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Амурский зоологический журнал, 2021, т. XIII, № 3
Amurian Zoological Journal, 2021, vol. XIII, no. 3
www.azjournal.ru
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https://www.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2021-13-3-369-400 http://zoobank.org/References/A1FD5F19-4965-42CD-AAC6-4914E21FA70A
UDC 595.773.4
Lispe (Diptera, Muscidae) of Africa
N. E. Vikhrev
Zoological Museum of Moscow University, 2 Bolshaya Nikitskaya Str., 125009, Moscow, Russia
Abstract. The first complete overview of the African fauna of Lispe is published. The paper consists of 3 parts. (1) The alphabetical list of 55 taxa of the African fauna is given with references, distribution data and, where necessary, taxonomic remarks or descriptions. (2) Addendum with 26 African taxa of Lispe which are not included in the main alphabetical list (as synonymies or for other reasons). (3) Identification key for Lispe of Africa. The paper is illustrated with 47 figures. Six new taxa of Lispe are described: Lispe alkalina sp. nov.; Lispe andrefana sp. nov; Lispe confusa sp. nov.; Lispe patersoni sp. nov.; Lispe polonaise sp. nov.;. Lispe selena sp. nov. Nine new taxonomic statuses in genus Lispe are proposed: Lispeflavicornis Stein, 1909 = L. silvai Paterson, 1953 syn. nov.; L. niveimaculata Stein, 1906 = L. sineseta Zielke, 1971, syn. nov.; L. pectinipes Becker, 1903 = L. xantophlebia Seguy, 1950, syn. nov.; L. scalaris Loew, 1847 = L. flavipes Stein, 1913 syn. nov.; L. wittei Paterson, 1956 = L. ethiopica Vikhrev, 2012, syn. nov.; L. geniseta macfiei Emden, 1941= L. macfiei Emden, 1941, stat. nov.; L. geniseta setigena Vikhrev et Pont, 2016 = L. setigena Vikhrev et Pont, 2016, stat. nov.; L. ochracea Becker, 1910 = L. canis Malloch, 1922 stat. nov.; L. tentaculata draperi Seguy, 1933 = L. draperi Seguy, 1933, stat. nov.
Keywords: Diptera, Muscidae, Lispe, Africa, identification key, review, new species, synonymy.
Author
Nikita E. Vikhrev
E-mail: [email protected]
SPIN: 1266-1140
Scopus Author ID: 32467511100
Copyright: © The Author (2021). Published by Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia. Open access under CC BY-NC License 4.0.
Lispe (Diptera, Muscidae) Африки
Н. Е. Вихрев
Зоологический музей Московского государственного университета им. М. В. Ломоносова, Большая Никитская ул., д. 2, 125009, г. Москва, Россия
Аннотация. Опубликован первый полный обзор африканской фауны Lispe. Статья состоит из 3 частей. (1) Приводится алфавитный список 55 таксонов африканской фауны со ссылками, данными о распространении и при необходимости таксономическими замечаниями или описаниями. (2) Приложение с 26 африканскими таксонами Lispe, которые не были включены в основной список, будучи синонимами, или по другим причинам. (3) Определительный ключ для африканских Lispe. В статье использовано 47 иллюстраций. Описаны 6 новых таксонов: Lispe alkalina sp. nov.; Lispe andrefana sp. nov.; Lispe confusa sp. nov.; Lispe patersoni sp. nov.; Lispe polonaise sp. nov.; Lispe selena sp. nov. Предложены 9 новых синонимов и изменений ранга таксонов: Lispeflavicornis Stein, 1909 = L. silvai, Paterson, 1953 syn. nov.; L. niveimaculata Stein, 1906 = L. sineseta Zielke, 1971, syn. nov.; L. pectinipes Becker, 1903 = L. xantophlebia Seguy, 1950, syn. nov.; L. scalaris Loew, 1847 = L. flavipes Stein, 1913 syn. nov.; L. wittei Paterson, 1956 = L. ethiopica Vikhrev, 2012, syn. nov.; L. geniseta macfiei Emden, 1941= L. macfiei Emden, 1941, stat. nov.; L. geniseta setigena Vikhrev & Pont, 2016 = L. setigena Vikhrev & Pont, 2016, stat. nov.; L. ochracea Becker, 1910 = L. canis Malloch, 1922, stat. nov.; L. tentaculata draperi Séguy, 1933 = L. draperi Séguy, 1933, stat. nov.
Ключевые слова: Diptera, Muscidae, Lispe, Африка, ключ, обзор, новые виды, синонимы.
Сведения об авторе
Вихрев Никита Евгеньевич E-mail: [email protected] SPIN-код: 1266-1140 Scopus Author ID: 32467511100
Права: © Автор (2021). Опубликовано Российским государственным педагогическим университетом им. А. И. Герцена. Открытый доступ на условиях лицензии СС БУ-ЫС 4.0.
Introduction
The last key for African Lispe Latreille 1796 was published 80 years ago (Emden 1941), and the catalogue of Afrotropical fauna of the genus, 40 years later (Pont 1980). In the present work, I have tried to combine the complete identification key and the updated catalogue of African Lispe.
All presently known taxa of African Lispe are listed in Parts I and II: "Alphabetical list of African Lispe with references or comments" and "Addendum", thus these two parts may be used as the updated catalogue of African Lispe. Only those species of Lispe which are included in "Alphabetical list ..." are also included in Part III: "Identification key for Lispe of Africa", where a total of 55 taxa are keyed in comparison with Emden's (1941) key where only 25 taxa were considered. I limited the key to 55 species the specimens of which I personally examined and came to an unambiguous conclusion about their taxonomic status. The majority of taxa are only briefly mentioned in the list, with references to previous papers where discussions of taxonomy and examined material were given. In some cases new examined material with new records from Africa is added. The minority of the listed species which I have not considered before and 6 newly described species are presented in more detail.
The addendum contains 26 taxa of Lispe. All names listed as valid in Pont's (1980) catalogue and absent in the "Alphabetical list.." are in Addendum. There are taxa: synonymized after 1980 (1); excluded from African fauna (2); having uncertain or changed taxonomical status with taxonomical comments and references given where possible and necessary (3).
In this work I treat the African continent as a whole, both the main part south of Sahara Desert belonging to the Afrotropical realm and the northern Palaearctic part of Africa are considered. The Afrotropical realm includes also Yemen, Madagascar and smaller islands surrounding the continent, African part of the Palaearctic realm includes the Canary Islands.
Material and methods
The specimens examined are deposited in the following museums:
BMNH—Natural History Museum, London, UK;
DEI—Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany.
MNHN—Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France;
TAUI—Tel-Aviv University, Israel;
NCU—Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland;
ZIN—Zoological Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia;
ZMHU—Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany;
ZMUM—Zoological Museum of Moscow University, Russia.
Geographical coordinates are given in the decimal degrees format.
The following generally accepted abbreviations for morphological structures are used: f1, t1, f2, t2,ß, t3 = fore-, mid-, hind- femur or tibia respectively; ac — acrostichal setae; dc — dorsocen-tral setae; prst—presutural; post — postsutural; a, p, d, v = anterior, posterior, dorsal, ventral seta(e).
The abbreviation for the tarsi as tar followed by a pair of digits separated by a hyphen was proposed by Vikhrev (2011): the first digit (1 to 3) gives the leg number and the second digit (1 to 5), the number of the tarsal segment. For example, tar1-4 = 4th segment of fore tarsus; tar3-1 = hind basitarsus.
Illustrations are original unless otherwise indicated. Since I have to reference numerous figures of this paper including those from literature (some of the latter reproduced in the former, with different numeration), to avoid confusion I capitalize the first letter (Fig. or Figs) for figures in this paper but use the lower-case letter (fig. or figs) in literature references to figures published elsewhere.
Alphabetical list of African Lispe with references and/or comments
Lispe alkalina sp. nov.
http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/29D5B82A-3983-419A-A4AD-7D58C994C56E Figs 1-8
Holotype: male, ETHIOPIA, Oromia reg., Langano Lake, 1590 m asl, 7.646°N 38.706°E, 13-15 March 2012, N. Vikhrev (ZMUM).
Paratypes, 26^, 18$: ETHIOPIA: Oro-mia reg.: Langano Lake, 1590 m asl, 7.646°N 38.706°E, 13-15 March 2012, N. Vikhrev, 11$, 4$; Abijatta alkaline lake, 1580 m asl, 7.61°N 38.65°E, 14 March 2012, N. Vikhrev, 3$;
KENYA, Elementeita alkaline lake, 1800 m asl, 0.46°S 36.26°E, 20-21 November 2012, D. Gavryushin, 8$, 5$;
TANZANIA, Mbeya reg.: Rukwa alkaline lake, 8.36°S 32.84°E, 800 m asl, 13 December 2015, N. Vikhrev, 3$, 9$ (all ZMUM).
Description. Male. Body length 4.8-5.6 mm. Head with frons, fronto-orbital plates, face, parafacials and gena with an intense silver pollinosity (Fig. 2); occiput with whitish-grey pollinosity. Margin between fronto-orbital plates and frontal triangle hardly distinct, the latter with convex margins. Fronto-orbital plates with 2 long inclinate setae and with 3-6 setulae in an outer row; parafacials wide, with 3-6 fine hairs in lower third. Antenna black, short, postpedicel falling of mouth margin by more than its own length. Aristal hairs hardly longer than half width of antenna. Vibrissae strong, almost 2x longer than distance between their insertion places. Palpi yellow with outer surface with dense silver pollinosity.
Thorax evenly grey dusted. dc 2+3, strong; meron bare above hind coxa, anepimeron with 10-12 setulae. Wing clear, calypters white, halter yellow. Legs dark, densely grey dusted, with reddish knees. Characteristic for the L. caesia group ventral spines hardly distinct only on fore femur. f1 with a row of 7 long pv setae. t1 with long submedian pv seta; ground setulae on d surface somewhat elongated. Mid coxa with a pair of curved, backward directed spinules consisting of several closely set setulae (Fig. 4).f2 with several a setae in basal half, 3 long pv at middle and 2 p preapical. t2 with a long pv below middle. Hind coxa with seta on posterior margin. f3 with 2 long and strong av in apical half (submedian and preapical) and 2 (1-3) shorter av in basal half and 1(2) fine long pv setae at base. t3 with 1 strong ad. Tarsi unmodified.
