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than 110 technology transfer centers, about 120 business incubators [8].
The governmental commission headed by vice-president S.B. Ivanov agreed to prolong the development industrial parks program till 2014, though it expiry term is 2010 year. In four years the total volume of manufactured products and services to the industrial parks residents must account for 234 billion rubles, as Ministry of communications reports. It implies the output of products in the industrial parks at the cost of several billions of rubles. For this purpose the federal budget intends to provide 13 billion rubles. In other words a planned growth of the output is measured in tens times. Belgorod, Ivanovo, Kursk, Penza, Tambov regions, Bashkortostan republic, Krasnoyarsk and Primorsky territories are eager to join the development of this program.
There are about 50 Scientific-industrial centers in Russian federation, including naukograds and academic towns. The Prime minister of the RF government considers that Russia must have 5-6 centers of this type [7].
Research and development centre - the American prototype of the Silicon Valley The place of this centre is in the Moscow region (s. Skolkovo), where the elite school has already been opened. Financial feedback may be expected in 10-15 years, according to the first Deputy of the RF president administration head V.U. Surkov the sum may reach 1 trillion rubles [11]. He also promised that gradually the similar innovative centers will appear throughout the whole country.
Nowadays, Russian population's needs in highly technological medical aid are satisfied only by 20%. Today 131 types of highly technological medical aids in 20 disease profiles are determined. Consequently new innovation clusters of the pharmaceutical character and nets of highly technological medical centers are created.
Eventually, the output growth of highly technological production and services will account for 60 billion dollars (or 2 trillion rubles). This value is equal to export turnover of 100120 million tons of oil (prices of the end of 2009) or the turnover of Moscow retail sale in this year through all channels of distribution. Taking into account Scolkovo centre we may reckon on 3 trillion rubles.
The main problem of innovative institute's development is a timely investment support, and the lack of modern social and transport infrastructure. To support the innovation projects Ministry of finance is charged with changing the budget project to find the means to support the innovation program, and companies are charged with reserving their capitals to finance innovations, what is the element of social responsibility of business. Ministry of Finance pro-
posed to remain a preferential rate for the nearest years for such companies, having enlarged the list of them, adding the residents of technological-introduction special economic zones, small innovative companies of the universities and other innovative companies. As A.L. Kudrin informed “by the most optimistic estimations, we may increase preferential advantages for innovative enterprises to 150 billion rubles in two or three years” [3]. But in his opinion, modernization can't be carried out through preferential advantages only.
Ministry of economy suggests introducing a special tax regime for “Innovative centers”. It is about a zero rate on profit tax; land tax and organization property tax. The shift to VAT payment regime is planned to be voluntary, and insurance payment must remained at the level of 4,8 thousand rubles per month for one worker. “Tax holidays” are supposed to grant new companies for 5 years and to those companies that have been registered 2-3 years earlier before the regime's introduction. To “prevent abuse” at first advantages are planned to grant to the universities' innovation companies, accredited by Ministry on education of RF.
Summing it all up, it should be noted, that formation of the new types of educational institutions - federal and research universities, implementation of new IT, creation of partnership relations between higher school system and business, and supported by the government would sufficiently affect the educational policy and consequently, will influence the training of specialists and innovative economy development. Innovative trends of modernization of knowledge economy and new challenges show the necessity to rethink its role and mission, to elaborate new approaches and identify new priorities for development.
1. Gorbunov V.G. Innovative development of the human resources of the region // SSSEU Bulletin. 2010. № 2(31).
2. Kuleshov V.V. Modernization of economy and its staff maintenance. Notes of an economist // ЭКО. 2010. №6.
3. КоммерсантЪ. 2010. March 30 .
4. Lazarev G. Where will lead the stages of vocational training? // Higher education in Russia. 2008. №7.
5. Do not wait for changes, just push reformation // Higher education today. 2006. № 4.
6. Nikitov A.V. Structural- functional changes in the Russian system of education // SSSEU Bulletin. 2011. № 1(35).
7. Russian newspaper. 2010. Febr.3 .
8. Russian newspaper. 2010. April 8 .
9. Russian newspaper. Regions. 2010. February12 .
10. Saveliev B.A., Maslennikov A.S. Evaluation of the level of students' training for the purpose of accreditation of the educational organization: Manual. 2007.
