CC BY
9
УДК 374
Alimova E.A.
department of biological physics, informatics, medical technologies
Andijan State Medical Institute
METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES OF TEACHING COMPUTER
TECHNOLOGIES
Abstract: This article discusses current issues of computer technology education. The basics of using a computer are taught.
Key words: computer, technical equipment, internet, global network, local network.
The use of personal computers makes it possible to simplify the development, replication and use of didactic and scientific materials, improve the quality of education, and meet the realities of today. Undoubtedly, the competent and complex use of information computer technologies provides students, teachers, and researchers with the opportunity to more efficiently allocate their time and realize their creative potential.
Without information technology, it is no longer possible to imagine education, work, and indeed modern life. Currently, the institute, gymnasium, school, technical school, and sometimes even a kindergarten are equipped with the latest computer technology. A variety of hardware and software, a rapid change in generations of computers, operating systems and application programs (including educational ones) leads to the fact that not only beginners, but also more experienced users do not effectively use the potential of modern information technologies in education.
Personal computers are produced in the following designs: stationary (desktop) and portable. The most common are desktop PCs, which allow for easy reconfiguration.
Consider the IBM compatible desktop personal computer. The composition of the PC is called the configuration. Since modern computers have a block - modular design, the necessary hardware configuration can be implemented from ready-made nodes and blocks (modules) manufactured by various manufacturers.
Device compatibility is a fundamental principle of the open architecture that IBM has come up with. This was the impetus for mass production of both individual components and computers.
The basic configuration includes devices without which a modern PC cannot work:
system unit;
a keyboard that provides information input to a computer;
mouse manipulator, facilitating the input of information into the computer;
monitor designed to display text and graphic information.
In personal computers produced in a portable version, the system unit, monitor and keyboard are combined into one housing. The system unit is a metal box with a removable lid that houses various computer devices.
According to the shape of the body are:
Desktop - flat cases (horizontal arrangement), they are usually placed on a table and used as a monitor stand.
Tower - elongated in the form of towers (vertical arrangement), usually located on the floor.
Cases vary in size, the indicated prefixes Super, Big, Midi, Micro, Tiny, Flex, Mini, Slim indicate the dimensions of the cases. On the front wall of the case there are buttons "Power" - Start, "Reset" - Restart, indicators of power and progress of the PC.
The following ports are located on the back wall of the case of modern PCs (more precisely, they can be placed):
Game - for gaming devices (for connecting a joystick)
VGA - integrated into the motherboard VGA - controller for connecting a monitor for an office or business PC
COM - asynchronous serial (denoted COM1-COMZ). A mouse, modem, etc. are usually connected through them.
PS / 2 - asynchronous serial ports for connecting a keyboard and mouse
LPT - parallel (designated LPT1-LPT4), printers are usually connected to
them
USB - universal interface for connecting 127 devices (this interface can be located on the front or side wall of the case)
IEEE-1394 (FireWire) - interface for transferring large amounts of video information in real time (for connecting digital cameras, external hard drives, scanners and other high-speed equipment). All digital video cameras are equipped with the FireWire interface. It can also be used to create local networks.
IRDA - infrared ports are designed for wireless connection of pocket or notebook PCs or cell phones to a desktop computer. Communication is provided under the condition of direct visibility, the data transfer range is not more than 1 m. If the PC does not have a built-in iRDA adapter, then it can be made in the form of an additional external device (USB iRDA adapter) connected via a USB port.
Bluetooth ("bluetooth") is a high-speed microwave standard that allows you to transfer data over distances up to 10 meters. If there is no built-in Bluetooth adapter, then it can be made in the form of an additional external device (USB bluetooth adapter) connected via a USB port. USB bluetooth
adapters are designed to wirelessly connect pocket or notebook PCs, or cell phones to a desktop computer.
Sound card connectors: for connecting speakers, microphone and line-out It should be noted that the presence or absence of the listed ports in a PC depends on its cost and the level of modernity.
The main components of the computer are located in the system unit: A system or motherboard (motherboard) on which daughter boards (device controllers, adapters, or cards) and other electronic devices are installed
a power supply unit that converts the mains power supply into low-voltage direct current for computer electronic circuits;
a hard disk drive designed to read and write to a non-removable hard magnetic disk (hard drive).
optical disc drives (such as DVD - RW or CD - RW) designed to read and write to compact discs
floppy disk drives (or drives) used to read and write to floppy disks; cooling devices.
Information is entered by moving the cursor to a certain area of the screen and briefly pressing the buttons of the manipulator or clicking (single or double). According to the principle of operation, manipulators are divided into mechanical, optomechanical and optical.
Notebook PCs use trackballs and pointers as mice. The combination of a monitor and a mouse provides an interactive mode of operation of the user with a computer, this is the most convenient and modern type of user interface.
Microsoft has released a new set of keyboard and mouse designed for desktop PCs. The product is called Natural Ergonomic Desktop 7000 and uses wireless technology.
Monitors are devices that serve to provide an interactive mode of the user's work with a computer by displaying graphic and symbolic information on the screen. In graphics mode, the screen consists of dots (pixels from the English pixel - picture element, picture element), obtained by dividing the screen into columns and rows.
In plasma monitors, the image is formed using a matrix of pixels, as in LCD monitors. The principle of operation of a plasma panel is a controlled cold discharge of a rarefied gas (xenon or neon) in an ionized state (cold plasma).
A pixel forms a group of three subpixels responsible for the three primary colors, which are microchambers, on the walls of which there is a fluorescent substance of one of the primary colors. This is one of the most promising flat panel display technologies.
The advantages of plasma monitors are that they do not have image flicker, the picture has high contrast and clarity throughout the display, they have good visibility from any angle and a small panel thickness. The disadvantages include - a large power consumption.
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