Abdomen grey dusted, tergites 1+2 to 4 with a large black triangular median spot
each, tergite 5 mostly grey with some black pattern antero-laterally (Figs 1, 3). Male ter-minalia (shown on Figs 5, 6): cercal plate with elongated and pointed apical part and with a pair of lateral processes which are curved and hairy at apex.
Female differs from male as follows: body length 5.5-6.5 mm. Head and body with yellowish dusting instead of the silvery one. Frontal triangle, fronto-orbital plates, face and gena yellowish. Palpi yellow, without silver pollinos-ity. Mid coxa without pair of spinules. f1 and f2 with rows of distinct ventral spines. t3 apart from ad with av seta in apical third.
Etymology. The name refers to alkaline (or soda) water in the lakes where the new species was collected.
Habitat. Specimens were found on silty or sandy shores of lakes along the Great African Rift at altitude 800-1800 m asl. Abijatta, Elementeita and Rukwa lakes are terminal basins, so their square and salinity strongly change depending on the season and year. Thus, it is impossible to know the exact salinity of these lakes at the time of collecting material there from the literature sources, but I can offer indirect data. While collecting I went swimming in Langano and Rukwa lakes and found the water almost fresh to the taste, about as fresh as the water of the Caspian Sea, that is, at the salinity level of 20-40 g/l. However, even such a low level of salinity is ecologically important, for example, it makes Lake Langano free of schistosomiasis, unlike truly freshwater lakes in Africa.
Lispe ambigua Stein, 1913 Figs 13-14
Lispe ambigua Stein, 1913 (Paterson 1953: 178; Vikhrev 2016: figs: 2 and 5)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2016). Distribution. Highlands (from 1950 to 3370 m asl) of Ethiopia and Kenya.
Lispe andrefana sp. nov.
http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/3cefcf7c-da05-462e-8fc7-1ab3598bce8c Figs 9-12
Holotype: male, MADAGASCAR, Toliara env., Ifaty, 23.16°S 43.62°E, 14-20 November 2012, A. Medvedev (ZMUM).
Figs 1-6. L. alkalina sp. nov., male: 1 — general view, lateral; 2 — head; 3 — abdomen, postero-dorsally; 4 — spines on mid coxa; 5 — genitalia, lateral view; 6 — cercal plate Рис. 1-6. L. alkalina sp. nov., самец: 1 — общий вид сбоку; 2 — голова; 3 — брюшко сзади; 4 — шипики на средней коксе; 5 — гениталии сбоку; 6 — церки
Paratypes, 25^, 27$, the same data as the holotype.
Description. Male. Body length 5.5-6.1 mm. Head with frontal triangle, face and parafa-cials with silvery-white pollinosity; fronto-orbital plates and gena with whitish anterior and dark posterior parts; frontal vitta dark (Fig. 10); occiput grey. Frontal triangle rather narrow with only slightly convex margins. Fronto-orbital plates with 3 long inclinate setae and with 3-6 setulae in outer row; para-facials with 7-8 hairs in lower third. Antenna short, postpedicel falling of mouth margin by twice its own length. Pedicel yellowish, post-pedicel dark yellowish at very base, base of arista yellow. Aristal hairs hardly longer than half width of antenna. Vibrissae weak, hardly as long as distance between their insertion places. Palpi yellow with whitish pollinosity.
Thorax (Fig. 9) evenly grey dusted; dc 2+4, two anterior postsutural pairs weak; meron bare above hind coxa; anepimeron with 10-
11 setulae. Wings clear, calypters white, halter yellow. Legs dark, densely grey dusted, with basal 1/3-1/5 of tibiae yellowish. The characteristic for the L. caesia group ventral spines are weak, distinct only on fore and mid femur. f1 with a row of 7 long pv setae. t1 with sub-median pv seta. f2 with 1-3 fine v setae in basal half and 2 p preapical. t2 with 1 pv below middle. Hind coxa with seta on posterior margin. f3 with 1 submedian av and 1-3 v in basal half. t3 with 1 ad and 1 av. Hind tarsus: tar3-1 slightly thickened in basal half; posteriorly with a dense row of downcurved p setulae.
Abdomen dirty-grey dusted, tergite 4 with a pair of black rounded spots; tergite 3 with same but hardly distinct spots (Figs 9, 11). Male cercal plate shown in Fig. 12, it is heart-shaped, typical for for the L. caesia group.
Female differs from male as follows: body length 5.8-6.6 mm. Head and body with yellowish dusting instead of the whitish-grey one. Frontal triangle, fronto-orbital plates,
face and gena yellowish. All femora with rows of ventral spines. t1 with submedian p strong. t3 apart from ad with av seta in apical third. Hind tarsus unmodified.
Etymology. The name refers to the Madagascan region Atsimo-Andrefana where the type series was collected.
Lispe apicalis Mik, 1869 Lispe comitata Becker, 1904 (Hennig 1960; Vikhrev 2015: 230 and figs 1, 6)
Lispe apicalis Mik, 1869 (Vikhrev 2015) Material examined: see Vikhrev 2015; 2020). Distribution. In Africa recorded from Morocco and Algeria. Palaearctic: ranges to the East to 100.3°E, to the North to 51.2°N.
Lispe argentata Couri, Pont et Penny, 2006 Fig. 16
Lispe argentata Couri, Pont et Penny, 2006 Material examined: MADAGASCAR, Toliara env., Ifaty, 23.16°S 43.62°E, 1420 November 2012, A. Medvedev, 10$, 4? (ZMUM).
Distribution. Madagascar, the only known locality is Ifaty.
Descriptive notes. Species was described from Madagascar, Toliara reg, Ifaty. The type series consists of 1$ and 1? collected by Malaise trap, the female misses fore and mid legs, therefore some points should be clarified. Male. Body length 7-7.5 mm. Head densely silvery-white dusted, frontal vitta less dusted, so frontal triangle distinct, widened, with convex margins. Frons narrowed, about 1/3 of head width. Antenna dark, medium long, postpedicel falling of mouth margin by almost its own length. Aristal hairs 0.5x as long as antenna width. Vibrissae strong. Palpi yellow, so densely dusted at the apex that look brownish. Thorax grey dusted with indistinct whitish median vitta. Meron bare; anepimer-on with 15 long hairs; 2+3 dc, all strong. Legs dark, hind coxa with seta on inner posterior margin, f1 and f2 with rows of strong ventral spines. t1 without median seta; t2 with 1 p and 1 ad below it; f3 with 3 strong av in apical half and 3 strong pv in basal half. t3 with 1 fine ad and 1 strong av; tar3-1 widened, with a tuft of downward directed setae at middle. Abdomen with paired, not very distinct, round dark
dorsal spots on tergites 3 and 4; antero-lateral margins of tergite 5 slightly darkened. Female differs as follows: body length 7.5-8 mm, dusting of head and body yellowish-grey; f3 with only 1 av at middle; hind tarsus unmodified; abdominal dark spots triangular, distinct.
Lispe assimilis Wiedemann, 1824 Lispe modesta Stein, 1913 (Vikhrev 2012b) Lispe assimilis Wiedemann, 1824 (Vikhrev 2012b); (Pont 2019: 144-150, figs 304-316) Material examined: see Vikhrev (2012b).
New records: KENYA, Melewa R., 1900 m asl, 0.67°S 36.39°E, 19 November 2012, Gavryushin, 1$.
TANZANIA: Dodoma reg. Dodoma env., 6.20°S 35.75°E, pond, 1150 m asl, 11-13 February 2017, N. Vikhrev, 8$, 4$; Mtera Reservoir, 7.13°S 36.00°E, 14 February 2017, N. Vikhrev, 4$, 2$; Morogoro reg., Mikumi village, 7.40°S 36.99°E, 5-7 February 2017, N. Vikhrev, 2$ (all ZMUM).
Remarks. Tanzanian material shows that in E Africa L. assimilis is more common in rainy season.
Distribution. African records: Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, Tanzania, Sudan. Widespread in S Palaearctic, Oriental, and Australia.
Lispe barbipes Stein, 1908 Lispe barbipes Stein, 1908 (Vikhrev 2012b: 28-29, fig. 1; 2014: fig. 62)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2012b; 2014).
New material: NAMIBIA: Windhoek env., 22.54°S 17.20°E, 1800-1900 m, 25-30 November 2018, N. Vikhrev, 11$, 11$; Luderitz env., 26.61°S 15.19°E, sewage fields, 2022 January 2021, N. Vikhrev, 2$, 2$; Noor-doewer env., Orange R., 28.686°S 17.557°E, 23-25 January 2021, N. Vikhrev, 1$ (ZMUM).
Distribution. A South African species: Botswana, Namibia, South Africa. Record from Ethiopia (Vikhrev 2012b) was a misiden-tification of a female of L. cilitarsis. Lispe bengalensis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Lispe tetrastigma Schiner, 1868 (Hennig 1960: 458-459, figs 381, 401)
Lispe armipes Becker, 1903 (Hennig 1960) Lispe berlandi Seguy, 1940 (Pont 1986)
Figs 7-12. L. alkalina sp. nov. (7-8): 7 — female, general view; 8 — female, head; L. andrefana sp. nov. (9-12): 9 — the holotype, general view; 10 — the holotype, head; 11 — the holotype, abdomen, posterior view; 12 — cercal plate
Рис. 7-12. L. alkalina sp. nov. (7-8): 7 — самка, общий вид; 8 — голова самки; L. andrefana sp. nov. (9-12): 9 — голотип, общий вид; 10 — голотип, голова; 11 — голотип, брюшко сзади; 12 — церки
Lispe bengalensis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Pont 1986); (Pont 2019: 215-221, figs 448-459); (Vikhrev 2020: figs 18, 20, 48)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2020): Australia: Queensland, Victoria; Cambodia; India: Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat and Orissa states; Indonesia, W Papua prov.; Madagascar; Malaysia, Borneo, Sabah state; Namibia; Sri Lanka; Tanzania: Pwani and Mtwara reg.; Thailand, Phuket prov.
Distribution. Palaeotropical species, widespread near seashores of Africa, S Asia, and Australia.
Lispe bipunctata Seguy, 1938 Lispe bipunctata Seguy, 1938 (Vikhrev 2016: 179-180 and fig. 21)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2016). Distribution. Known from S Ethiopia, SN-NPR reg.
Lispe biseta Stein, 1913 Lispe biseta Stein, 1913 (Vikhrev 2016: figs 1, 3) Material examined: see Vikhrev (2016). Distribution. Africa: highlands (14002350 m asl) of Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania.