11. Labor. 2010. March 23.
удк 338.47:656 I.V. Panova
LOGISTIC CENTERS AS INNOVATIONS IN INCREASING OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM COMPETITIVENESS
The functioning of united logistic transport system consisting of transport-logistic centers complex is required for effective different participants’ interaction of all product distribution delivery links. The system allows forming more effective managing model of adjacent transport mode interaction and can act as a mechanism for competitiveness increasing of the transport complex in a whole.
Key words: logistic system, transport-logistic centers, traffic center, information-analytic system.
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И.В. Панова
ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ЦЕНТРЫ КАК ИННОВАЦИИ В ПОВЫШЕНИИ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ
Для эффективного взаимодействия различных участников товародвижения всех звеньев поставки необходимо функционирование единой логистической транспортной системы, состоящей из комплекса транспортно-логистических центров, которая позволит построить наиболее эффективную модель управления взаимодействия смежных видов транспорта и может выступать как механизм повышения конкурентоспособности транспортного комплекса в целом.
Ключевые слова: логистическая система, транспортно-логистические центры, транспортный узел, информационно-аналитические системы.
In terms of economic globalization and transport system integration the creation of logistic centers functioning on basis of leading logistic tools providing all process realization of logistic chaining, integration of different transport kinds and all participants of transport-logistic processes gains special meaning. Logistic center creation is defined by high logistic meaningfulness in modern Russia and also by the necessity of main tasks decision in the frame of Russian transport strategy. Logistics is a strategic factor of competitiveness ensuring and stable economic country growth.
Precondition to transport-logistic center creation is the combination of some mutually influenced factors which don't allow satisfying shipper needs in full. The main reason connecting with the necessity of application of the alternative form of interconnection between railway and waterways transports in form of logistic centers is the hauling capacity discrepancy between rail transports and sea ports because of industrial production growth on the one hand and port infrastructure underdevelopment of port transshipment facility on the other hand. It requires the presence of structure not only coordinating timely load appearing but providing ship's party load arrival to the specified time. The current planning system of combined service and lack of administrative interconnection also don't provide adequate accuracy and flexibility for effective organization of cargo traffic.
Another interdependent reason of logistic center organization is information influence imperfection between railroad and sea ports because informational computer-based systems JSC “Russian Railways” while transferring to port stations is required an adaptation to their work conditions. In the first place automated control systems adapt to railway problem solving directly That is why logistic center providing the demand data accessing in the right time, in necessary quantity and in required quality with minimum costs is necessary for effective management of railwaywaterway transport interaction.
Imperfection of existing legal and regulatory framework, technological decisions regulating relationships between transportation transport participants requires effective technology search. For example today the freight rules approved by USSR Ministry of sea fleet, RSFSR Ministry of inland navigation fleet, USSR Traffic Ministry in 1956 continue to use in straight mix railway-water communication. These rules define duties, rights and responsibility of transport organizations and cargo owners under freight in straight mix railway-water communication in RF. Obviously these rules don't meet modern conditions.
It is generalized and determining factors including some components. Today their influence degree is unequal and individual in each specific case. It is necessary to note that a big part of arising problems is connected with port stations although quite a few of bottlenecks exist in railroad infrastructure.
In the aim of complex problem decision considering increasing freight volume it is necessary to elaborate transport system development scheme which should be present as innovative form of different transport kind interaction on basis of logistic centers.
The development of logistic centers structure providing mechanism of optimal cargo owners' interaction, operating companies and different kinds of transport should be created on the basis of goals and objectives agreement with economic interest of transport process participants.
The development of logistic transport system composed of logistic centers complex should conform to next goals:
1) The condition creation for optimal usage of transport complex passing capacity for increasing of fright turnover and reinforcement of transport passage competitiveness;
2) The optimization of transport-logistic process under mixed transportation service;
3) The decreasing of financial losses in the transportation process and lowering of component in sum total of costs;
4) The growth of transport complex profitability and steadiness.
The activity of logistic center should be based on the next principals:
1) Logistic center should be a coordinator of material stream advancement during all logistic chain;
2) Logistic center providing interaction of related transport kinds should be considered as logistic chain link, activity of which directed to final aim of logistic costs minimization;
3) Logistic center should coordinate it activity to make transport system interaction more effective for a cargo owner;
4) Information analytic component of logistic center should represent integrate information of transport process participants and cargo owners providing the logistic chains formation for effective material stream advancement;
5) Logistic center activity should be formed on the criteria of cargo owners preferences and build in terms of it goals;
6) Logistic center activity should be based on the principles of goods delivery in the right place in the right time in required quantity with minimum costs;
7) Logistic center should be oriented on transport process traffic control under the materials management;
8) Logistic center should build it relationships with a cargo owner by the principal of common responsibility.
