CC BY
9
DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-2-45-50
Marksmanship training of young biathletes taking into consideration age
related characteristics
Svetlana N. Zvereva'*, Ildus G. Gibadullin2
'Sevastopol State University Sevastopol, Russia ORCID: 0000-0001-9164-9275, [email protected]* 2 M.T. Kalashnikov State Technical University, Izhevsk, Izhevsk, Russia ORCID: 0000-0001-6386-1121, [email protected]
Abstract: Marksmanship training takes a central place in sports training of young biathletes. It includes training the shooting technique in order to form a rational technique of an accurate and quick shooting. A professional shooter is brought up at the stage of the initial training. It is important to take into account age related characteristics of young biathletes. Materials. The article is about the problems of marksmanship training of biathletes. We present the results of biathletes' marksmanship training after technical means (optical shooting system "Eko-Aims", shooting training complex "CKATT") realization. Research methods. Information sources and special literature analysis, testing biathletes in shooting, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. On the basis of scientific-methodical and special literature analysis there was the search for the ways of problems solution in juvenile sports. We revealed the necessity to take into consideration age-related characteristics of biathletes and the effectiveness of technical means use and planning educational-training process of marksmanship training on this base. We defined the level of marksmanship training in young biathletes and the effectiveness of shooting exercises with the training means use. Conclusion. Technical means use influences effectively marksmanship training of young biathletes as it increases the opportunity to organize lessons in any conditions, provides mistakes correction, decreases ammunition and time spent during a training lesson. The effectiveness of shooting according to the results of control tests has the connection between the kinds of shooting exercises.
Keywords: age-related characteristics of young athletes, marksmanship training, technical means.
For citation: Svetlana N. Zvereva*, Ildus G. Gibadullin. Marksmanship training of young biathletes taking
into consideration age related characteristics. Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2021;
16(2): 41-45. DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-2-45-50
URGENCY
Marksmanship training takes a central place in sports training of young biathletes. It includes training the shooting technique in order to form a rational technique of an accurate and quick shooting. A professional shooter is brought up at the stage of the initial training. It is important to take into account age related characteristics of young biathletes.
Scientific-methodical literature analysis showed that the age-related component and typological personal characteristics of young biathletes can become main ones in training a professional- a highly-qualified athlete. Specialists very often don't take into consideration optimal age-
related periods for the highest results achievement, as a result they speed up training of the athletes. The aim is to achieve results during juvenile age without taking into account the state of an athlete during the transfer into juniors groups and adult athletes. It should be noted that the aim of the coaches shouldn't be the training of the definite amount of athletes, who have categories [1,2,3,4,5].
Biathlon nowadays demands high level of health state and physical potential. It helps to support high level of working capacity during many years. However, achieving relatively high results during childhood and one's early days in many cases can't guarantee a teen-agers progress in the future and it doesn't mean that a person would break the
records during the peak of his physical power. The main criterion of a coach's work should be the result of his long-term work, evaluated according to the level of graduates' readiness at a sports school for children and teen-agers. [4]
Coaches, who work with young biathletes, understand that they have to realize a difficult objective. They have to develop young athletes' skill of a stable effective shooting. That is why it is necessary to lay the basis of marksmanship training during the initial period of training using technical means. Athletes' success depends on how marksmanship training was realized at the initial and further stages of training [3].
At the initial stage of training a young athlete should master the main elements of a shooting technique: ready position with a correct and convenient body, legs and hands position; correct gun capture and holding; the ways of trigger, respiration control; correct aiming, muscle efforts distribution during the gun holding.
Aiming is a difficult psychomotor process. The higher technical mastery is, the more precisely an athlete distributes own efforts during trigger squeezing, in order to combine the moment of shooting with the highest level of gun steadiness. This ability should be formed among biathletes at the stage of initial training. Special training of a young biathlete should include the exercises for actions coordination development during trigger control [1, 2].
Thus, the main objective of the initial training stage is to form such skills in shooting. They would provide constant increase of technical mastery during long-term sport activity taking into consideration the peculiarities of development, the dynamics of motor qualities and young organism functional abilities development. [2]
Sorokin S.G. (2007) supposed that technical means use by young biathletes considerably increases the effectiveness and decreases the period of accurate shooting skills mastering. [5,6,7,8,9].
Technical means realization in marksmanship training of young biathletes helps to bring up their sense of tempo, operational accuracy. Athletes can get information about shooting in a form of the target hitting and deviation, results
which helps to correct the technique of shooting.
The aim of this research work is to substantiate the effectiveness of technical means in marksmanship training of young biathletes.
The objectives of the research:
1. To define the level of marksmanship training in young biathletes and the effectiveness of marksmanship trainings programs use.
2. To substantiate practically the peculiarities of marksmanship training of young biathletes using technical means at the initial stage of training.
We suppose that technical means use by young biathletes at the age of 10-13 years old would help to increase the basic level of shooting technique during the process of teaching and marksmanship training development.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research was held during the preparatory period of training with young 10-13 year-old biathletes of sports schools for children and teen-agers (16 people). The following shooting exercises were included into the educational-training program, all results were registered in points:
1) air rifle shooting, 10 shots;
2) shooting an optical shooting system "Eko-Aims", 10 shots;
3) shooting small-bore rifle using a shooting training simulator "SKATT", 10 shots.
The received results of training were registered in a protocol of shooting for further indices analysis: tempo, operational accuracy and shooting deviation.
In terms of the training lessons we realized the exercises with technical means use.
