53ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 9 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-9-309-312
MACRO- AND MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF THE LIVER OF THREE-
MONTHLY WHITE RATS
Olimova Aziza Zokirovna
Bukhara State Medical Institute, Republic of Uzbekistan, Bukhara
ABSTRACT
The study was carried out on 16 white rats of three months of age. Animals were withdrawn from the experiment at the age of three months by means of instant decapitation of animals under ether anesthesia. After opening the abdominal cavity, examined by the morphometric method of research.
Keywords: liver, morphology, morphometry, hepatocyte.
Relevance. Liver is a vital gland of external secretion of vertebrates, including humans, located in the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm and performing a large number of different physiological functions. The liver is the largest vertebrate gland.
The choice of the liver for research is explained by the fact that most of the population suffers from various diseases of this organ. However, data on the specific structure of liver morphology in the scientific literature are few and not fully understood. It is very important to know the normal morphometric parameters of the liver to determine the degree of influence of various factors, pathological processes on the morphometric parameters of the liver.
Considering that most of the studies were carried out on white rats, we aimed to study the morphometric parameters of the liver of three-month-old white rats.
Methods and Research.The study was carried out on 16 white randombred rats of three months of age. Animals were withdrawn from the experiment at the age of three months by means of instant decapitation of animals under ether anesthesia. After opening the abdominal cavity, studied by morphometric research methods. The studies were carried out in compliance with the rules of humane treatment of animals, which are regulated by the "Rules for carrying out work with the use of experimental animals", approved by the ethical committee of the Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino (No. 18 of January 16, 2018), and also based on the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association of 1964, amended in 1975, 1983, 1989, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2008, 2013
The anatomical parameters of the extracted liver were measured using an ocular micrometer. The liver was fixed in a solution of 10% formalin and embedded
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 9 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-9-309-312
in paraffin according to generally accepted rules. Then, histological sections with a thickness of 6-7 ^m were prepared, which were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Morphometric studies of liver tissue were carried out under an NLCD-307B microscope. Mathematical processing was carried out directly from the general data matrix "Excel 7.0" using the capabilities of the "STTGRAPH 5.1" program, the indices of the standard deviation and the error of representativeness were determine
Results of the study. The liver of rats is a rounded, irregularly shaped organ of red-brown color, the largest in the abdominal cavity. Most of the organ is located in the right hypochondrium. (Fig. 1). Distinguish between the cranial (diaphragmatic) surface of the liver and the caudal (visceral) surface in contact with the stomach.
In the center of the visceral surface there is a gate of the liver - the site of entry of blood vessels, nerves and exit of the hepatic ducts. The liver is subdivided into six lobes by means of interlobar notches: right (lateral and central), left (lateral and central), caudal and accessory (Fig. 2).
The accessory (middle) lobe of the rat liver is located most cranially.
The right lobe of the liver is larger, cranially adjacent to the median lobe, caudally to the duodenum. The left lobe of the liver is the largest, the caudal edge is adjacent to the stomach, and the caudate lobe is located ventrally. The caudate lobe is the smallest, located around the esophagus, adjacent to the median and left lobes .
In 3-month-old white rats, the liver weight was 6.6.5 ± 10 g. The absolute liver weight of 3-month-old rats was 5.44 ± 0.21 g; the relative weight was 3.04 ± 3.11 g. The liver consists of stroma. and parenchyma.
Stroma capsule, intersegmental and interlobular connective tissue: the capsule is formed by dense fibrous connective tissue covered with a serous membrane, the intersegmental and interlobular connective tissue is represented by loose connective tissue.
The parenchyma of the liver of rats is formed by hepatic lobules. The liver lobule is a hexagonal prism, the basis of which is formed by hepatocytes located in strands in addition to hepatocytes, the lobule includes: stellate cells, liver triads pass around the lobule, consist of branches of the hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct, intralobular the bile capillaries begin blindly in the central parts of the lobule and go to the periphery of the lobule, where they flow into the around-lobular bile duct, bile flows through them from the center to the periphery of the lobule;
the intralobular bile capillary does not have its own wall, but is formed by the membranes of neighboring hepatocytes, or in other words, it is a narrow gap between
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 9 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-9-309-312
hepatocytes; intralobular sinusoidal capillaries, the central vein is located in the center of the lobule, receives blood from the intralobular sinusoidal capillaries
all lobules are interconnected by interlobular, intersegmental connective tissue. Rat hepatocytes have an irregular polygonal shape and make up 60% of all cellular elements of the liver. Their diameter reaches 20-25 microns. Many of them contain two or more cores. Rat hepatocytes have a polygonal shape, their borders are well distinguishable even on stained hematoxylin and eosin preparations. (Figure 3)
Conclusions. In this experiment, we investigated the macro and microscopic structure of the liver in 16 white rats of three months of age. Studied the topography, histology and morphology of the liver using the morphometric method.
Fig 1. Topography of rat liver. Fig 2. Macroscopic specimen of rat liver
Fig 3.Microscopic structure of rat liver.
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 9 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-9-309-312
REFERENCES
1.E.I. Lebedeva., Medicine, Pharmacology. 2015. "Morphometric parameters of hepatocytes of white rats and humans with toxic cirrhosis of the liver."
2. AD Zakharash. Russian journal of gastroenterologists. "Computer morphometry in the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis".
3. EVAntopolskaya, IAShveinov-Kursk scientific and practical journal. 2009. "Morphometric indicators of the state of liver tissue in multiple organ failure against the background of acute pathology of the abdominal organs.
4.DI Shavyrin .2009.elibrary.ru. "Functional and morphological changes in the liver of carnivores with metabolic disorders."
5. G.E. Tsai, S.A.Kolosova, N.S. Beganskaya, P.A.Lavrentiev-Morphology, 2008. "Age-related changes in the human liver"
6. A. N. Litvinenko, D. A. Zinovkin.-Health Problems-2018 "Morphological and morphometric parameters of liver tissue of laboratory animals after modeling of chronic stress"
7. L.P. Romanova.I.I. Malyshev. Bulletin of the Chuvash University. 2011. «Rol'dvujadernyh gepatocitov v regeneracii pecheni posle mehanicheskoj travmy v rannem ontogeneze u krys [Role of binuclear hepatocytes in liver .» 8.Statisticheskij analiz medicinskih dannyh. Primenenie paketa prikladnyh programm STATISTICA. Moskva, RF: Mediasfera; 2003. 312 p
9.K.J. Andersen,A R Knudsen 2015 Regenerative...»Chronic stress does not impair liver regeneration in rats»
10.C.O.V.-Obrazovaniye zdravooxraneniye fizicheskaya kultura 2006 «Gepatotropnye ehffekty i monooksigenaznaya sistema pecheni pri hronicheskom stresse»
11.V.M. Tsyrkunov, V.P. Andreev-Hepatology-2019 "Clinical morphology of the liver: hepatocytes, endomembrane system"
12.V.M .Tsurkunov,V.P.Andreev.Gepatologiya 2017. « Klinicheskaja morfologija pecheni: distrofii [Clinical morphology of the liver: disropfies]»
13. A.Z. Olimova, B.A.Sanoyev. New day in medicine; 2021 «Echinococcosis of liver of three monthly white rat.»
14. A.Z.Olimova. Eurasian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences; 2021 «Morphometric liver parameters at different periods of cranial brain injury.»
