autumn the contamination is close to norm, that cannot be said about summer period. Regional changes were also observed, e.g. it is quite high at Shakriani than at Akhmeta and Artana, that was likely encouraged by anthropogenic influence and water high temperature in summer.
Keywords: Ichthyofauna , bacteria, river Alazani, stress factors
Introduction
Georgia is rich of fresh water resources although water quality in water surface media does not correspond to European regulations. The main reason for this is untreated sewage waters causing collection of large amount of biogenic materials that determines active growth (eutrophication) seaweeds. This process is accompanied by oxygen exhaustion and destruction of water ecosystem. [5-10]. Such wastes as domestic consuming, industrial and rain waste waters, pesticides , that occur in water due to irrigation of agricultural lands, influence chemical as well as bacteriological contents of the water.[1.7.8] Chemical substances, accumulated in basins, might cause negative ecological changes. Micro flora and in particular eukaryotic as well as prokaryotic microorganisms sensitively reacts to such ecological changes. Thus, the microbiological characteristic of the river Alazani and its Ichthyofauna is very topical. [9]
Material and Methods
Research sample was taken within the period of July-August. The research obj ect were the river Alazani water and gills and skin of one of the dominant representative fish "barbel". Sample collection, preparation and analysis were performed by microbiological methods, that are accepted in ichthyopathology and sanitary microbiology. Organs and tissues were inoculated in selective growth medium [4] for qualitative and quan-
titative analysis. Quantitative measurement of fish microbial contamination (bacterial fib ration) was performed by the combination of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria by MAFAB R method. [2] . Total bacteriological pollution was measured by the amount of grown colonies, the formation unit of which was (gce) per 1 gr organ. [3-6-11]
Discussion of the obtained results
Obtained data proved that fish micro flora studied by us reacts to the river abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic processes. According to the obtained data 24 families of microorganisms were isolated: Aeromonas, Acidovarax, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Edwardsiella, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Candida, Citrobacter, Clostridium, Flavobacterium, Klebsiella, Micrococcus, Moraxella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Rhodotorula, Roseomonas, Serratia, Staphylococcus, Vibrio, Yersinia.
Ichthyofauna micro flora is closely related to water bacterial pollution, and their amounf in fish could be changed even when reservoir micro biocenosis content is stabile. Although, in the barbell micro flora the following aerobic gram negative microorganisms were always stably observed: Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Clostridium, Micrococcus
As it is known, temperature factor activates and decreases the growth of micro flora that determines seasonal dynamics in bacterial population. E.G. In autumn in Alazani barbell gills and on the skin the following
microorganisms Aeromonas, Bacillus, Clostridium, Pseudomonas, were identified. However it mostly was contaminated by Aeromonas hydrophila and A.caviae-species. Seasonal dynamics of enterobacterial contamination increased in summer months and reached 23%. The presence of enterobacteria in Alazani water is determined by anthropogenic contamination of the water: household sewage and wastewater, whilst seasonal increase is related to water warming in summer period. As a result of regional study, Alazani water was mostly contaminated by sulfitreducing clostridia that is an indicator of fecal contamination. On the oplural gills and skin of the caught fish contamination was mostly observed in Shakriani and Gurjaani app. 103-104 gke/g in 2014, rather than at Akhmeta and Artana. The increase of fseudomonadas was also observed in winter, that could be explained by the stability of temperature mode. In winter the following species of psykhrophilic microorganisms: Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Microccocus, Pseudomonas were identified.
The main criterion for fish flash quality indicator is total amount of mesophilic aerobic and facultative microorganisms. Obtained results proved seasonal changes for no more 5-104 gce/g of these microorganisms in fish skin and gills, that is an indicator not only of seasonality but ecological condition of the water as well.
According to the observation was have established that the contamination on barbell skin and gills in Alazani water at Shakriani and Gurjaani in July-Au-
44
gust period reached respectively 2,6-10 , 3,7-10 gce/g (norm 5.0x104) whilst at Akhmeta and Arthana it
44
was 1.7-10 , 3,5-10 gce/g. The difference between them was nearly 1.5-2 fold more that must be explained by the increase of fecal masses at Shakriani and Gurjaani.
As it is known fish gills have essential barrier function for fish organism. Through them the relation between water and fish internal organs is possible. [8]. As a result of toxic damage of gills, these substances as well as other various microorganisms are able to penetrate into fish internal organs. In healthy fish gills microorganisms have protection function. They clean the water in fish organism from these microorganisms.
Thus, sanitary-hygienic norms of the river Ala-zani are not respected, non-normative inflow of fecal masses and sewage in Alazani is present, that deteriorates water ecological condition and causes its pollution by microorganisms. The studies proved that opportunistic species of bacteria dominants in water: Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Citrobacter, Clostridium, Pseudomonas.
The fact is that the bacteria of this species are able to survive in water and in hydrobionts for a long time.
According to the indices microorganism contamination has undulating character. From Autumn the contamination is close to norm, that cannot be said about summer period. Regional changes were also observed, e.g. it is quite
High at Shakriani than at Akhmeta and Artana, that was likely encouraged by anthropogenic influence and water high temperature in summer.
Bibliography
1. Barmin A N. Ermolina A. S. Iolin M. M. Osobo ohranyaemyie prirodnyie teiritorii: problemyi, resheniya, perspektivyi: mono-grafiya - Astrahan : ATsT, - 312 s. 2010.
2. Barmin A N. Ermolina A. S. Buzlanov A. V. Regionalnyie problemyi razvitiya seti osobo ohranyae-myih prirodnyih territoriy Geologiya, geografiya i globalnaya energiya. №5. 58-60 s. 2006.
3. Barmin A N. Iolin, M.M. Stebenkova M. A. Sovremennyie voprosyi prirodopolzovaniya v Ahtubinskom rayone Astrahan-skoy oblasti. Geologiya, geografiya i globalnaya energiya. № 1. 189-196s. 2006.
4. Биргера. М. О. //Справочник по микробиологическим и вирусологическим методам исследования // Москва .Медицина. 1982
5. Головина К А . Головина, Н. А. Стрелков. Ю. А. - М. Ихтиопатология : Мир, - 448 с. 2003.
6. Glagolev S. B., Stebenkova, M. A. Barmin, A. N. Iolin M. M. Ekologicheskoe sostoyanie teiritorii Ahtubinskogo rayona Astrahanskoy oblasti pri sovremennom prirodopolzovanii: Geologiya, geografiya i globalnaya energiya. № 2. 36-39s. 2005.
7. Golovachev,V. Karst i pescheryi Severnogo Prikaspiya - Astrahan: «Astrahanskiy universitet», 215 s. 2010.
8. Моисеенко Т.И. Концепция биологической оценки качества вод. //экотоксико-логический подход// Вода: экология и технология. М.Экватек.80c. 2002.
9. NikolaiSvili M, Jikia G, Mchedluri T, Museliani T, PetriaSvili E, ZenaiSvili S. Effect of combined pesticide lambda-cyhalothrin on hydrobi-onts. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences, 2013, v7, no,1 pp 89-92.
10. Старцев А В. Казарникова А. В. Савицкая С. С. Результаты ихтиологических наблюдений в восточной части Таганрогского залива и дельте Дона. Ростов н/Д. : Изд-во ЮНЦ РАН, - 96 с. 2010.
11. .Джикиа Г, Мчедлури Т, Николаишвили М, Иорданишвили Г, Зенаишвили С. Комбинорован-ные пестициды и живой организм. Радиологические и агроэкологические исследования. II-международная конференция.Том.УШ 117-118с. Тбилиси. 2012,