Lispe caesia Meigen, 1826 Lispe microchaeta Seguy, 1940 Lispe caesia microchaeta Seguy, 1940 (Hennig 1960)
Lispe caesia Meigen, 1826 (Hennig 1960; Zhang et al. 2016; Vikhrev et al. 2016: 407409 and figs 1-6)
Material examined: see Vikhrev et al. 2016; Vikhrev 2020.
Distribution. Africa: Egypt and Morocco. A Palaearctic species ranging from the Atlantic coast to 95°E in Siberia.
Lispe candicans Kowarz, 1892 Lispe simonyii Becker, 1910 Lispe candicans Kowarz, 1892 (Hennig 1960; Zhang et al. 2016: figs. 1D, 3E, 4H, I, L, 12, 13, 31G, H; Vikhrev 2020: 163-165 and figs 10-15)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2020). Distribution. Africa: Egypt, Morocco, Mozambique, Senegal, Yemen. Also Mediterranean coast, Near East, India (Gujarat).
Remarks. As discussed by Vikhrev (2020), the taxonomic status of L. simonyii so far can-
Figs 13-15. L. ambigua (13-14): 13 — female, general view; 14 — female, dorsal; L. dichaeta (15): 15 — male, dorsal
Рис. 13-15. L. ambigua (13-14): 13 — самка, общий вид; 14 — самка, сверху; L. dichaeta (15): 15 — самец, сверху
not be clarified, so here I consider L. candi-cans in a broad sense.
Lispe capensis Zielke, 1971 Figs 17-21 Lispe capensis Zielke, 1971 Material examined: NAMIBIA: Walvis Bay env., 22.97°S 14.54°E, 5-9 December 2018, N. Vikhrev, 16$, 26?; Luderitz env., 26.61°S 15.19°E, sewage fields, 20-22 January 2021, N. Vikhrev, 2? (all ZMUM).
Distribution. Reliably known from South Africa and Namibia. For the collecting site in Namibia see the notes on the type locality of L. polonaise sp. nov.
REDESCRIPTION. Male. Body size — 5.56 mm. Head. Frontal triangle shining black, interfrontalia matte black, fronto-orbital plate shining black but grey dusted in anterior half; parafacials and face whitish-grey, occiput grey. Antennae black. Arista in basal half with hairs 0.5x as long as width of antenna, in apical half bare. Vibrissae strong. Palpi covered with dark grey pollinosity, yellowish on margins. Thorax black, scutum shining, pleura grey dusted. dc 2+3 all strong; anepimeron with about 12 setulae; meron above hind coxa with 4-5 hairs; katepimeron with 2(3) hairs in posterior half; scutellum bare on ventral surface. Wings brownish-hyaline, calypters
whitish-yellow, halter yellow. Legs with coxa, trochanters and femora black; tibiae and tarsi yellow (mid and hind tarsi dorsally darkened). t1 without seta. t2 with 1 p and in some specimens with additional seta on p, pv or v position; hind coxa bare; f3 at apex with 1 av and 1-2 pv, otherwise bare; t3 with 1ad; tarsi unmodified. Abdomen with colour pattern similar to that of L. nana (Figs 17, 18): tergites 3 and 4 mainly black with three whitish spots, a pair of antero-lateral ones and rounded postero-median one. Tergite 5 with a pair of large rounded anterolateral spots. Abdominal ter-gite 3 without a pair of small rounded knoblike process at each ventral fore-marginal corner (characteristic for L. nana). Sternite 5 with strong medial process clearly visible on intact abdomen. Cercal plate and sternite 5 as shown in Fig. 21.
Female differs as follows. Body size 5.76.5 mm. Tarsi darkened. Scutum with the median pruinose patch at level of 2nd and 3rd post dc, typical for females L. tentaculata and L. draperi. Normally 2+3 dc, but some specimens have additional weak pair between 1st and 2nd post dc and may be described as dc 2+4. Abdominal pattern similar to that of the male but less contrasting black-white, more greyish (Fig. 19).
Figs 16-21. L. argentata (16): 16 — male, general view; L. capensis (17-21): 17 — male, general view; 18 — male abdominal pattern; 19 — female abdominal pattern; 20 — male cercal plate and sternite 5 (from Zielke 1971); 21 — male cercal plate and sternite
Рис. 16-21. Ь. argentata (16): 16 — самец, общий вид; Ь. еарет1з (17-21): 17 — самец, общий вид; 18 — брюшко самца; 19 — брюшко самки; 20 — церки и стернит 5 (по 71е1ке 1971); 21 — церки и стернит 5
Remarks. L. capensis was described from 6$ and 6$ from Cape Town, South Africa. The following characters from Zielke's (1971b) description fit our Namibian series: 6-7 mm; palpi dark, femora dark, tibiae and tarsi yellow; t1 without seta; t2 with p; f3 at apex with 1 av and 2 pv; t3 with 1 ad; cercal plate as in Fig. 20. On the other hand, Zielke indicated 2+4 dc; did not mention the presence on the female scutum of the pruinose patch and drew unprecedented paired internal processes on sternite 5 (Fig. 20). However, our Walvis Bay series has a very characteristic medial process on male sternite 5, it looks very similar to those on Zielke's drawing, and I believe that duplication of the process has been a result of some funny error. Note also the remarks below to L. aurocochlearia Seguy, 1950, probably L. capensis is not the oldest name for the taxon. Vikhrev (2014) supposed a close relationship between L. nana and L. tentaculata group, the intermediate characters of L. capensis support this hypothesis.
Lispe cilitarsis Loew, 1856 Fig. 24
Lispe cilitarsis Loew, 1856 (Vikhrev 2012b: figs 2, 7; Vikhrev 2014: fig. 60)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2012b; 2014).
New record: TANZANIA: Morogoro reg., Morogoro env., lake (Mindu Dam), 6.865°S 37.608°E, 5 December 2015, N. Vikhrev, 6$, 5$ (ZMUM).
Distribution. Reliably recorded in Africa from Egypt, Ethiopia (Amhara, Afar and Oro-mia reg.), Morocco (Tan-Tan reg.) and Tanzania. Also known from Arabian Peninsula (Pont 1991) and Israel.
Lispe confusa sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/5c2bb345-4455-4c57-a977-2d5c3e498878 Figs 22-23 Lispe paraneo Zielke, 1972 (Vikhrev 2014), misidentification
Holotype: male, BOTSWANA, N-W Distr., Maun, 19.92°S 23.51°E, 940 m asl, 3-8 February 2013, A. Medvedev (ZMUM).
Paratypes, 44$, 27$: BOTSWANA: 5 Distr., Kanye, 24.95°S 25.34°E, 1270 m asl, 28-30 January 2013, A. Medvedev, 16$, 8$; N-WDistr, Maun, 19.92°S 23.51°E, 940 m asl, 3-8 February 2013, A. Medvedev, 4$, 2$; Central Distr., Nata, Nata R., 20.21°S 26.18°E, 915 m asl, 9 February 2013, A. Medvedev, 4$, 4$ (ZMUM).
Figs 22-27. L. confusa sp.nov. (22-23): 22 — male, posterior view; 23 — cercal plate; L. cilitarsis (24): 24 — cercal plate (from Vikhrev 2012b; 2014); L. wittei = L. ethiopica (25-27): 25 — cercal plate (from Paterson 1956); 26 — cercal plate (from Vikhrev 2012b; 2014); 27 — male, general view Рис. 22-27. L. confusa sp.nov. (22-23): 22 — самец, брюшко сзади; 23 — церки; L. cilitarsis (24): 24 — церки (по Vikhrev 2012b; 2014); L. wittei = L. ethiopica (25-27): 25 — церки (по Paterson 1956); 26 — церки (по Vikhrev 2012b; 2014); 27 — самец, общий вид
MADAGASCAR, Toliara env., 23.28°S 43.62°E, 18-19 November 2012, A. Medve-dev; 13$, 4? (ZMUM).
NAMIBIA: Windhoek env., 22.60°S 17.14°E, 1780 m asl, 25-30 November 2018, N. Vikhrev, 1$ (ZMUM); Walvis-Bay env.: Bird Sanctuary, 22.968°S 14.533°E, 21 November 2018, KEIB exp., leg., 3$, 3? (NCU); 22.97°S 14.54°E, 5-9.12.2018, N. Vikhrev, 2$, 3?; Luderitz env., 26.61°S 15.19°E, sewage fields, 20-22 January 2021, N. Vikhrev, 2$, 3? (ZMUM).
TANZANIA, Mbeya reg., Nyasa Lake, Matema vill., 9.50°S 34.01°E, 15 December 2015, N. Vikhrev, 2$ (ZMUM).
Description. A typical representative of L. longicollis subgroup. Male body about 7 mm long, slender and leggy, resembles a racehorse. Body dark except for apices of femora and basal half of tibiae. Head with dark frons, yellowish and narrow frontal triangle. Fron-to-orbital plates, parafacials, face, gena and occiput whitish-grey dusted. Antenna dark, long, postpedicel falling of mouth margin by 1/4 of its own length. Aristal hairs as long as antenna width. Palpi yellow. Thorax. Scutum black, with brownish dusting; pleura grey dusted; 2+4 dc (strong, strong, weak, weak,
strong, strong); meron with 3-5 hairs above hind coxa, anepimeron with 10-12 setulae. Wing with vein M distinctly curved at apex (Fig. 22). Legs. t1 with short p; t2 with 1 p and 1 av; t3 with median 1 av (weak), 1 ad and 1 pd; f3 dorsally curved, with 2(3) fine and long v setae at base and 1 short av at apex. Hind tarsus modified: tar3-1 strongly outward curved, with rows of av and pv hairs 3x as long as tarsus width. Abdomen whitish-grey dusted, with large trapezoid black spots on tergites 3 to 5 (Fig. 22). Cercal plate as in Fig. 23.
Female differs as follows: body length about 7.5 mm; dusting of head yellowish, body dusting denser; f3 without fine v setae at base; hind tarsus unmodified.
Diagnosis. The previous misidentification of the species as L. paraneo is discussed below in Addendum. L. confusa is closely related to North African L. cilitarsis. As a lumper I did my best not to describe this species but Tan-zanian specimens convinced me to do so. L. confusa and L. cilitarsis are sympatric in Tanzania with no intermediate specimens. Males differ as follows:
— Mid tarsus without a row ofp setulae, only normal ground setulae hardly longer than tarsus width; cercal plate as in Fig. 23.
