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0УДК 33 Atayewa A., Seyitmyradova G., Jorayev M.
Atayewa A.
teacher of the department of Economic management in enterprises Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Seyitmyradova G.
teacher of the department of Economic management in enterprises Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Jorayev M. student faculty of Economics and Management Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
METHODS OF DETERMINING THE VALUE OF AN ENTERPRISE'S PRODUCT AND THEIR GENERAL CONTENT
Аннотация: this article provides a brief overview of the methods used to determine the value of a company's product. It also discusses the methodology for calculating the initial purchase price and the costing functions as well as the general objectives of the company's development.
Ключевые слова: economics, management, business economics, finance, financial account, assets, intangible assets, competitiveness.
The methodology for calculating the initial prices of the purchase consists of the following stages: - setting the functions of price formation, - determining demand, - cost estimation, - analysis of competitors' prices and goods, - choosing a method of price formation, - setting the final grade.
Value creation functions are linked to overall company development goals. For example, for example, the main tasks that determine the general policy of an enterprise or a firm in terms of price formation can be attributed to: ensuring the "survival" of the enterprise, increasing the daily profit to the limit, taking the leadership in terms of the market share of the enterprise, etc. In the market economy, the following basic methods of measuring demand and supply are used to reveal the relationship between price, demand and supply: - consumer surveys, - conducting a direct market test based on trial sales at changing purchase prices in the market, -statistical methods that evaluate the indicators of demand and supply based on the rate of change of prices in a certain period of time.
Conducting a demand analysis allows you to calculate the maximum price a firm can ask for its product. The minimum price is usually determined by the cost of production, which is the sum of the costs associated with the production and distribution of the product. Accordingly, when setting prices, it is necessary to analyze the company's production costs and try to reduce these costs as much as possible.
Analyzing the information obtained from the study of the interrelationship of production volume, costs and benefits allows to find suitable management solutions to increase the competitiveness of the product and to ensure it. In particular, dividing costs into fixed and variable costs, analyzing their level and trends allows determining price ranges and types depending on the influence of various market factors.
Setting prices based on specific market conditions depends on the need to analyze the prices of competitors' goods. The effect of the competitive factor on the price level decision depends on the structure of the market, in particular, the number and type of companies operating. According to the chosen pricing strategy, the firm pays attention to the prices of competing firms. For example, in a price leadership strategy, a company sets the price of its goods based on the company that is the price leader, while in a competitive pricing strategy, the company lowers or keeps its price unchanged.
Among the more widespread methods of price formation in the market economy, the following can be pointed out: - "pricing" methods, - methods of calculating prices by elements, - methods based on fixed price determination, -methods of determining the price, taking into account the compensation of production costs, - incentive pricing methods.
Pricing methods are based on different methods of calculating the components of price - costs and benefits. They include full costing, average costing, maximum costing, standard manufacturing costing, and target profit methods. The full cost method involves accounting for the full cost of producing and selling a product, as well as the industry's annual average price, interest rate, average capital turnover rate, and industry concentration.
The average cost method differs from the previous method in that it calculates costs as components of cost. Average cost of production is determined by dividing total cost by the amount of product produced. In this, costs are divided into fixed and variable costs. The overhead method is used in case of projected expansion of production and distribution. In this case, the maximum costs are used in the calculation of prices, as such costs are understood as changes in the amount of total costs per unit of product as a result of the increase in production volume. In other words, marginal costs represent the costs associated with producing an additional unit of output.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Law of Turkmenistan "On State Support of Small and Medium Entrepreneurs". - Ashgabat, 2009;
2. Law of Turkmenistan "On Enterprises". - Ashgabat, 2000
