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Научни трудове на Съюза на учените в България - Пловдив. Серия В. Техника и технологии, т. XIV, ISSN 1311-9419 (Print), ISSN 2534-9384 (On- line), 2017. Scientific Works of the Union of Scientists in Bulgaria-Plovdiv, series C. Technics and Technologies, Vol. XIV., ISSN 1311-9419 (Print), ISSN 2534-9384 (On- line), 2017.
ОПРЕДЕЛЯНЕ НА ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧНИ ПАРАМЕТРИ НА ВОДАТА В НЯКОИ УЧИЛИЩА НА ГИЛАН Lorikë Salihu1, Mehush Aliu 2, Fatos Regjepi2, Rifat Morina2,
Egzon Salihu3.
1. Химикотехнологичен и Металургичен Yниверситет, София, България. 2.Университет на Митровица «Isa Boletini», Факултет по Хранителни Технологии, Косово. 3. Университет на Митровица «Isa Boletini», Технология на Машиностроенето и Компютърно Инженерство, Косово.
DETERMINATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WATER IN SOME SCHOOLS OF GJILAN Lorikë Salihul, Mehush Aliu 2, Fatos Regjepi2, Rifat Morina2,
Egzon Salihu3.
1. University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria.
2. University of Mitrovica "Isa Boletini", Faculty of Food Technology,
Kosovo.
3. Bachelor student University of Mitrovica "Isa Boletini", Faculty of
Mechanical and Computer Engineering, Kosovo.
Abstract
Water is a basic and necessary condition for the existence of life, is an essential need for the people, for which there are no substitutes, the most common substance on earth and the only liquid inorganic stable substance. The research study is focused on determining the quality of water and physicochemical properties in 13 schools in the municipality of Gjilan. Water tests were conducted in June-August to September 2015 at the laboratory of the Regional Institute of Public Health in Gjilan. Determination of pH, and conductivity in 13 monitoring points [School], correspond the state standards ISO and AOAC, while the level of chemical contamination was higher in the monitoring point 10 [School Bukovik] the content of KMnO4 with 12.96 (mg / L O2 ), nitrites 12.7 mg / L O2, NO2 exceeds its admissibility. The results obtained from nitrates and nitrites in the monitoring point 1 [schools Cernice] with chemical pollution nitrites 12.7 mg / L O2, NO2, in the monitoring point 2 [schools Miresh] chemical pollution nitrites 11.4 mg / L O2, NO2 exceeded allowable values of drinking water in schools.
Keywords: monitoring point (schools) and the allowable values.
Introduction
Water is the only substance that exists naturally in the soil in three forms: the gases, liquid and solid form it is always in motion between them.
Water in three state contributes to the climate of the planet. Planet Earth contains 70% water, 97.5% is due from brackish water, 2.5 is fresh water, which is stored deep in Antarctica and Greenland.
Fresh water found in lakes, rivers, but also in artificial wells. These resources represent only
0.26% of the total freshwater on Earth is 12,07%. (World water Academy "Course book basic of wastewater treatment " Netherlans Enterprise Agency , 2015)
Water circulates in kind by geochemical or hydrological cycle this cycle involves three processes: sublimation-is the passage of a substance in a manner directly from the solid phase in gases without transfer in liquid.
Condensation-is the opposite of evaporation.
Transportation is water release from the plant in the form of steam ( Aliu M. , "Ligjerata te autorizuara" Mitrovice 2015).
Water is a chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen in the volumetric composition of 2:
1. Hydrogen is obtained by burning oxygen in the stream of the equation:
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O
Completely clean water doesn't have smell, taste, and color. In normal pressure of 760mm (Pillar mercury) boils at 100 ° C, and freezes at 0 °C. ( Supek Z. ,"Teknologjia " Prishtine 1997.)
