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113GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES
METHODOLOGICAL FEATURES AND PROBLEMS OF ASSESSMENT OF TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL RESOURCES OF THE TERRITORY
Grdzelishvili N.,
Georgian Technical University
The Center Studying Productive Forces and Natural Resources of Georgia-Senior Researcher,
Doctor of economics;
New Higher Education Institute, professor Kvaratskhelia L.
Georgian Technical University
The Center Studying Productive Forces and Natural Resources of Georgia-Senior Researcher,
Doctor of chemistry
ABSTRACT
The article presents the results of a study of theoretical approaches to the problem of economic assessment of the tourism and recreational potential of the territory. The authors identify approaches to the economic assessment of recreational resources and present a developed classification of methods for the economic assessment of recreational resources. The territory of Georgia is a classic country of vertical zoning of geographical landscapes.
Keywords: tourist and recreational potential, economic evaluation, regional tourism, tourism development, territory.
Introduction
Tourism development is an important task of the state. Despite the appearance of a significant number of scientific publications reflecting various aspects of the economic development of regional tourism in Georgia, attention is drawn to the fact that there is insufficient scientific study of theoretical and methodological issues of assessing the resource potential of regional tourism development. In this regard, for effective management of the tourism resource base, the tasks of system-atization of known approaches to the assessment of tourist resources, improvement of the methodology for assessing the resources of tourism development are set. [1]
There are 102 resorts and 182 tourist resort places in Georgia today. More than 2 thousand mineral waters have been identified in our country. Tskaltubo, Bor-jomi, Shovi, Bakhmaro, Kazbegi districts are distinguished by their numbers of resorts. Also noteworthy is the healing mud in Akhtala and Kumis. Our country nature allows the best to develop both summer and winter tourism. [9] Georgia's mountainous landscape, peaks of varying complexity, and the existence of snow cover for some time, provide a good opportunity for the development of winter sports and mountaineering. The development of tourism-recreational economy largely depends on the economic and political situation in the country. [10] When discussing recreational resources, first and foremost attention is paid to the climate as the most important factors of recreation and treatment. Large amplitudes of relief in our country at certain times of the year create favorable conditions for the creation of a so-called "comfortable climate". Here the specifics of the climate are determined by the interaction of sun, radiation, atmospheric circulation and difficult terrain. The highest rate of solar integral and especially ultraviolet radiation is observed in mountainous areas, which significantly contributes to the healing properties of mountain climate. For example, the best
conditions for the treatment of bronchial asthma are in Bakuriani, for the treatment of tuberculosis - in Abas-tumani and Tsem. The stunning nature of Georgia, the diverse landscape, the Caucasus ridge covered with constant snow and glaciers, the velvety subtropical zone of the Black Sea, the watery rivers and the exotic waterfalls, the original karst caves, mountain and seaside resorts, ancient cultural monuments, in general, rich recreational resources create favorable conditions for the development of the resort economy. The territory of Georgia is a classic country of vertical zoning of geographical landscapes.
Results and Analysis
At the moment, the economic policy of the regions is shifting its focus towards the rational and careful use of the reserves of available natural resources and the effective use of other resources of the region (economic, including organizational, labor, financial, material, and information resources). Under these conditions, tourism can be used as a tool for the socio-economic development of regions, which makes it possible to effectively use the natural resource potential of the territory and ensure the growth of GRP.
The resort tourism industry is one of the most important sectors of the economy in the world, its development is directly related to the geographical location of a given region, topography, vegetation Cover, fauna, ecology, weather and climate. Weather and climate -these are the two main factors, which determines the bioclimatic resources of the place. In many countries great attention is paid to evaluation and sustainable management of tourism and recreational resources. [8]
Recreation (from the Latin "recreatio") is the restoration and development of a person's physical and spiritual strength through outdoor recreation. Recreational resources are natural phenomena, natural, natural-anthropogenic and man-made objects, as well as objects of economic activity that have uniqueness, originality, exoticism, aesthetic appeal, accessibility, health-
improving and socio-cultural significance for recreational activities and are used for organizing various forms and types of recreation. [2]
In studying the tourist and recreational potential of the region, it is necessary to rely on a systematic approach that allows us to determine a comprehensive assessment of the factors of formation of tourist and recreational potential, taking into account their interrelations.
Of great importance is the development and use of integrated system methods for evaluating recreational activities in health resorts. There are very few such works, and they are of a specific regional nature. An important point in the study of recreational activities on the territory of health-improving areas is to determine the system of rational nature management. [3]
Conditions for the development of regional tourism are based on the territorial resource component, the main structural elements of which are natural recreational resources and climatic conditions. The combination of natural recreational resources together with natural conditions forms the natural recreational potential. [4] natural recreational resources of the territory can be represented as the following components:
1. natural and recreational resources of the territory: landscapes, water, land, forest resources-taking into account their uniqueness, aesthetic appeal, healing and health significance, exoticism, as well as the technical feasibility and economic feasibility of involvement in recreational activities.
