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Turakulova Kh.S.
lecturer
Department of Language and Global Studies "Silk Road" International University of Tourism and Cultural Heritage
Uzbekistan, Samarkand
METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING ENGLISH
Abstract. This article talks about the methods used in teaching English in the education system at the present time.
Key words. Modern method, education, foreign language, method, method, teacher, information technology, teaching process.
In modern society, foreign languages are becoming an important component of professional education. People first learn such knowledge at school, college, lyceum, and then at institutes, training courses or independently by getting acquainted with the basic information sets that help to learn a foreign language. Today, there are large collections of educational materials for people with different levels of language skills. Success in achieving this goal depends on the practical methods and skills of teachers. Today, the ability to know foreign languages is becoming one of the integral parts of our life. Due to the high rate of cooperation with foreign partners among specialists in various fields, there is a high demand for them to learn the language. In modern society, foreign languages are becoming an important component of professional education. People learn such knowledge first in pre-school educational institutions and then at school, then in institutes, training courses or independently. Success in achieving this goal depends on the practical methods and skills of teachers. The ability to use information technology and modern teaching methods helps to quickly understand new materials. By combining different methods, the teacher is able to solve specific educational programs. In teaching English, it is best to teach in stages based on the learner's potential and level, age. According to psychologists, children learn language faster and easier than adults.
As our first president Islam Karimov noted: "Currently, teaching foreign languages is of great importance in our country. This is certainly not for nothing. Today, for our country, which is striving to take its rightful place in the world community, in solidarity with our foreign partners, there is no need to overestimate the importance of perfect knowledge of foreign languages for our nation, which is building its great future in cooperation."
At the heart of any teaching methodology lies the understanding of language acquisition theories. The most influential of these is the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach, which emphasizes the development of learners' communicative competence through authentic language use. CLT is built upon the premise that language is a tool for communication, and therefore,
learners should be encouraged to engage in meaningful interactions that foster linguistic and cultural understanding. This approach has been instrumental in shifting the focus from grammatical accuracy to functional language use, thereby enabling learners to navigate real-life situations with confidence.
One of the most popular methods within the CLT framework is the Task-Based Learning (TBL) approach. TBL involves presenting learners with authentic tasks that require them to use language to achieve a specific goal, such as writing an email, participating in a meeting, or making a presentation. By engaging learners in purposeful activities, TBL promotes language use in context, develops problem-solving skills, and enhances learner autonomy. Moreover, TBL's emphasis on real-life scenarios helps learners to develop a sense of agency and ownership over their language learning process.
Another influential methodology is the Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approach, which integrates language instruction with subject-matter learning. CLIL is particularly effective in content-rich subjects like science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), where language is used as a tool for learning and communication. By combining language and content learning, CLIL fosters a deeper understanding of subject matter, promotes critical thinking, and develops learners' ability to articulate complex ideas.
In addition to these approaches, various teaching techniques have been developed to support language instruction. One such technique is the use of authentic materials, which exposes learners to real-life language use and helps them develop an ear for natural language patterns. Authentic materials can range from news articles, videos, and podcasts to social media posts, songs, and films. By incorporating these materials into the classroom, teachers can create an immersive learning environment that simulates real-life communication.
Technology has also revolutionized the methodology of teaching English, offering a plethora of digital tools and resources that can enhance language instruction. Online learning platforms, language learning apps, and multimedia resources have made it possible to provide personalized instruction, facilitate collaboration, and offer instant feedback. Furthermore, technology has enabled teachers to create virtual learning environments that transcend geographical boundaries, allowing learners to engage with native speakers and access authentic language resources.
Despite the numerous benefits of these methodologies and techniques, there are also limitations and challenges to consider. One of the primary concerns is the need for teacher training and professional development. Effective implementation of CLT, TBL, and CLIL approaches requires teachers to possess a deep understanding of language acquisition theories, pedagogical principles, and subject-matter expertise. Moreover, the integration of technology into language instruction demands a high level of digital literacy and technical expertise.
Another challenge lies in catering to diverse learner needs and abilities. Language learners bring with them unique experiences, motivations, and learning
styles, which can make it difficult to design a one-size-fits-all approach. Teachers must be able to adapt their methodologies to accommodate learners with varying levels of proficiency, learning disabilities, and cultural backgrounds.
Different styles are also emerging in language teaching. A step-by-step approach to teaching English based on the learner's potential, level, and age gives good results. In this case, students are divided into groups based on teaching at the primary level, teaching at the middle level, and teaching at the higher level. A special program is developed by the teacher for each stage.
In our republic, new methods and requirements have been developed in accordance with the European Framework of Reference for Teaching Foreign Languages and the Evaluation of Knowledge and Skills of Foreign Language Teachers (CEFR). According to it, textbooks were created for students of general education schools and vocational colleges. In accordance with these requirements, classrooms were equipped with stands and new information and communication techniques. The demand for learning a foreign language is increasing day by day. Foreign language science is divided into four aspects (reading, speaking, listening comprehension and speaking), and separate concepts and skills are given for each of them. Educational technologies are effective use of modern information technologies in the educational process. It also provides for increasing the quality and efficiency of education by introducing modern innovative technologies into the educational process. In particular, there are several advantages of using such information and communication technologies in learning a foreign language. The role of modern technology in language learning and teaching is incomparable. The use of technological tools is useful in every aspect of learning a foreign language (reading, reading, listening and speaking).
