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Eraliyev I. U. assistant
Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies
METHODS FOR ACCOUNTING FOR WEEDS IN AGRICULTURE AND DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF SOIL CONTAMINATION
Annotation. The Acorn is one of the main plants cultivated in the world. In most Acorns, 19-21 million are grown annually. tons of fiber are collected. The Andijan region consists in determining the optimal norms of the new Samara and UzDEF defoliants used in the medium-fiber Andijan-35 Acorn variety, which is being cared for in the conditions of light-colored oxalic soils of the Oltinkol agroclaster, and studying the effect on the cotton crop. Due to the growing population in the world, most of the signs of crop fields in agriculture are high, and the quality of fiber is one of the urgent tasks to obtain a cotton dressing that meets the requirements of World templates.
Keywords: Acorn, defoliant UzDEF-K, Avguron ekstra, application norm, duration, growth, development, productivity, economic efficiency.
Enter. Cotton plant is one of the main plants cultivated in the world. In most cotton-growing countries, 19-21 mln. Tons of fibers are collected. Due to the increase in the world's population, most of the characteristics of arable land in agriculture are high, and obtaining a cotton crop that meets the requirements of world standards is one of the urgent tasks.
It is impossible to provide the country's population with food products without the production of high-quality products from agricultural crops. Indiscriminate use of chemical plant protection agents and mineral fertilizers causes environmental pollution. In order to prevent such a risk, it is necessary not only to radically change the provision of agriculture with the necessary mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection agents, but also to increase the demand for strict compliance with agrochemical rules. A lot of research is being carried out by world scientists, including researchers from Australia, China, India, the USA and several other countries, to obtain a high and high-quality harvest from cotton.
Cotton seeds of the medium-fiber Andijan-35 cotton variety on April 10, 2022 in the 90x10-1 scheme, taking into account the equal use of light, water and nutrients by the plant depending on the irrigation method planted The experimental variants were 15 m long and 6 m wide. The total area of the plots was 90 m2. The effect of defoliants on the opening of cotton bolls If cotton defoliation is carried out on time and in good quality based on scientific recommendations, after 10-12 days, more than 85-90 percent of the leaves are shed. the pores open up to 90 percent. Then the cotton harvest will be organized, the weight of the first crop will increase, and the main part of the crop will be
transferred to high varieties. As a result, the economic interest of farms increases. In order to determine the opening level of bolls in cotton fields, a 10 m2 area was determined by envelope method from 5 places along the diagonal of each field. The actual thickness of seedlings in this area, the total number of pods in each bush and the number of opened pods are determined, and the average degree of pod opening is calculated. Depending on the obtained result, the type of defoliant, duration and rate were determined for this contour. It also depends on the optimal standards of defoliants used. Under the influence of defoliants, cotton leaves fell in 12-15 days and the flow of nutrients went to the bolls. As a result, the bolls ripened and opened in 20-25 days. According to the results of phenological observation and analysis, 30-40% of the cotton bolls in the experimental area were opened during the opening period, after 14 days in the control option without defoliation. It was noted that the number of opened cysts was 67.3%, half-opened ones were 1.8%, and the opening rate of cysts was 32.5%. Liquid XMD 7.0 l/ha was used 2- in the variant, the number of open cysts after 14 days was 79.9%, half-opened cysts were equal to 1.5%, the opening rate of cysts was 43.2%, and the opening rate was 10.7% compared to the control was high. In the 3rd option, which used 6.0 l/ha, after 14 days, the number of blisters opened was 78.8%, half-opened ones were 1.1%, and the rate of blister opening It was 43.6%, and the rate of opening was 11.1% higher than the control. In option 4, which used 7.0 l/s, the number of blisters opened after 14 days was 82.1%., half-opened ones were equal to 2.2%, the opening rate of the pods was 46.5%, and the opening rate was 14.0% higher than the control. UzDEF 6.0 l/ha was applied to - in the variant, the number of open cysts after 14 days was 84.6%, half-opened cysts were equal to 1.7%, the opening rate of the cysts was 49.2%, and the opening rate was 16.7% compared to the control was higher. In option 6, where UzDEF 7.0 l/h was used, after 14 days, the number of open blisters was 85.8%, and the number of half-opened blisters was 1.4%. rate was 50.0%, the opening rate was 17.5% higher than the control.
That is, it can be concluded from the results of the experiment that the increase in productivity is obtained when UzDEF is applied to 7.0 l/h in the defoliation of cotton plants, the shedding of leaves is 92.4%, the opening of pods is 85 was 8%. Also, special attention should be paid to the biological characteristics of cotton varieties during defoliation. Because the defoliant has different effects on cotton varieties. In particular, mid-season cotton varieties, that is, the leaf blade is large, thick, less sensitive to defoliants when the leaf blade is large, and fast cotton varieties with a small and thin leaf blade. and its effectiveness will be high. If the daily air temperature during the defoliation period is below 17 degrees, this norm should be increased by 15-20%. As a result of the gentle action of the defoliant, the physiological and biological processes in the plant continue continuously, the young pods mature, their opening process accelerates, and as a result, the cotton yield increases by 1.5-2 centners. in the researches, it was noted that in the period of 30-40% opening of the bolls of the
cotton variety, in the version of UzDEF defoliant applied at the rate of 7.0 l/ha, the leaves were shed at a high level. Therefore, in studying the effect of defoliants on the opening period of cotton bolls, it is important to use them in acceptable standards.
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