The southern part of Africa till Tanzania
.........................confusa sp. nov.
— Mid tarsus with a row of curled setulae on p surface from apex of tar3-1 to tar2-5, these setulae at least 2x longer than tarsus width; cercal plate as in Fig. 24. The northern part
of Africa till Tanzania____cilitarsis Loew
Unfortunately, females of these species are indistinguishable.
Etymology. The name refers to my previous misidentification of this species.
Lispe desjardinsii Macquart, 1851 Lispe remipes Becker, 1913 (Paterson 1953: figs 12-13)
Lispe planiseta Snyder, 1949: figs 1-2 Lispe desjardinsii Macquart, 1851 (Vikhrev 2014: fig. 45)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2014). Distribution. Africa: D. R. Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mauritius, Nigeria, Reunion, Uganda.
Lispe dichaeta Stein, 1913 Fig. 15
Lispe dichaeta Stein, 1913 (Vikhrev 2016: figs 9, 10)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2016). Distribution. As discussed by Vikhrev (2016) all previous distributional data on L. dichaeta need to be verified. An Afrotropical species, reliably recorded from Ethiopia (Oro-mia and Amhara reg.); Kenya (Kiambu, Laiki-pia and Nyandarua Co.); Tanzania (Iringa reg.).
Lispe dmitryi Vikhrev, 2014 Lispe dmitryi Vikhrev, 2014 (Vikhrev 2014: 167-168 and figs 55-57)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2014). Distribution. Kenya, Nakuru Co.
Lispe elkantarae Becker, 1907 Lispe elkantarae Becker, 1907 (Hennig 1960; Vikhrev 2015: fig. 2)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2015). Distribution. Africa: Algeria and Morocco; also Turkey.
Lispe emdeni Vikhrev, 2012 Lispe emdeni Vikhrev, 2012 (Vikhrev 2012a: 107-109 and figs 1-5; Vikhrev 2014) Material examined: see Vikhrev (2014). Distribution. Africa: Ethiopia, Amhara
reg. Also India: Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat states. Found on big stones in or along slow, seasonally drying streams.
Lispe flavicornis Stein, 1909 Lispe silvai Paterson, 1953, syn. nov. Lispe flavicornis Stein, 1909 (Pont 1991; Zhang et al. 2016: 55-57 and figs 1E, 2C, 3E, 14-16, 30C, 31I, J; Vikhrev 2020: fig. 17)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2020), about 140 $ and $ from: Cambodia; India: Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat states; Indonesia, Papua prov.; Malaysia, Borneo, Sabah state; Taiwan; Thailand: Chonburi and Phuket prov.; Tanzania: Lindi, Mtwara and Pwani regions.
New record: EGYPT, Sinai, Al-Bardawil («31.1°N 33.3°E), 25 July 1967, Margalit, 1$ (TAUI).
Distribution. A Palaeotropical species, widespread near seashores in Africa, Asia and New Guinea. African records are from Egypt, Mozambique, Tanzania (Lindi, Mtwara and Pwani regions).
Synonymy. The detailed Paterson's description leaves no doubt in the true identity of L. silvai, cercal plate and sternite 5 as follows from the drawings (Paterson 1953: figs 8, 9) fit too. The type locality is Lourenco Marques (= Maputo, 26.0°S 32.5°E), river bank. It is not a freshwater river but a saltish Estuario do Espirito Santo, a common estuary of Tembe, Umbeluzi, Matola and Infulene Rivers. Such places are typical habitats of L. flavicornis. So, Lispe flavicornis Stein, 1909 = Lispe silvai Paterson, 1953, syn. nov.
Lispe freidbergi Vikhrev, 2012 Lispe freidbergi Vikhrev, 2012 (Vikhrev 2012c: 425-427 and figs 8-10)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2012c). Distribution. Known for Egypt (Sinai) and Israel (Negev).
Lispe fulvitarsusfulvitarsus Snyder, 1949 Lispacoenosia fulvitarsus Snyder, 1949: 8-9 Lispe asetopleura (Vikhrev, 2012c: 424 and figs 1-3)
Lispe fulvitarsus fulvitarsus Snyder, 1949 (Snyder 1949; Vikhrev 2014: fig. 44b)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2014). Distribution. Afrotropical: Cameroon,
D. R. Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Tanzania.
Lispe geniseta macfiei Emden, 1941 Lispe geniseta Stein, 1909 (Pont 1980) Lispe macfiei Emden, 1941 (Emden 1941) Lispe macfiei Emden, 1941 (Vikhrev 2016) Lispe geniseta macfiei Emden, 1941, stat. nov. Material examined: see Vikhrev (2016). Distribution. Afrotropical: Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi, Tanzania (Mbeya, Morogoro, Pwani regions), Togo.
Remarks. Lispe macfiei Emden, 1941 was described from a single female specimen and later synonymized by the author himself with the Asian L. geniseta. Vikhrev (2016: 176-179 and figs 12-19) found that the specimens identified as L. geniseta from S Asia, Africa, and Australia are very similar but slightly differ by the structure of the male genitalia. Based on these differences Vikhrev and Pont again suggested to regard L. macfiei as a valid species, while the Australian form was described as L. setigena Vikhrev et Pont, 2016. Currently, I hold a more lumping view on species limitation. I do not share anymore the opinion that differences (including very small ones) in the structure of the male genitalia are a more reliable reason for separating species than non-genitalic characters, I did not see confirmation of this either in the literature or in my observations. I believe that the best solution is to regard geographically isolated Asian, African, and Australian populations of L. geniseta in the taxonomic rank of subspecies until otherwise is demonstrated. So, I propose L. geniseta macfiei Emden, 1941 = Lispe macfiei Emden, 1941, stat. nov. and L. geniseta setigena Vikhrev et Pont, 2016 = L. setigena Vikhrev et Pont, 2016, stat. nov.
Lispe halophora Becker, 1903 Lispe halophora Becker, 1903 (Hennig 1960; Zhang et al. 2016: 57-60 and figs. 1F, 17, 18, 31O; Vikhrev 2020: fig. 47)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2020). Distribution. N Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco.
Lispe irvingi Curran, 1937 Lispe irvingi Curran, 1937 (Curran 1937; Vikhrev 2014: figs 4, 7, 8)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2014). New record: NAMIBIA, Windhoek env., 22.54°S 17.20°E, 1800-1900 m asl, 25-30 December 2018, N. Vikhrev, 14$, 8? (ZMUM).
Distribution. Afrotropical: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Namibia, Tanzania, Uganda.
Lispe keiseri Zielke, 1972 Lispe keiseri Zielke, 1972 (Vikhrev 2016: figs 20, 22)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2016). Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa, former Toamasina province.
Lispe kowarzi kowarzi Becker, 1903 Fig. 28
Lispe kowarzi Becker, 1903 Lispe pakistanensis Shinonaga et Afzal, 1989 (Vikhrev, 2012c)
Lispe kowarzi kowarzi Becker, 1903 (Vikhrev, 2014: fig. 43a)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2014). Distribution. Africa: S Palaearctic: Egypt, Morocco, Senegal. Also S Asia from Israel to India.
Lispe leucocephala Loew, 1856 Lispe frontalis Zielke, 1972 (Zhang et al. 2016) Lispe leucocephala Loew, 1856 (Zhang et al. 2016: 63-65 and figs. 1H, 23-25, 31KL; Vikhrev 2020)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2020). Distribution. Known from seashores, in Africa from Egypt and Madagascar. Also India, Gujarat.
Lispe loewi Ringdahl, 1922 Lispe loewi Ringdahl, 1922 (Vikhrev 2015: fig. 17; 2020: fig. 46)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2015; 2020). Distribution. Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Sudan (?). Also Palaearctic from Europe to Central Asia and S Siberia.
Lispe maculata Stein, 1913 Lispe sp. of leucospila-group (Pont 1990: 354, figs. 18, 19)
Lispe maculata Stein, 1913 (Vikhrev 2014: figs 3, 10)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2014). Distribution. Afrotropical: Ethiopia: Am-hara and Oromia reg.; Kenya; Malawi; Uganda; Yemen; Zimbabwe.
Figs 28-29. 28 — L. kowarzi kowarzi, female; 29 — L. pectinipes, female Рис. 28-29. 28 — L. kowarzi kowarzi, самка; 29 — L. pectinipes, самка
Lispe madagascariensis Zielke, 1972 L/spe madagascariensis Zielke, 1972 (Zielke 1972; Vikhrev 2016, redescription and figs 6, 7, 8)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2016). Distribution. So far reliably known from Madagascar, Central African Republic and Tanzania (Lindi, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Pwani and Ruvuma regions). Probably it is widely distributed in African lowlands.
Lispe marina Becker, 1913 Lispe lanzarotensis Baez, 1978 (Pont 1986) Lispe marina Becker, 1913 (Hennig 1960; Bergerard 1995; Vikhrev 2020: figs 8, 9, 16) Material examined: see Vikhrev (2020). Distribution. Africa: Morocco and Canary Isl. Also Atlantic coast of France, Portugal, and Spain.
Lispe medvedevi Vikhrev, 2014 Lispe medvedevi Vikhrev, 2014 (Vikhrev 2014: 155-156 and fig. 24)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2014). Distribution. Madagascar, Alaotra-Man-goro region.
Lispe nana Macquart, 1835 Fig. 47
Lispe nana Macquart, 1835 (Hennig 1960; Vikhrev 2014: figs 40-42)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2014; 2020).
Distribution. Africa: Canary; Cape Verde; Egypt; Ethiopia (Amhara and Oromia); Mo-
rocco; Sudan; Yemen. Also Palaearctic: from Europe to Central Asia; Oriental: N India. The record from South Africa (Pont 1980) most probably is misidentification of Afrotropical L. triangularis Vikhrev, 2014. For a related form from Reunion Island of an uncertain taxonom-ic status see L. martirei in Addendum.
Lispe nivalis Wiedemann, 1830
Lispe nivalis Wiedemann, 1830 (Vikhrev 2012c; Vikhrev 2014: fig. 21; Vikhrev 2020: fig. 29)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2012c; 2014).
New records: NAMIBIA, Windhoek env., 22.545°S 17.255°E, 1870 m asl, 28-31 January 2021, N. Vikhrev, 3$, 1$ (ZMUM).