2. Natural conditions of the territory: geographical location, climatic characteristics-taking into account their impact on the possibility of organizing recreational activities.
3. environmental conditions of the territory: the state of the natural environment - the assessment of their impact on the possibility of involving the natural conditions and resources of the territory in the sphere of recreation.
The assessment of Natural and recreational resources of the region was carried out in the context of its municipal subjects according to the following indicators:
1. provision of the subject with natural and recreational resources
Sij - area of the I-th resource type of the j-th subject;
Si - area of the j-th subject.
The coefficient of comfort and attractiveness of natural conditions and resources of the subject is calculated by the formula:
Where VJ npn - is an indicator of the availability of natural and recreational resources of the j-th subject;
N1J n - value of the coefficient of provision of the ith type with resources of the j-th subject;
K1- weight coefficient of the indicator.
Coefficients of provision of natural and recreational resources of subjects were determined by the formula:
where Nij - is the coefficient of provision of the ith type of resources of the j-th subject;
where Wi - is the coefficient of comfort and attrac-
tiveness of the i-th type of resource or natural conditions of the j-th subject;
tij - value of the indicator of the I-th type of resource or natural conditions of the j-th subject in points;
Gj - the total value of indicators in points of the Ith type of resource or natural conditions of all subjects.
Economic assessment of natural recreational resources is one of the most complex and undeveloped problems of economic science. For a long time, natural resources were outside the scope of the economic assessment system. This is because the concept of free natural resources was widespread.
The essence of the economic assessment of natural resources is determined by the specifics of their use value, interpreted, on the one hand, as utility, on the other - as a carrier of value and a material element of wealth. The utility of an item is determined by preference, which eliminates the uncertainty of choice. [5]
For the economic assessment of natural recreational resources, it is necessary to develop estimated indicators of their social value, reflecting the ability of resources to meet the needs of the population in sanatorium treatment, recreation and tourism, the socio-economic effect of recreational nature management, as well as the effectiveness of natural resources development in various areas of use. The latter is important for choosing the optimal environmental management option. An economic assessment of natural resources can be made based on the cost of replacing the estimated natural resource with a similar one in another place. This takes into account development costs and increased transport costs. But for agricultural, industrial and other uses of natural resources, it is not difficult to find equivalents in other areas to meet their needs. The uniqueness of Georgia's natural resources for recreation and its limited territory make the use value of Georgia's recreational potential very high, which is confirmed by sociological research.
Economic assessment is the most important, because it allows you to assess the effectiveness of the use of tourist resources and the effectiveness of the development of new tourist territories. There are several approaches to the economic assessment of recreational resources of the territory.
1. the Cost approach is based on determining the amount of incurred or necessary costs of public labor for the development, reproduction/restoration or replacement of tourist and recreational resources. This approach is applicable only to a small number of tourist and recreational resources, in addition, it does not take into account the effectiveness of their use
2. the Revenue approach is to determine the value of the object of assessment based on the expected amount of income, the time of their receipt and risks. For evaluation, it is necessary to determine the net operating income from the object of evaluation and the capitalization or discount ratio, the ratio of which allows you to evaluate the object.
3. the Comparative approach is based on comparing the object being evaluated with similar objects in terms of utility, with corrections that take into account the differences between them.
4. the Rent approach to the assessment of tourist and recreational resources and potential of the territory is based on differential rent. Tourist rent is considered as a real source of additional financial resources to the country's budget. The mechanism for determining rent is to establish payments for natural resources management, which depend on the intensity of use of tourist resources. Rent assessment allows you to determine the additional costs that may arise due to the retirement of a certain resource from operation (for example, replacing recreational use of the forest with operational use). The methodology for determining rent assessment has not yet been finalized.
5. non-Market approaches to valuation consist in determining the amount that a society, society or individual is willing to spend on preserving the object of valuation and / or using it. [6]
It should be noted that the economic assessment of tourist resources also involves the analysis of indicators of the effectiveness of the use of tourist resources in the region, reflecting the quantitative volume of sales of tourist services and their quality. Economic assessment of tourist and recreational resources and potential of the territory is of great economic importance.
Conclusions
Georgia is one of those rare countries that have almost all natural resort and recreational resources. [7]. The necessity to increase attention to the development of tourism in the regions of Georgia is obvious. The existing high tourist potential of most regions is poorly used, as evidenced by Geostat data showing the presence of a disparity in tourist flows.
The creation of a single integrated model of the inventory of tourist resources is necessary for integrated planning of tourism development in a particular region. It is the basis for the development of targeted programs and concepts for the development of tourism in the regions. Drawing up the inventory of tourist resources will reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the
territory both from the point of view of specialists and from the point of view of tourists.
The analysis of the natural and recreational potential of the territory can be used in the formation of environmental passports of municipalities, tourist passports of natural objects, drawing up tourist routes, used in the formation of investment passports of territories, drawing up regional tourism development programs, programs of socio-economic development of the region, which, in our opinion, can help attract additional investment and replenish the regional budget.
References
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