For example, in order to listen and understand, of course, this process cannot be carried out without a computer, player, CD discs. Listening comprehension is one of the most important parts of language learning. At the same time, the reader is required to pay attention to the speaker's pronunciation, adherence to grammatical rules, vocabulary and its meanings. An important factor in the use of modern technologies in the educational process is that students know information and communication technologies well and are able to use them. Teaching and learning a foreign language using modern technologies is one of the most fruitful ways. In this process, including:
- when using computers, students can watch and listen to foreign language video clips, demonstrations, dialogues, movies or cartoons
- it is possible to listen and watch foreign language radio broadcasts and television programs;
- use of tape recorders and cassettes, which are considered a more traditional method;
- CD players can be used.
The use of these technical tools makes the process of learning a foreign language more interesting and effective for students.
In recent times, the number of people of all ages learning English is increasing day by day. Because, in the process of life, living without understanding the English language is becoming more and more difficult. But learning a language is also at a young age. Even scientists have proven that children learn languages faster and easier than adults. The main reasons for this are children's natural tendency to learn a language, their strong ability to imitate, children's time to learn a language more than adults, and their quick memory of learned information. The following innovative methods can be used to teach English in a meaningful and interesting way:
•Visual recall It is known that young children remember more what they see than what they hear. Therefore, the lesson is taught with the help of various visual aids, posters, something visible and often used in everyday life, teaching new vocabulary by writing on objects, and different sentences with the participation of the new vocabulary learned.
For example, writing on a copybook, chair, blackboard, pen, window, etc. Because these things that are used a lot in daily life are always visible and always used, the child learns these words involuntarily.
English language teaching methodology, general (speech orientation, limited and integral teaching, solving exercises, taking into account language experience), special (teaching English using speech samples, language exercises and speech practice), interdependence of types of speech activity, development of oral speech, approach to natural speech in a foreign language, further improvement of the elementary stage), special (teaching grammar, teaching vocabulary, teaching reading and the principles of using speech writing in English language teaching) have been developed. We considered a communicative approach to teaching foreign languages in primary education when summarizing pedagogical principles.
Students of the bachelor's level of education are required to learn the methodology of foreign language teaching in schools, to acquire practical knowledge of the methodology of teaching foreign languages to children in the process of independent learning.
Today, teaching through interactive games is becoming a tradition in schools. It is known that the lesson is conducted on the basis of various games, which ensures that students demonstrate their capabilities, concentrate, improve their knowledge and skills, and become stronger.
The basis of the use of game technology is the activity that activates and accelerates the student. According to psychologists, the psychological mechanisms of playful activity rely on the fundamental needs of a person to express himself, find a stable place in life, self-control, and realize his potential. Any game should be based on generally accepted educational principles and tactics. Educational games should be based on educational subjects. In the process of games, the student is more interested in this activity than in a regular lesson and works freely. It should be noted that the game is, first of all, a method of
teaching. Pupils participate in game lessons with interest, strive to win, and the teacher also provides education to the pupil through them. The student believes that he can speak, listen, understand, and write in English while playing games, he is interested. We know that in the current educational process, the student should be the subject. Focusing more on interactive methods will increase the effectiveness of education. One of the most important requirements for English language classes is to teach students to think independently.
Today, English language teachers are using the following innovative methods based on the experience of pedagogues from the United States of America and England:
- To apply this method of "Creative Problem Solving", the beginning of the story is read and the students' judgment is referred to how it ends;
- "Merry Riddles" teaching riddles to students is important in teaching English, they learn unfamiliar words and find the answer to a riddle;
- "Quick answers" helps to improve the effectiveness of the lesson;
- "Warm-up exercises" using various games in the classroom to make students interested in the lesson;
- "Pantomime" (pantomime) this method can be used in a lesson where very difficult topics need to be explained or when written exercises are done and students are tired;
- "A chain story" method helps students to develop oral speech;
- "Acting characters" method can be used in all types of lessons. In order to teach the profession, people in professions such as "Interpreter", "Translator", "Writer", "Poet" can participate in the class and talk with students;
- "Thinkers meeting" poets and writers such as U. Shakespeare, A. Navoi, R. Burns can be "invited". At such a time, using the wise words they said in the lesson will help young people to be brought up as perfect people;
- The "When pictures speak" method is very convenient and helps to teach English and develop the oral speech of students, for this it is necessary to use pictures related to the topic;
- Quiz cards are distributed according to the number of students and allow all students to participate in the lesson at the same time, which saves time.
As we have seen, each innovative technology has its own advantages. In all such methods, cooperation between the teacher and the student, the active action of the student in the educational process is envisaged.
In conclusion, it should be said that traditional and interactive teaching methods are used in the process of teaching foreign language teaching methods in schools. The methodology of teaching English is a complex and multifaceted field that requires a deep understanding of language acquisition theories, pedagogical principles, and learner needs. By embracing a range of approaches, methods, and techniques, teachers can create an inclusive and engaging learning environment that fosters linguistic competence, cultural understanding, and critical thinking. As the demand for English language proficiency continues to grow, it is essential
that language teachers remain committed to ongoing professional development, innovation, and adaptation, ensuring that their methodologies remain relevant, effective, and responsive to the needs of 21st-century learners.
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