Distribution. Widespread throughout Africa except for Madagascar where it is replaced by the related L. medvedevi. Also S-W Palae-arctic from Iberian to Arabian Peninsulas.
Lispe niveimaculata Stein, 1906 Fig. 44
Lispe sineseta Zielke, 1971, syn. nov.
Material examined: Syntypes 1$, 1$:
W. Africa (TANZANIA), Nyassa-See, Lan-genburg (= Neu Langenburg = Tukuyu, 9.25°S 33.65°E) July 1898, S. Fulleborn (ZMHU).
CAMEROON, South reg., Sangmelima env. (« 2.8°N 12.1°E), 7 November 1987, F. Kaplan, 1$ (TAUI);
IVORY COAST, N of Man (7.5°N 7.5°W), 500-600 m asl, waterfalls, 20 February 1998, C. Kassebeer et Hilger, 2$$, 1$ (ZMUM);
Londana (= Touba, 8.3°N 7.7°W), 7 July 1890, 1$ (DEI).
KENYA, Rift Valley prov., Kericho env., 0.33°S 35.33°E, 25 August 2003, S. Kleynbegr, 2? (TAUI).
TANZANIA: Tanga (5.1°S 39.1°E) vicinity, 25 August 2003, L. Friedman, 1$ (TAUI); 11 km E of Mikumi, 7.356°S 37.059°E, pond in dry forest: 5-7 December 2015, N. Vikhrev, 1$, 1?; 24-25 February 2017, N. Vikhrev, 1$, 1? (ZMUM).
SOUTH AFRICA, Durban, 1902, F. Muir, 2$, 1? (ZMHU).
REDESCRIPTION. Male (Fig. 44). Body size 6-6.5 mm. Head. Frontal triangle shining black, interfrontalia math black, fronto-orbital plate shining black but grey dusted in frontal third, parafacial yellow, occiput partly subshining. Arista in basal half with hairs 1.5 times longer than antenna width, in apical half bare. Antenna black. Palpi yellow to dirty-brown.
Thorax. Scutum and scutellum black with 2 brownish submedian vittae, pleura grey dusted. Scutum covered with only very short and sparse ground hairs. Dorsocentral 0+1 (however, there is a pair of short strong spines just behind the neck in dc rows). Katepisternal reduced to 0+1; postpronotal setae reduced; meron bare; anepimeron with 8-10 setulae. Wings distinctly brownish. Halters black.
Legs black but trochanters yellow and posterior tibiae from yellow to brown. Fore coxa with spine-like setae: 1-3 in basal half and 2 downward directed ones at apex. f1 with only 2-3 short pv spines at apical half. t1 without or with p setae. Mid coxa on lower edge with outward directed spine. f2 thickened in basal half; with short spinulose setae: 2a before middle, 1 p in apical third and 1 p at apex. t2 with 2 (1-3) short p setae. f3 with v spine at basal third; ad row consisting of short and sparse spine-like setae. t3 with 1 ad seta. Tarsi unmodified.
Abdomen black with white lateral spots on tergites 3 to 5.
Female differs as follows: body size 6.57.5 mm; setae on legs shorter; f2 with only 1a seta; f3 without ventral spine at base.
Distribution. An Afrotropical species recorded from Cameroon, Central African Rep. (Dr. Miroslav Bartak, pers. comm.), Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Tanzania, S Africa.
Synonymy. The description of L. sineseta (Zielke 1971a) fits L. niveimaculata. According to Zielke (1971a), L. sineseta runs in the key by Emden (1941) to L. niveimaculata but differs from the latter by the absence of a pv seta on t1. However, in the original description by Stein (1906) L. niveimaculata has t1 bare. Actually, chaetotaxy of t1 is variable, more frequently it is bare but in 30% specimens with pv seta. So, L. niveimaculata Stein, 1906 = L. sineseta Zielke, 1971, syn. nov.
Lispe nuba Wiedemann, 1830 Lispe nuba Wiedemann, 1830 (Vikhrev 2012b; 2020)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2012b). New records: BOTSWANA: S Distr., Kanye, 24.95°S 25.34°E, 1270 m asl, 2830 January 2013, A. Medvedev, 42$, 26?; N-W Distr, Maun, 19.92°S 23.51°E, 940 m asl, 3-8 February 2013, A. Medvedev, 1$, 4?; Central Distr., Nata, Nata R., 20.21°S 26.18°E, 915 m asl, 9 February 2013, A. Medvedev, 1$, 2? (ZMUM).
KENYA, a pool near Malewa R., 1900 m asl, 0.67°S 36.39°E, 19 November 2012, D. Gavryushin, 6$, 9? (ZMUM).
MADAGASCAR, Vavony, 18.77°S 49.17°E, 1 December 2012, A. Medvedev, 2? (ZMUM).
NAMIBIA, Windhoek env., 22.545°S 17.255°E, 1870 m asl, 11-15 January 2021, N. Vikhrev, 3$, 3? (ZMUM).
Distribution. Widespread throughout Africa. Also Israel.
Lispe ochracea Becker, 1910 Lispe bivittata Stein, 1909 (Pont 1986: records for Egypt, Sudan and Yemen; Pont 1991: records for Saudi Arabia and Oman), mis-identifications
Lispe canis Malloch, 1922, stat. nov. Lispe bivittata spp. subbivittata Mou, 1992 Lispe subbivittata Mou, 1992 (Vikhrev 2014: fig. 22)
Lispe ochracea Becker, 1910 (Vikhrev 2020) Material examined: see Vikhrev (2014; 2020).
Figs 30-35. L. patersoni sp. nov.: 30 — the holotype, general view; 31 — the holotype, head; 32 — the holotype, abdomen, posterior view; 33 — cercal plate; 34 — left hind tibia, male; 35 — the exact collecting site of the type series in Mtwara town, flies were found on the stony littoral zone (photo: https://donquiblog.com/tag/old-boma/)
Рис. 30-35. L. patersoni sp. nov.: 30 — голотип, общий вид ; 31 — голотип, голова; 32 — голотип, брюшко, вид сзади; 33 — церки; 34 — самец, левая задняя голень; 35 — точное место поимки типовой серии, город Мтвара, каменистая литораль (фото: https://donquiblog.com/tag/old-boma/)
Distribution. Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, Yemen. Asia: Arabian Peninsula, China (Laoning prov.), India, Iran, Sri Lanka.
Remarks. Pont (1977) synonymized L. canis described from Sri Lanka to L. bivittata. However, Malloch's (1922b) description of male t3 and tar3-1 indicates that it is L. ochra-cea as in the here assumed sense. So, Lispe ochracea Becker, 1910 = Lispe canis Malloch, 1922, stat. nov.
Lispe orientalis Wiedemann, 1824
Lispe orientalis Wiedemann, 1824 (Vikhrev 2011: figs 3-3, 3-4, 5-2; Vikhrev 2014) Material examined: see Vikhrev (2014). New record: MOROCCO, Ouirgane env., 950 m asl, 31.176°N 8.080°W, 12-14 May 2021, O. Kosterin, 3$, 6? (ZMUM).
Distribution. In Africa known from Egypt (Sinai) and Morocco (High Atlas). A widespread South Eurasian species.
Lispe patersoni sp. nov.
http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/d2a3d757-fbe6-44f0-abc9-49d600573c05 Lispe patersoni patersoni Figs 30-35 Holotype: male, TANZANIA, Mtwara reg., Mtwara, 10.30°S 40.15°E, 21-22 December 2015, N. Vikhrev (ZMUM).
Paratypes, 17$, 31$: EGYPT, Sinai, Ras Burha (South Sinai « 27.8°N 34.2°E): 5 September 1976, A. Freidberg, 2$; 23 September 1977, Kugler, 1$ (TAUI and ZMUM).
TANZANIA: Lindi reg., Lindi env., 9.95°S 39.72°E, 23-26 December 2015, N. Vikhrev, 10$; Mtwara reg., Mtwara, 10.259°S 40.166°E, 21-22 December 2015, N. Vikhrev, 14$, 21$ (ZMUM).
Other material: MADAGASCAR, Nosy Be Isl., Ambatoloaka beach (13.398°S 48.206°E), 4-7 April 1991, A. Freidberg, F. Kaplan, 1$ (see Remarks).
Description. Male. Body length 4.14.6 mm. Head with frons, face, parafacials and gena black; fronto-orbital plates and frontal triangle dark brown (Fig. 31); occiput dark-grey. Parafacialia and gena narrow, so is frontal triangle. Fronto-orbital plates with 3 long inclinate setae and with 5-6 setulae in outer row. Antennae black, postpedicel rather long, falling of mouth margin by 1/3 of its own length. Aristal hairs as long as width of antenna. Vibrissae indistinct from setae around it. Palpi black, only moderately and gradually widened at apex.
Thorax black, with weak brownish-grey pollinosity; dc 2+3, all well distinct; meron bare; anepimeron with 8-10 setulae. Wings darkened at apex between veins R2+3 and R4+5 (Fig. 30), calypters white, halters black. Legs dark, basal 1/4 of tibiae and tarsi yellowish. The ventral spines on femora characteristic for the L. caesia group are absent. t1 without submedian seta. f2 with 4-5 fine v setae in basal half and 2 p preapical. t2 with 1 pv below middle. Hind coxa with seta on posterior margin. f3 with a complete row of 7-8 av seta and 3-4 fine v setae in basal half. t3: ad below middle and preapical d fine and long (about 0.4x as long as length of tibia); ground ad setulae in basal half distinctly elongated; a to av surfaces with 7-8 setae in apical half. Hind tarsus slightly modified: tar3-1 with av and pv rows of waved setulae (Fig. 34).
Abdomen grey dusted, tergites 1+2 to 4 with a large black triangular median spot each, tergite 5 mostly grey with some black pattern antero-laterally (Fig. 32). Male cercal plate as shown in Fig. 33, cercal plate heart-shaped, typical for the L. caesia group.
Female differs from male as follows: body length 4.2-4.7 mm. Vibrissae strong. Wings less distinctly darkened at apex. f3 with av setae weaker but more numerous (9-10) and with strong preapical av. t3 with ad and apical d shorter but stronger and with only 1(2) av seta. Hind tarsus unmodified.
Etymology. Named in honour of a South African dipterologist H. E. Paterson and to apprise his contribution to the taxonomy of African Lispe.
Habitat. Flies were found on the stony littoral zone of the Indian Ocean, the exact collecting site of the type series in Mtwara is shown in Fig. 35.