To provide effective logistic center functioning qualified stuff preparing to decide logistic tasks, methods and technologies to organize and to manage the material stream by different schemes, routes and directions are necessary.
The material stream management under combined service should be realized on basis of logistic center system including all “transport” territory of country. Such system should be created by vertical centralized principal: main logistic center (MLC) - regional logistic center (RLC) - district logistic center (DLC).
Main logistic center should decide tasks of strategic and efficient cargo traffic management and fulfill the following functions [2]:
1) To realize automated analysis, control over existing structure and cargo traffic configuration by the principal of their origin, movement and paying off the cargo traffic, constant load monitoring and definition of their origin, move and paying off cargo traffic prospects, management of development on basis of perspective analysis of configuration, structure and volume of cargo traffic, technical and economic basis and common master plan of all transport complex infrastructure development;
2) To control the balance of access, freight, and processing capacities of related transport kinds and transport infrastructure in a whole and management of this process; to define a “narrow place” in common transport infrastructure for further reinforcement of access, freight, and processing capacities of all transport kinds; to rationalize the organization of a cargo traffic system (forming a cargo-traffic project) including rapid load advancement with the least quantity of stop and processing in travel line for scheme optimization of geographic terminals and other transport objects placing processing access and fright facilities of Russian common transport system;
3) To control the development of design and budget documentation and building to reinforce transport system, management of holding research and design-experimental works under the development of automated, informing-managerial and analytic technologies which is common, universal and standard for all transport complex;
4) To develop normative documents regulating technological interaction of common transport process participants and defining the elements of responsibility for its ensuring;
5) To realize transport linkage with the international logistic system of cargo traffic management;
6) To realize operational cargo traffic direction in transport passage on the ways on basis of realization of technological forecast facility, planning, execution of plan, control and analysis in connection with international logistic center, logistic services of cargo traffic transport management of the neighboring countries and beyond regional logistic centers;
7) To educate participants of freight hauling dispatcher, stevedore traders' companies and other subjects on basis of high intensive efficiency technologies of all transport process participants organized interaction usage especially in traffic centers, to control and analyze their activity.
Regional logistic centers provide operating control in the frame of the region. Regional logistic centers should fulfill the following functions [2]:
1) To introduce the balancing of cargo traffic admission process inside the region, to organize cargo admission on the joint of related transport kinds (in ports and frontier passage), to organize uninterrupted unloading on basis of timely cargo admission to big industrial enterprises;
2) To realize dispatching traffic support in the frame of the region;
3) To regulate cargo admission to intermodal butt point in set time on the base of region centers interaction (5-, 6-days forecast, coordination of cargo kinds, dates of arrival);
4) To realize the traffic organization inside region considering some transport kinds on basis of logistic principals;
5) To lead transport planning on basis of applications coming in logistic centers.
The main task of district logistic centers is to provide organized technological interaction of all transport cargo participants in traffic center [2]. The creation of district logistic centers should promote implementation of following list of services: loading and off-loading work; execution of customs and goods supporting documents; keeping of different cargo types, their sorting and dispatch forming; complex transport-expediting clients service; information-logistic support of transport process; control over transport process of insurance company service, certification centers, bank services; consulting-analytic center services of rational transport kinds choice, optimal route of transportation; introduction of innovative logistic technologies; providing coordination and interaction of different transport kinds; direction of delivery chains and other accompanying services providing transport-logistic system formation.
The single technological work process of traffic center should foresee not only interaction of mix transport kinds but also interaction organization of state control authorities, customs, frontier, sanitary and other services providing traffic process.
It should be noted that these measures for logistic system organization on basis of logistic centers lead to following results [1, p. 72 - 82]:
1) time reducing of cargo unit transmission from one transport to another;
2) rational usage of existing and planning capacities and infrastructure of all transport kinds;
3) list of services expansion rendering under the cargo transportation fulfilling by the modern demands “exactly in time” and “from door to door”;
4) acceleration of calculations for traffic and other services, development of EDM;
5) time reducing of customs, certification and other procedures at the expense of preliminary allocation of cargo traffic documents;
6) improving of providing services to the level of international standards.
And the result is growth of transport system competitiveness and rise of transport complex profitability.
1. Balalaev A.S., Kurenkov P.V. The ways of effectiveness increase of interaction between railway and marine transport // The economy of railways. 2010. №10.
2. Eliseev S.U. Construction and optimization of functioning of international transport-logistic systems. M: VINITI RAN, 2006.
