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Научни трудове на Съюза на учените в България - Пловдив Серия В. Техника и технологии, том XIII., Съюз на учените, сесия 5 - 6 ноември 2015 Scientific Works of the Union of Scientists in Bulgaria-Plovdiv, series C. Technics and Technologies, Vol. XIII., Union of Scientists, ISSN 1311-9419, Session 5 - 6 November 2015.
DETERMINATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER IN SOME SCHOOLS IN THE VILLAGES OF THE
MUNICIPALITY OF GJILAN L.Salihu1, D.Salihu2 1. Student-Master in Faculty of Food Technology, "Isa Boletini" University of Mitrovica, Kosovo
2. Faculty of Food Technology, "Isa Boletini" University of Mitrovica, Kosovo
Abstract: The goal of this paper is to show the quality of water in some schools, the level of microbial contamination in drinking water, and its impacts of pollution affecting the health of the students. Assessment of microbial pathogens is present in 13 schools. The comparison of the microbial pathogens was done during the period of holidays in schools (July-August) and in the period when schools started to work (September 2015). They exceeded permissible values of coliforms in 100 mL samples / water School: 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 and 13, and the eligibility level for fecal coliform backgrounds go to school samples 6 and 8.
Value allowability of the presence of viable bacteria pass samples of school 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12, the value of allowability of anaerobic bacteria endospore formers sulfidoformuese spend samples of school 12 13. The sample school and 11th exceed allowability of fecal streptococci origin.
Keywords: drinking water, pathogenic microorganisms, schools.
Introduction
It is widely known that there is no form of life without waternad that that it is the most common substance in nature. Water, as the main component part, enters the body of every living being. Breathing and food intake, water intake is the basic physiological need of any living organism. Excpet the fact that water is used for human physiological needs, water is also useful for other purposes such as for private and social life. Consumable water, without risk of infection and toxicity is in the spotlight of epidemiologists and hygienists, but firstly of its consumers. In the past centuries the consumed water was usually infected by urban and industrial water, favoring the diffusion of pathogenic microorganisms and thus the spread and transmission of epidemics. (1, 3)
Water intended for human consumption, for food preparation or for personal hygiene must not contain any pathogenic microorganism (EPA 2012).
Pathogenic agents have some features that distinguish them from chemical contaminants (Carpenter 2007). Pathogens are isolated and not in the form of solvates. The possibility of a pathogenic bacteria to enter the body and provoke an infection depends on the virulence of its infectious minimum dose, and the individual's immune level.
Through drinking water can be spread a number of the largest brokers pathogen such as bacteria, virus, protozor, helimente and a number of pacts not toxins derived from microorganisms, causing disease (such as those produced by algae). One of pathogenic bacteria that can be transmitted through drinking water with a special importance to human health are: E.coli, Sallamonella ssp, Shigella ssp, Vibro cholerae, yerine Enterocalitica, Campylobacter jejumi etc. (CIWP 2004).
Materials and methods of work
For the objective of this study in order to monitor and control the consuming water were present students and school employees near Gjilan. The water supply in the villages was taken directly from groundwater at a depth up to 30 meters, while for some schools the majority of drinking water was taken from two water processing plants, in Perlepnice and Velekince (villages in Gjilan). Water in Perlepnice was taken by accumulations of crude and mixed with the source of the Stone gjeotermilit Hoxha. In Velekince the water was taken from wells built in the lowland Morava River Binca, whose depth ranges from 29-32 meters.
To see the impact on the health of pupils from microbial contamination of drinkable water. The safe in the quality microbiological water sampling extends in sterile containers, should apply good practice work, because to not sterile dishes acumen cargo landed Microbiotic rezulltateve. Gjate effect of microbiological control experimental work includes:
Method of work is focused on determining the quality of water in 13 schools in the municipality of Gjilan, Bresalc, Bukovik, Cernice, Haxhaj, Kmetovc, Malisheve, Miresh -Doberqan, Mihir, Pogragje, Ponesh, Uglar, Verbice of Zhegov and Zheger.
The experimental work took account of microbiological control which includes TAMC- Total Count- Aerobic microbial count of aerobic microorganisms overall.
Isolated in plaque samples of Petrit, incubated at 37 for 48 hours, then make Willsombler planting with lactose and which are incubated for 48 hours at 37, and isolation with meccongi made in 48 hours in 44 °C.
Water tests were conducted in the organoleptic and microbiological laboratory at the Regional Institute of Public Health in Gjilan.
Table 1. Rezultatet microbiological analysis of 13 schools:
Type of analysis Type of water Norma The result
Number of schools for samplin g
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
The copper number for total coliform in 100 mL, defined as the number of credible Cleared 0 92 18 0 54 92 >161 54 >161 >161 >161 1 >161 >161
Source closed 10 -15
Open source 100 -10
Coliform bacteria of faecal origin in 10 mL All drinking water 0 0 14 0 54 92 >161 54 >161 0 0 0 0 0
For total number of viable bacteria in 1 mL Cleared 10 >300 >300 >300 >300 >300 >300 >300 >300 >300 >300 200 250 250
Source closed 100
Open source 200
Preoteus in 100 mL water All drinking water 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Endospore formers number of anaerobic bacteria in 100 mL reduction sulfido Cleared 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 7 >10 >10
Source closed 1
Open source 10
Faecal Streptococci originating in 100 mL All drinking water 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
Results and discussion
Results are presented as average counts of replication made in 13 schools, where the last count directly understood Petrit dishes.
In Table 1, in which microbiological parameters are presented, it shows that microbial contamination.
Exceeded the permissible values of coliforms in 100 mL sampling shkollav: 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 and 13, and the eligibility level for fecal coliform backgrounds pull them in school sampling 6 and 8.
Value allowability of the presence of viable bacteria pass Samplings School 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12, the value of allowability of anaerobic bacteria endospore formers sulfidoformuese cross sampling of school 12 13. the sample school and 11th exceed allowability of origin fecal streptococci.
Termination
From experimental work presented in detail in all the results from the theoretical and practical study of mikrobiologjijes.
Based on the results of microbiological analysis of drinking water reach the following conclusions:
In drinking water had microbial contamination. The values for the level of total coliform per 100 mL water (NPM) are; MPN = 0 minimum value, maximum value MPN => 161. The level of microbial contamination is higher in the summer months, compared with other months, because of the high temperatures, but also because schools have not worked and is filed corrosion by resulting layout coliform bacteria originating in faeces, and sulfobakteret.
Disinfection of internal network with chlorine sulucion with 15-20 mg / L for 8 hours contact time. For the internal supply network school system made pipe rinsing before and after disinfection.
After disinfection and money becomes bacteriological analysis.
For now, according to estimates by the Regional Institute of Public Health in Gjilan, 50% of diseases in schools originate from poor quality of drinking water.
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