Remarks. Specimens in the type series of L. patersoni from Tanzania and Egypt are uniform, while the single Madagascan male differs as follows:
— t3 in apical half with 3 long (about 0.6x as long as length of tibia) and waved ad setae, (other setae on t3 also longer than in L. patersoni). f3 with av setae about 2x as long as femur width; wing only indistinctly
darkened at apex........................
.................. male from Madagascar
— t3 in apical half with only 1 long (about 0.4x as long as length of tibia) and not waved ad setae. f3 with av setae shorter at most 1.5x as long as femur width; wing distinctly darkened at apex.....................
......... males from Tanzania and Egypt
I suppose that Madagascan population
has a taxonomic rank of subspecies but for reasonable conclusions, more specimens are needed.
Lispepectinipes Becker, 1903 Fig. 29
Lispe leucospila Wiedemann, 1830 (Pater-son 1953: 168; Hennig 1960; Xue et Zhang 2005: 122), misidentifications
Lispe cochlearia Becker, 1904 (Hennig 1960)
Lispe mixticia Séguy, 1941 (Hennig 1960) Lispe lateralis Stein, 1906 (Hennig 1960) Lispe xanthophleba Séguy, 1950, syn. nov. Lispe paraspila Zielke, 1972 (Vikhrev 2014) Lispe pectinipes Becker, 1903: (Lyneborg 1970; Vikhrev 2014: figs 5-6)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2012c; 2014).
New record: NAMIBIA, Windhoek env., 22.54°S 17.27°E, 1860 m asl, 21-24 November 2018, N. Vikhrev, 7$, 2? (ZMUM).
Synonymy. The female holotype of L. xan-tophleba was examined in MNHN: NIGER, Baguezan Mt. (17.7°N 8.6°E), 1200-1300 m asl, 26-31 August 1947, L. Chopard, A. Vil-liers. I found that Lispe pectinipes Becker, 1903 = Lispe xantophlebia Seguy, 1950, syn. nov.
Distribution. Widespread from Morocco, Egypt and Yemen in the north to Namibia and South Africa in the south, as well as in the Oriental region. Common in SW Palaearctic; the northernmost known locality is Russia, Sochi, 43.4°N. Introduced in Hawaiian Oahu Island.
Lispe pennitarsis Stein, 1918 Lispe pennitarsis Stein, 1918 (Vikhrev 2014: figs 49-50)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2014). Distribution. Madagascar.
Lispe polonaise sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/2b644fb8-989e-47bd-8726-175ffc6145b2
Figs 36-39 Holotype: male, NAMIBIA, Walvis-Bay env., 22.97°S 14.54°E, 5-9 December 2018, N. Vikhrev (ZMUM).
Paratypes, 13$, 26$: NAMIBIA, Walvis-Bay env.: Bird Sanctuary, 22.968°S 14.533°E, 21 November 2018, KEIB exp., leg., 4$, 5$ (NCU); 22.97°S 14.54°E, 5-9 December 2018, N. Vikhrev, 9$, 20$; Luderitz env., 26.61°S 15.19°E, sewage fields, 20-22 January 2021, N. Vikhrev, 1$ (ZMUM).
Description. Male (Fig. 36). Body length 6.5-7.5 mm. Head with frontal triangle, fron-to-orbital plates, face, parafacials and gena with an intense whitish pollinosity (Fig. 37); occiput grey. Frontal triangle slightly widened with slightly convex margins. Fronto-orbital plates with 3-4 long inclinate setae and with 8-9 setulae in outer row; parafacials wide, with 9-10 hairs along its length. Antennae black, short, postpedicel falling of mouth margin by 1.5 its own length. Aristal hairs shorter than half width of antenna. Vibrissae strong. Palpi yellow with outer surface with dense silver pollinosity.
Thorax evenly grey dusted. dc 2+3, all strong; meron bare; anepimeron with about 15 setulae. Wings clear, calypters white, halters brown. Legs dark, densely grey dusted, with reddish knees. The ventral spines on femora characteristic for the L. caesia group are absent. t1 with long submedian pv seta. f2 with about 10 fine v setae in basal half and 2p preapical. t2 with a long pv below middle. Hind coxa with seta on posterior margin.
f3 with 4-6 strong av at apical half and 8-9 fine long pv setae at basal 2/3. t3 with 1 long and strong median ad and with 4-5 av and 7-8 fine pv at apical half. Hind tarsus modified, tar3-1 with two approximated, short and strong v spines near base (Fig. 38).
Abdomen evenly whitish-grey dusted, only tergite 3 with a pair of indistinct dark spots. Cercal plate with elongated and pointed apical part and with a pair of lateral processes.
Female differs from male as follows: body length 7-8 mm. Ventral spines distinct on f1 and f2. t2 in 50% females with ad seta on one tibia, the rest 50% without ad. f3 with 2 av and 2-3 pv. t3 apart from ad with 2-3 av seta in apical third, these much stronger than in male. Hind tarsus unmodified.
Etymology. The name refers to the French word Polonaise meaning a Polish in the feminine gender. Named in honour of my Polish colleagues from Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun: Andrzej Grzywacz, Marcin Piwszynski and Krzysztof Szpila. They visited Bird Sanctuary near Walvis-Bay two weeks before me and first collected this species.
Habitat. Specimens were found in the area of Bird Sanctuary. It is a nice (Fig. 39) but quite artificial landscape—sewage fields of Walvis-Bay town. Due to strong evaporation in the Namib desert, the waters of the sanctuary lakes are salty, as is the soil around them. What the natural habitat of L. polonaise sp. nov. remains unknown.
Lispe pygmaea Fallen, 1825 Lispe argenteifacies Grimshaw, 1901 (Vikhrev 2016)
Lispe ponti Hardy, 1981 (Vikhrev 2016) Lispe aureola Shinonaga, 2014 (Vikhrev 2016) Lispe japonica Shinonaga, 2014 (Vikhrev 2016)
Lispe pygmaea Fallen, 1825 (Vikhrev 2016; Vikhrev 2020: fig. 35)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2016). Distribution. Africa: Egypt, Luxor reg.; Ethiopia, Amhara reg. (Vikhrev 2016); Cape Verde and Sudan (Pont 1980). Also widespread in Palaearctic from south to about 60°N; introduced in Hawaii and recently in Japan (Vikhrev 2016).
Figs 36-39. L. polonaise sp. nov.: 36 — the holotype, general view; 37 — the holotype, head; 38 — left hind leg, male; 39 — the exact collecting site of the type series in Namibia: Bird Sanctuary — sewage fields of Walvis-Bay town
Рис. 36-39. L. polonaise sp. nov.: 36 — голотип, общий вид; 37 — голотип, голова; 38 — самец, левая задняя нога; 39 — точное место поимки типовой серии с Намибии: птичий санктуарий около города Уолфиш-Бей
Lispe rigida Becker, 1903 Lispe rigida Becker, 1904 (Vikhrev 2012c: figs 21, 31, 32)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2012c). Distribution. Africa: Egypt and Morocco. Also Israel, Iran, India (Rajasthan), Saudi Arabia, and Turkmenistan.
Lispe scalaris Loew, 1847 Figs 42, 43
Lispe persica Becker, 1904 (Vikhrev 2012a) Lispe flavipes Stein, 1913, syn. nov. Lispe scalaris maroccana Canzoneri et Meneghini, 1966 (Vikhrev 2014)
Lispe sp. (Pont 1991: 355) (Vikhrev 2014) Lispe scalaris Loew, 1847 (Vikhrev, 2014) Material examined: see Vikhrev (2014). New records: NAMIBIA: Windhoek env., 22.54°S 17.20°E, 1900 m asl, 1-4 December 2018, N. Vikhrev, 2$; Oanob L., 23.323°S 17.018°E, 1460 m asl, 1 December 2018, N. Vikhrev, 2$; Windhoek env., 22.545°S 17.255°E, 1870 m asl, 11-15 January 2021, N. Vikhrev, 15$, 2$; Noor-doewer env., Orange R., 28.686°S 17.557°E, 2325 January 2021, N. Vikhrev, 2$, 2$ (all ZMUM).
TANZANIA, Dodoma reg. Dodoma env., 6.20°S 35.75°E, pond, 1150 m asl, 11-13 February 2017, N. Vikhrev, 2$, 2$ (ZMUM).
Distribution. Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, Namibia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania. Palaearctic: Near East (Israel and Saudi Arabia), Turkey, Iran, Turkmenistan; Oriental: India, Rajasthan.
Synonymy. 1. In the African Catalogue
(Pont 1980) L. scalaris was listed only for Egypt and Sudan. Vikhrev (2014) reported that it is more widely distributed from Central Asia and India to Ethiopia and Morocco in Africa. The new records listed above show that L. scalaris is distributed throughout Africa, in other words it is present in most arid localities of Asia and Africa.
Specimens of L. scalaris have thorax densely dusted or mostly shining as a result of wiping of dusting in aged specimens (due to this variability L. persica was described). Colour of the femora is also variable. Indian males have femora almost entirely dark except for their very apices (see Vikhrev 2014: fig. 34a), in females the yellow colour is a little more extended. At the other end of the range, in Namibia, males have more yellow femora, f2 is yellow on almost apical half (Fig. 42). Namibian females have colour of the femora varying from entirely
yellow, as shown in Fig. 43, to the same as in males. Specimens from Morocco or Ethiopia have the intermediate colour of femora. Females with yellow or almost yellow legs were reported not only from S Africa: from Morocco (Canzoneri and Meneghini 1966 as L. scalaris maroccana; Vikhrev 2014) and Saudi Arabia (Pont 1991: 355 as Lispe sp.). Vikhrev (2014) found that yellow-legged females occur together with those with dark or partly yellow femora and came to the conclusion that it is not a separate taxon but a colour variation.
2. The identity of L. flavipes Stein, 1913 needs clarification. It was described from South Africa, Willowmore (33.28°S 23.48°E) from two female syntypes (note that the yellow-legged specimens of L. scalaris are always females). Vikhrev (2014) identified the series of Lispe collected in Madagascar as L. flavipes because Madagascan specimens have all femora yellow, belong to the L. scalaris group and were collected in the southern part of Africa. The identification seemed correct in 2014, but presently we know that the yellow-legged form of L. scalaris is rather common in S Africa. Syntypes of L. flavipes were destroyed in 1956 in Budapest (Pont 2013). I checked Stein's (1913) description again: frontal triangle black and tergites 3 and 4 with a pair of black shining spots. It fits L. scalaris but contradicts Madagascan specimens which have whitish-yellow frontal triangle and abdomen evenly yellowish-grey dusted without any spots. Thus, Lispe scalaris Loew, 1847 = Lispe flavipes Stein, 1913, syn. nov. and the Madagascan series is described below as L. selena sp. nov.
