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ОСНОВНОЙ РАЗДЕЛ
Abdullaeva M.I. associate professor Suleimanova A. K. the first year master course study Economics department Dagestan State University
Russia, Makhachkala
MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AND ITS DIFFERENCE FROM THE
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
Abstract. As the title implies the article describes the differences between financial accounting and management accounting. A mention should be made their features, discusses the positive and negative aspects for each type of account. It also emphasizes the importance of doing competent accounting information for making effective management decisions. In the end, there is the conclusion about the need for their harmonized application in any organization for cost optimization and increase profits.
Keywords: Management accounting, financial accounting, management, planning.
"If there is a little information - there is an "information hunger", and therefore ineffective solutions! If there is a lot of information - there is a "data trash", and consequently inefficient. " Kenneth Arrow, Professor at Stanford and Harvard universities (USA), winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics.
In modern business the main concern of managers and leaders at all levels is presented with the problem of getting reliable information. Without it is difficult to draw conclusions about the results of the company, and even more is impossible the adoption of the financial-effective solutions, planning and control of the company. These challenges are compounded with the growth of the business and its structural units.
For people without economic education there are no fundamental differences between financial and managerial accounting. This is one of the biggest mistake. In fact, these two concepts have quite significant differences that affect the organization as a whole. The accounting system is a special system of accounting of information on certain transactions, subject to certain laws:
- continuity, that means the data must be catalogued without any permits, in strictly chronological order.
- all business transactions must be recorded, that means that the documents are created according to a specified form with all the required details.
- all accounting objects have to be assessed in monetary terms, in particular the assets and liabilities.
- forms of accounting registers are developed by the ministry of finance and other executive authorities
- obligation of the property inventory with documented proof of the existence, status and evaluation.
The management accounting deals with the formation of prompt, accurate information. Nowadays there is no clear definition of management accounting. In general it is a system that gives a complete reflection of economic operations of the enterprise, including those that may not be reflected in the accounting statements, and provide comprehensive information that is necessary for effective management.
Management accounting in compare with accounting has several advantages, for example:
- efficiency of formation of the reporting, on condition of process automation.
- if necessary, it is possible to detail the work of managers at all levels and formation reports on groups of managing directors for timely adjustment of work of the enterprise as a whole.
- the possibility of forming reliable information about work of the enterprise considering the minimizing of taxes and the application of transfers.
- the possibility to operate articles of the income and expenses, allows to control cash flows, to predict them and analyze.
The management accounting has also disadvantages, such as:
- the lack of clear theoretical bases of the account.
- the lack of the holistic practices of accounting.
- failure experienced, qualified professionals.
- the immaturity of the software oriented on Russian legal framework.
Financial and managerial accountings differ not only in orientation to the
kind of users, but also in relation to past and future, data types, etc. As an important part of management is planning, management accounting is more oriented for the future. Constant changes in economic, political, technological and other factors of the external environment requires such kind of planning, where it will be based largely on estimates of what might happen in the future, than on the study of already accomplished events.
Data for internal use by managers should be as objective and verifiable, as conform the nature of the problem being solved. It is such kind of projection. Managerial accounting should be flexible, ensuring any data which are important and necessary for making a specific decision.
Management accounting, unlike financial accountant, focuses not only on the company as a whole, but on parts of it, or on the organizational levels. For example, kind of products, the sales territory, division or part of the company, about what the manager wants to obtain the information.
The rules of management accounting although are not defined in regulations, but are established by the leaders of the organization that determine the content and form of internal reporting. The main restriction is simply that
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the expected value of information should exceed the cost of the management accounting.
Despite the absence of strict obligations in management accounting, because the organization has the right to choose to do it to the maximum or minimum volume, its management is important and necessary for any company to develop and increase their profits. It doesn't replace accounting, which is necessary in any organization, rather, they complement each other and allow you to see perspectives and to work out the defects.
Sources:
1. http://thedifference.ru/otlichie-buxgalterskogo-ucheta-otupravlencheskogo-ucheta/
2. http://www.vedomosti.ru/finance/articles/2013/02/18/upravlencheskij_uchet_ eto_n e_seraya_buhgalteriya_a
3. http://itbpr.ru/ glavnaya/proekty- 1s/proektnaya-rabota/upr-uchet-otlbux/
4. http://www.audit-it.ru/articles/finance/a106/42848.html
5. https://ekonomist.by/topic/17/
6. http://dis.ru/library/detail.php?ID=22583
Абдуллаева М. И., доцент Сулейманова А.К. магистрант, 1 курс Экономический факультет Дагестанский государственный университет
Россия, г. Махачкала УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКИЙ УЧЕТ И ЕГО ОТЛИЧИЯ ОТ БУХГАЛТЕРСКОГО УЧЕТА
Аннотация:
Согласно названию, в статье описываются различия между управленческим и бухгалтерским учетом. Упоминаются их особенности, обсуждаются положительные и отрицательные стороны для каждого вида учета. Особо подчеркивается важность ведения грамотного учета для принятия эффективных управленческих решений. В итоге, делается вывод о необходимости их согласованного применения в любой организации для оптимизации затрат и увеличения прибыли. Ключевые слова:
Управленческий учет, бухгалтерский учет, управление, планирование.
«Если информации мало - возникает "информационный голод", а, следовательно, неэффективные решения! Если информации много - возникает "информационный мусор", а, следовательно, неэффективные затраты!» К.Эрроу, профессор Стэнфордского и Гарвардского университетов (США), лауреат Нобелевской премии по экономике.