Table presents the plan-diagram of technical means realization at the training lessons in a weekly micro cycle. The realization was during the main part of the training lesson as the main objective of the training. At each lesson the amount of shots was defined depending on biathletes readiness. At the same time the initial amount of shots (10 shots) was made by each biathlete. Within one lesson the amount of shots could reach 40 shots, if an athlete showed an accurate and quick shot as the proof of a perfect shooting technique.
Table - Model plan-diagram of technical means realization in marksmanship training of young biathletes in a weekly micro cycle of training
Weekdays Technical means
air rifle optical shooting system "Eko-Aims" shooting training simulator "SKATT " Dosage
Monday + + + 10 shots
Tuesday + + + 10 shots
Wednesday + + + 10 shots
Thursday -
Friday + + + 10 shots
Saturday + + + 10 shots
Fig. The results of shooting in young biathletes during the preparatory period, using technical means
The picture presents the results of shooting change in biathletes during the preparatory period during technical means use since June till November. This period included 25 micro cycles. The results of shooting were registered separately both of optical shooting system "Eko-Aims" and a shooting training simulator "SKATT".
The picture shows that the results of the group with the air rifle changed for 6,69 points, with an optical shooting system "Eko-Aims" for 6,25 points, with shooting training simulator "SKATT" for 5,19 points.
The results of shooting air rifle in June were 57,19 points, the increase till 63,88 points was registered in October; an optical shooting system "Eko-Aims" shooting in July was 68,06 points, the increase till 74,31 points in November; shooting training simulator "SKATT" in June was 66,94 points, the increase of results till 72 points in September, results are valid (P <0,05).
Thus, marksmanship training realization in young biathletes using technical means provides technical character of shooting formation. Itis the base for sports activity effectiveness.
CONCLUSION
Quick increase of the achievements in world sport demands constant search for new, effective means, methods and organizational forms of training young athletes. Long-term research works showed that great role belongs to basic training. Itis formed during the whole period of childhood and juvenile age. An athlete goes to master of sports category during 8-10 years, regardless of kind of sport, and to World-class athlete category during 10-12 years. Most part of this period lasts during childhood and juvenile age. There are a lot of facts, which influence the quality of sports schools work. Considerable place among them take scientific research works directed toward further development and scientific substantiation of young athletes training system.
At the same time, technical means use influences effectively marksmanship training of young biathletes as it increases the opportunity to organize lessons in any conditions, provides mistakes correction, decreases ammunition and time spent during a training lesson. The effectiveness of shooting according to the results of control tests
has the connection between the kinds of shooting exercises.
REFERENCES
1. Gibadullin I.G., Zvereva S.N. Strelkovaya podgotovka yunyh biatlonistov[Marksmanship training of young biathletes. Izhevsk: Izhevsk State Technical University Publishing house. 2005:108 [In Russ.].
2. Zvereva S.N., Ivanov D.I. Substantiation of the methodology of marksmanship training of young biathletes based on technical means use. Sbornik nauchnyh statej po itogam mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii. Rol' nauki v razvitii sociuma: teoreticheskie I prakticheskie aspekty, g. Sankt-Peterburg [Collection of scientific articles based on the results of the international scientific and practical conference. The role of science in society development: theoretical and practical aspects, St. Petersburg]. St. Petersburg: "KultInformPress" Publishing house. 2018: 101-104 [In Russ.].
3. Zvereva S.N. Technical means in the training of young biathletes. Detskij trener, zhurnal v zhurnale. URL: http://lib.sportedu.ru/Press/ FKVOT/2001N4/p28-30.htm [In Russ.]
4. Nikitushkin V. G. Teoriya I metodika yunosheskogo sporta: uchebnik [Theory and methodology of youth sports: textbook]. Moscow: Physical Culture. 2010: 208 [In Russ.].
5. Sorokin S.G., Zagursky N.S. Strelkovaya podgotovka biatlonistov s ispol'zovaniem tehnicheskih sredstv obucheniya: uchebnoeposobie [Marksmanship training of biathletes using technical means: a textbook]. Omsk: Publishing House of Siberian State University of Physical Culture. 2007: 51 [In Russ.].
6. Blair S.N., Morris J.N. Healthy hearts-and the universal benefits of being physically active: Physical activity and health. Annals of Epidemiology. 2009; 19A 253-256. DOI: 10.1016/j. annepidem.2009.01.019.
7. Ghaedi G.H., Tavoli A., Bakhtiari M., Melyani M., Sahragard M. Quality of life in college students with and without social phobia. Social Indicators Research. 2010; 97: 247-256. DOI: 10.1007/s11205-009-9500-3.
8. Jurakic D., Pedisic Z., Greblo Z. Physical activity in different domains and health-related quality of life: A population-based study. Quality of Life Research. 2010; 19: 1303-1309. DOI: 10.1007/ s11136-010-9705-6.
9. Aleksandr S. Kuznetsov, Zinaida M. Kuznetsova. II Congress of members of the public organization "Russian Professorial Assembly". Pedagogiko-psihologicheskie I medico-biologicheskie problemy fizicheskoj kul'tury I sporta = Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport.
2019; 14(4): 5-7. DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-201914-4-5-7 [In Russ., In Engl.].
Submitted: 20.05.2021 Author's information:
Svetlana N. Zvereva - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Sevastopol State University, 299053, Russia, Sevastopol, Universitetskaya str., House 33, e-mail: [email protected] Ildus G. Gibadullin - Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor, M.T. Kalashnikov State Technical University, Izhevsk, 426000, Russia, Izhevsk, Studencheskaya str., House 67, e-mail: [email protected]