Lispe selena sp. nov.
http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/3e49f00d-42db-4b1f-9003-45730fdd9d3b Figs 40, 41
Lispe flavipes Stein, 1913 (Vikhrev 2014), misidentification
Holotype, male, MADAGASCAR, Toamasina reg., Manambato, 18.75°S 49.15°E, 27-30 November 2012, A. Medve-dev (ZMUM).
Paratypes 6$, 7$: the same data as the holotype.
Description. Male. Body slender, length 5.1-5.6 mm (Fig. 40). Head densely dusted: fronto-orbital plates yellow-white (without shining black spots on upper part as in L. scalaris); interfrontalia dark grey; frontal triangle very distinct, wide, yellow; face and para-facials golden-yellow, gena whitish; occiput whitish-grey (without shining black spots on upper part). Fronto-orbital plates with 2(3) inclinate, 1 reclinate seta and several setulae in outer row. Parafacials narrow, with a row of minute hairs. Pedicel yellow, postpedicel black, yellowish at very base; aristal hairs half as long as antenna width. Palpi medium wide, yellow.
Thorax densely grey dusted, scutum with indistinct pair of narrow vittae along dorso-centrals. dc 2+3 all strong; prst ac hairs in 3 rows (anteriorly sometimes in 2 widely separated rows, posteriorly in 3-4); Katepister-nals 1:2; anepimeron with 1-3 setulae; meron bare. Wings slightly brownish darkened in apical 1/3 from level of M-Cu crossvein (Fig. 40). Legs. Trochanters, femora, tibiae and fore tarsus yellow, posterior tarsi darkened. f2 with 1 pd at apex and 1 pd at apical 1/3; f3 with short submedian ad (and ground setulae on pv surface elongated in basal half); t1 without setae; t2 with 1 p; t3 with a short ad.
Abdomen evenly grey dusted. Cercal plate as shown in Fig. 41.
Female similar to the male, differs as follows: f3 without av; wings hyaline.
Diagnosis. Lispe selena sp. nov differs from related L. scalaris by larger (5.1-5.6 mm) body; occiput, abdomen and scutum without shining black areas; abdomen without any dark pattern; yellow frontal triangle; darkened in apical 1/3 wings.
Etymology. Named selena to place the new species in the African list immediately below related L. scalaris.
Lispe sexnotata Macquart, 1843
Lispe sexnotata Macquart, 1843
Material examined: MADAGASCAR: Andasibe, 18.94°S 48.42°E, 6 December 2012, A. Medvedev, 14$, 13$ (ZMUM).
REUNION, riviere Langevin dans les Hauts de Saint-Joseph, 1000 m asl (21.28°S 55.66°E),
Figs 40-44. 40 — L. selena sp. nov., the holotype, general view; 41 — L. selena sp. nov., cercal plate; 42 — L. scalaris, male with typical colour of legs; 43 — L. scalaris, Namibian female with yellow femora; 44 — L. niveimaculata male, general view
Рис. 40-44. 40 — Ь. 8в1впа sp. голотип, общий вид; 41 — Ь. 8в1впа sp. церки; 42 — Ь. зеа1апз, самец с типичной окраской ног; 43 — Ь. 8еа1аг1з, намибийская самка с желтыми бедрами; 44 — Ь. п1ув1таеы1аЬа, самец, общий вид
4 October 2006, D. Martiré, 1$ (l'Insectarium de La Réunion).
Distribution. Madagascar and Reunion.
Lispe stuckenbergi Zielke, 1970 Lispe stuckenbergi Zielke, 1970 (Vikhrev 2016: fig. 11)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2016). Distribution. Madagascar: Alaotra-Man-goro, Analamanga and Vakinankaratra regions. A Madagascan species related to L. dichaeta. Known only from highlands, 9201570 m asl.
Lispe tentaculata De Geer, 1776 Lispe tentaculata De Geer, 1776 (Vikhrev 2011; Vikhrev 2014)
Lispe tentaculata tentaculata De Geer, 1776
Material examined: see (Vikhrev 2014, under L. tentaculata).
Distribution. Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia: Am-hara and Oromia regions. Holarctic species with remarkably wide range from over Polar Circle (68.6°N) to the Equator almost (8.8°N) on African highlands.
Lispe tentaculata draperi Séguy, 1933, stat. nov.
Material examined: see (Vikhrev 2014, under L. draperi).
Distribution. Africa: Algeria and Morocco.
Remarks. Hennig (1960: 430) examined the type L. draperi and provisionally maintained it as a good species although he considered that the type might be an aberrant specimen of L. tentaculata. Later it was sunk as a synonym of L. tentaculata by Pont (1986). Vikhrev (2011) found that L. draperi has an inner process on sternite 5 of a different shape (short and with blunt apex) than that of L. tentaculata (see: Vikhrev 2014: figs 15 and 16). According to the generally accepted opinion that even minute differences in the structure of genitalia are especially taxonomically significant, I proposed to again regard L. draperi as a valid species.
Presently I no longer share this point of view. I estimate that the Maghrebian population of L. tentaculata is isolated from the main Palaearctic population of the species since the end of the last African humid period when Sahara was a savannah, not a desert as now. The last African humid period finished 5000-6000 years ago, this is not enough for forming repro-
Figs 45-46. L. zumpti: 45 — male, general view; 46 — collecting site of my Namibian series Рис. 45-46. L. zumpti: 45 — самец, общий вид; 46 — место поимки вида в Намибии
ductive isolation. I believe that the subspecies rank L. tentaculata draperi stat. nov. would be the best solution.
Lispe triangularis Vikhrev, 2014 Lispe triangularis Vikhrev, 2014 (Vikhrev 2014: 161-162)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2014). New record: NAMIBIA: Windhoek env., 22.54°S 17.20°E, 1800-1900 m asl, 2530 December 2018, N. Vikhrev, 3$, 2 $; Luderitz env., 26.61°S 15.19°E, sewage fields, 20-22 January 2021, N. Vikhrev, 5$, 8$ (ZMUM).
Distribution. Kenya, Nakuru and Nyandarua Co; Namibia, Windhoek env. The related form from Reunion Island has an uncertain taxonomic status, see L. martirei in Addendum.
Lispe tuberculitarsis Stein, 1913 Lispe tuberculitarsis Stein, 1913 (Vikhrev 2014: figs 46-48)
Material examined: see Vikhrev (2014). New record: BOTSWANA, N-W Distr, Maun, 19.92°S 23.51°E, 940 m asl, 3-8 February 2013, A. Medvedev, 1$ (ZMUM).
Distribution. Afrotropical: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Tanzania, South Africa.
Lispe wittei Paterson, 1956 Figs 25-27 Lispe ethiopica Vikhrev, 2012 (Vikhrev 2012b; 2014), syn. nov.
Lispe wittei Paterson, 1956 Material examined: see Vikhrev (2012b; 2014).
New records: TANZANIA, Mbeya reg.: Rukwa L., 8.36°S 32.84°E, 800 m asl, 13 December 2015, N. Vikhrev, 5$, 6$; Nyasa L., Matema, 9.50°S 34.01°E, 15 December 2015, N. Vikhrev, 1$ (ZMUM).
Distribution. Afrotropical: D. R. Congo, Kasai and North Kivu prov.; Ethiopia, Oromia reg.; Kenya, Nakuru Co.; Tanzania, Mbeya reg.
Synonymy. Described from 4$ and 5$ from D. R. Congo, Kasai and North Kivu provinces. According to the detailed description by Paterson (1956): palpi mainly dark; 2+4 dc, two post anterior pairs small; meron setulose above hind coxa; legs dark except for the base of tibiae; t1 with p; t2 with 1 pd and 1 av; f3 with 1 av preapical; t3 slightly curved dorso-ventrally, with av, ad and pd; tar3-1 broadened (2x width t3, much broader than in L. cilitarsis), flattened and curved, with long apically curved a and v setulae all along and p setulae at base; cercal plate as in Figs 25-26. These characters and cercal shape entirely fit those of L. ethiopica, so Lispe wittei Paterson, 1956 = Lispe ethiopica Vikhrev, 2012, syn. nov.
Lispe zumpti Paterson, 1953 Figs 45-46 Lispe zumpti Paterson, 1953 (Paterson 1953: 174-176)
Fig. 47. L. nana, female (photo: Maherjos, Diptera.info) Рис. 47. L. nana, самка (фото: Maherjos, Diptera.info)
Material examined: NAMIBIA, Windhoek env., 22.545°S 17.255°E, 1870 m asl, 11 December 2018, N. Vikhrev, 3$, 2? (ZMUM).
Distribution. Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Remarks. The dark medial band on the wing is hardly distinct under the microscope, but is more clearly visible without magnification (Fig. 45). There is nothing else to add to the detailed Paterson's description.
I believe that L. zumpti belongs to the L. desjardinsii group (Vikhrev 2014) as a grey dusted fly with long legs and slender body and t2 with p-seta in pv position.
Addendum
Those Lispe taxa on which I have come to a clear understanding of their identity are considered above in the alphabetical list and below in the identification key. Here I offer an additional alphabetical list of the African taxa of Lispe which were included neither in the main list nor in the key. The starting point for taxa included in the Addendum is Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region (Pont 1980: 750-752). The reasons for
exclusion from the main checklist vary: syn-onymized species; species with uncertain true identity; those not recorded for Africa; with a new taxonomic status.
andrewi Paterson, 1953 A synonym (Vikhrev 2014), see L. pectinipes.
asetopleura Vikhrev, 2012 A synonym (Vikhrev 2014), see L. fulvitar-sus fulvitarsus Snyder, 1949
aurocochlearia Seguy, 1950 Type material examined: Holotype (marked TYPE) NIGER, Tarrouadji Mts. (17.3°N 8.6°E), 900 m asl, 8-12 September 1947, L. Chopard, A. Villiers. Paratype NIGER, Baguezan Mts. (17.7°N 8.6°E), 12001300 m asl, 26-31 August 1947, L. Chopard, A. Villiers (MNHN).