Water is the simplest chemical formula H2O with molecular mass of 18 g / mol, the chemical composition is H, 11.11%, and O: 88.89%. The structure of the water molecule has great importance, because this flow structure and all his virtues. Thus the requirements for drinking water in the world level increased by 4% each year, in terms of current global, regional, national, and local for water quantity not the only challenge but also the quality. ( Aliu M. , "Ligjerata te autorizuara" Mitrovice 2015).
Material and methods of work
The samples were analyzed in 13 primary schools in the villages of the municipality of Gjilan. Measurement of pH that is carried out in the laboratory by means of pH meter, and the measurement of conductivity is carried through conductometer. Determination of consumption of potassium permanganate is to perform the method of Kubel. Determination of nitrate and nitrite is determined by the spectrophotometer where samples are taken from 25ml then we add 25ml of distilled water in order to become diluted in the ratio 1: 1, then roast 1mL HCL, temptation Pakes and lets to stay some minutes. After a little rest we take test tube and put in spectrophotometer. For a few seconds the computer monitor will show the results.
Table 1. Determination of pH and conductivity and potassium permanganate costs
pH Conductivity(^S/cm) Consumption value of KMnO4 (mg/L O2 )
Nr. sample Standard Results Standard Results Standard Results
1 6.5-9.5 7.40 1500 680 8-12 4.11
2 6.5-9.5 7.41 1500 1130 8-12 2.21
3 6.5-9.5 7.51 1500 630 8-12 2.53
4 6.5-9.5 7.56 1500 610 8-12 3.48
5 6.5-9.5 7.25 1500 960 8-12 3.16
6 6.5-9.5 7.49 1500 520 8-12 2.84
7 6.5-9.5 7.70 1500 650 8-12 3.48
8 6.5-9.5 7.42 1500 930 8-12 1.58
9 6.5-9.5 7.11 1500 690 8-12 1.58
10 6.5-9.5 6.93 1500 820 8-12 12.96
11 6.5-9.5 7.17 1500 720 8-12 2.84
12 6.5-9.5 8.01 1500 380 8-12 5.37
13 6.5-9.5 7.24 1500 660 8-12 2.53
Discussion of results
From the results obtained in Table 1 shows that of the 13 samples for determining pH and conductivity respond to state standards and ISO and AOAC standards. We have found that water has the standard of potable water, while the results obtained in determining the expenditure of permanganate potassium samples of 10-to exceed the permissible value it contains 12.96 mg / L O2 KMnO4, the ISO, where the standard should be 8-12.
In Table 2, the determination of nitrate and nitrite, the results obtained in the sample 1 = 12.7mg / L and 2 = 11.4 mg / L and 8 = 12.4 mg / L, have exceeded the permissible value based on state standards and ISO.
Table 2. Determination of nitrates and nitrites in schools
Nr sample Nitrates (mg/L)NO3 Nitrites (mg/L)NO2
Standard Results Standard Results
1 10 12.7 0.005 0.0009
2 10 11.4 0.005 0.0008
3 10 6.14 0.005 0.0000
4 10 0.10 0.005 0.0000
5 10 1.35 0.005 0.0000
6 10 0.13 0.005 0.001
7 10 1.25 0.005 0.000
8 10 12.4 0.005 0.001
9 10 0.34 0.005 0.00
10 10 2.9 0.005 0.00
11 10 4.8 0.005 0.0005
12 10 0.32 0.005 0.003
13 10 5.3 0.005 0.004
Conclusion
Permanganate, potassium (KMnO4) is preparation quality refractory oxide, but its use is limited only as an oxidant and not as disinfectant, drag internal supply school becomes flushed the system piping before and after the use of water drinking water and disinfection.
Nitrates in general are in trace amounts in surface water, but also can achieve higher levels in some groundwater. The main sources of nitrates in water are human waste and animal, use of fertilizers and chemicals through the drainage system. The highest level of nitrates (over 50 mg / L, can be a source for the disease known as syndrome methenoglobinemia or "blue baby" in baby and the pupils of the school.
Strict apply to all rules and legislation on quality and safety of drinking water in schools.
References
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