Remarks. Five years ago I shortly examined these female types but I couldn't come to a definite conclusion. According to my notes specimens were in not good condition. They have thorax as L. draperi (scutum with a median pruinose patch at the level of 2nd and 3rd post dc), but the abdominal pattern and t3 without pd as those of L. nana. Presently
I examined L. capensis and found out that it fits well my descriptive notes on L. aurococh-learia. However, reexamination of types in MNHN is required to be sure.
bivittata Stein, 1909 Remarks. As it was discussed in Vikhrev (2012c; 2014; 2020), the African records of L. bivittata Stein, 1909 (Hennig 1960; Pont 1991) were misidentifications of Lispe ochra-cea Becker, 1910. L. bivittata is excluded from the African fauna as an Oriental species which is distributed from India to Sundaland.
congensis Zielke, 1970 Remarks. No material examined. Described from 1$ and 7$ from D. R. Congo, May Ya Moto (0.90°S 29.35°E). According to the description (Zielke 1970): body length 6.5 mm; palpi yellow; dc 2+3; legs grey (dark?); t1 with p, without ad seta; t2 with p; t3 with av, ad and pd; f3 with 2 av in apical half; vein M straight. The description fits L. zumpti supposing that Zielke overlooked the dark medial band on the wing which is hardly distinct under a microscope.
draperi Seguy, 1933 Considered here in a new status, see L. ten-taculata draperi Seguy, 1933.
ethiopica Vikhrev, 2012 Synonymized here, see Lispe wittei Pater-son, 1956.
flavipes Stein, 1913 Synonymized here, see Lispe scalaris Loew, 1847.
frontalis Zielke, 1972 A synonym (Zhang et al. 2016), see Lispe leucocephala Loew, 1856.
fulvitarsus (Lispacoenosia) Snyder, 1949 See Lispefulvitarsusfulvitarsus Snyder, 1949.
leucospila Wiedemann, 1830 All African records are misidentifications of L. pectinipes. L. leucospila is distributed in E Palaearctic, Oriental region and Australia (Vikhrev 2014; 2020), it is excluded from the African fauna.
leucosticta Stein, 1918 Remarks. No material examined. As discussed in (Vikhrev 2016) L. leucosticta was
described from an unknown locality in Madagascar, the holotype is in Vienna, and it could be the oldest name for L. madagascariensis or L. stuckenbergi.
longicollis Meigen, 1826 Remarks. The southernmost reliable records are from 35-37°N (Turkey, Turkmenistan) (Vikhrev 2014). I have not found any specimens of L. longicollis from Israel in TAUI collection. Thus, I regard the record from Sudan (Pont 1980) as a misidentification and exclude L. longicollis from the African list. macfiei Emden, 1941 Considered here in a new status, see Lispe geniseta macfiei Emden, 1941.
mapaensis Paterson, 1953 A synonym (Vikhrev 2014), see L. pectin-ipes.
martirei Vikhrev, 2014 Described from Reunion (Vikhrev 2014: 160-161 and figs 36-39). Closely related to L. nana and L. triangularis, these species share such unique characters as post-pronotal lobes with spinulose setae on anterior part and $ abdominal tergite 3 with a small rounded knob-like process at each ventral fore-marginal corner (visible on the not dissected abdomen). L. martirei differs from other species of the L. nana species complex by dark palpi; darkened wings and border of calypters; darker abdominal pattern; thicker proboscis. L. martirei has a frontal triangle with microrough surface as in L. nana, scutum shining black as in L. triangularis. In order not to complicate the key, I decided to place this species in the Addendum until its taxonomic status is clarified.
miochaeta Speiser, 1910 Remarks. No material examined. As discussed in Vikhrev (2016) the type locality of L. miochaeta is the grassland around Mt Kilimanjaro, syntypes should be in Stockholm. It could be the oldest name for L. dichaeta or L. madagascariensis.
modesta Stein, 1913 A synonym (Vikhrev 2012b), see Lispe as-similis Wiedemann, 1824.
neo Malloch, 1922 Remarks. No material examined. Described from a female from Ghana, Secondi (4.94°N 1.71°W). The description by Malloch (1922b) reminds L. tentaculata; 2+4 dc (or 2+2 if very weak regarded as absent); t1 with submedian d and p; t2 with p; f3 with median pv and apical av; t3 with 1 ad and 1 pd; ter-gites 3-4 with dark triangular spots divided by median vitta. Tibial chaetotaxy fits that of the L. desjardinsii group (Vikhrev 2014). paraneo Zielke, 1972 Lispe paraneo Zielke, 1972 (Couri et al. 2006, erroneous key; Vikhrev 2014, misidentification) Remarks. Described from 1$ and 4? from Saint Augustin (23.55°S 43.76°E), near To-liara, Madagascar. Vikhrev (2014) identified the series of L. cilitarsis-like flies collected in the vicinity of Toliara as L. paraneo. This series also runs to L. paraneo in the key for Madagascan Lispe (Couri et al. 2006). Later I found that the key (Couri et al. 2006) contains errors and contradicts the description (Zielke 1972). According to Zielke male L. paraneo is characterized as follows: 5.5-6.5 mm; palpi yellow; face and frons silver-white; antennae short; thorax grey dusted without distinct pattern; dc 2+4; vein M "rather straight"; legs grey; t1 with p; t2 with 1 p and 1 ad; f3 with some weak v setae in basal half; t3 with 1-2 av, 1 ad; and pd; f3 with 2 av in apical half; tar3-1 with a brush of long setulae; abdomen evenly grey, with an indistinct dark spot on tergite 4. So, my identification of Madagascan L. cilitarsis-like Lispe as L. paraneo was a mis-identification. Zielke's description does not fit any other Lispe species I know. Only examination of type material may clarify the situation. paraspila Zielke, 1972 A synonym (Vikhrev 2014), see L. pectinipes.
silvai Paterson, 1953 Synonymized here, see L. flavicornis.
sineseta Zielke, 1971 Synonymized here, see L. niveimaculata.
surda Curran, 1937 Lispe ambigua surda (Emden 1941) Lispe surda Curran, 1937 (Curran 1937; Paterson 1953: figs 14, 15; Vikhrev 2016)
Distribution. Described from South Africa, Bloemfontein (29.1°S 26.2°E, 1400 m asl).
Remarks. No material examined. To make the key below as reliable as possible I included in it only personally examined species. I trust Paterson (1953) publication but the information given there is scarce. That is why I placed this species in the Addendum. L. surda runs in my key to couplet 30. Male L. surda differs from males of L. ambigua and L. biseta by the absence of an anteriorly directed projection anterior part of sternite 4. Male cercal plate— Paterson (1953: fig. 15) or Vikhrev (2016: fig. 5). Body length: 7 mm ($) or 7-7.5 mm (?) and in female f2 without strong median av as in L. biseta. t2 with ad as in L. ambigua. symonii Becker, 1910 As discussed in Vikhrev (2020) the taxo-nomic status of the species cannot be clarified so far; so this taxon is listed under L. candi-cans in a broad sense.
xanthophleba Seguy, 1950 Synonymized here, see L. pectinipes.
Identification key for Lispe of Africa, $ and ?
Emden's (1941) key for African Lispe divided the fauna into two large groups: those with dark versus yellow palpi. I do not agree with using such a secondary character which may be intraspecifically variable for the main division. Couri et al. (2006) used as the main diagnostic character for Madagascan Lispe the amount of dorsocentral setae, this approach seems more reasonable, but it also has its drawbacks. First, it is difficult to apply to species with weak dorsocentrals, especially to aged specimens with worn mesonotum. Second, this character may vary intraspecifically, for example, in L. tentaculata male has 2+3 dc whereas the female 2+4 dc. I believe that the tibial chaetotaxy is a more reliable and the easiest to apply characteristic, however, also not in all cases.
In my opinion, a good key should use the most reliable and easy-to-find characters (1) and be organized so that closely related species run together, not in different parts of the key (2). I tried to make the key this way, but sometimes it was impossible to meet both
conditions, thus L. loewi belonging to the L. palposa group runs among species of the L. caesia group.
I tried to mention as many additional characters in the key as possible. Hopefully this will allow a user to be more confident in the identifications. On the other hand, the key has become larger. I can offer a know-how: since more than half of African specimens of Lispe belong to the most common species, start with checking couplets 46-48. If it is not L. pectin-ipes then you have something more interesting.
1. Hind coxa with setae on inner posterior margin. (From brackish to hypersaline water, either seashores or inland salt basins. t1 usually with p; t2 with 1 p and 0-1 ad; t3 always without pd. $: frons often densely silver-white dusted. $: f1 usually with short v hunting spines.)................ 2
— Hind coxa bare on inner posterior margin ...................................... 13
2. t1 without p. (2+3 dc, all strong. Abdominal tergites 3-4 with a large black triangular median spot each.).....................3
— t1 with p..............................4
3. Frons black, frontal triangle narrow. t2 without ad. Palpi black. Wing darkened at apex. Small (4.5 mm), dark species known from E African seashores (Fig. 35). $: t3: with ad below middle and preapical d fine and long (about 0.4x as long as length of tibia); a to av surfaces with 7-8 setae in apical half. tar3-1 with av and pv rows of
waved setulae (Figs 30-34) ............
...................... patersoni sp. nov.
— Frons densely whitish ($, Fig. 16) or yellow ($) dusted, frontal triangle widened, with convex margins. t2 with ad. Palpi partly yellow. Wing hyaline. Large (7 mm) species known from seashore of S-W Madagascar. $: tar3-1 thickened, with ventral tuft
of long setae.............................
........ argentata Couri, Pont and Penny
4. Meron with hairs above hind coxa. t3 without av, with 1 ad only. Abdomen with a conspicuous dark midline. 2+3 dc. N Africa and Sudan. $: Vibrissae absent. Mid leg modified: t2 with 1 ad seta placed distinctly above middle, 1(2) p seta(e) short
and weak, also placed above middle; v surface at apical half with 1-2 strong spinelike seta(e) and a row of longer fine setae (Vikhrev 2015: fig. 17). tar2-1 with long fine curled ventral setae at base. $: t2 with 2 medium strong ad and 3 short pd, either ad and pd widely separated, upper ad and pd set above middle of tibia (Vikhrev 2020: fig. 46)...................loewi Ringdahl
— Meron bare. t3 with 1 or more av. t2 with 1 p and 0-1 ad. Abdomen without black midline............................... 5
5. dc setae may be described as 0+2 or 2+4 dc (medium/weak, medium/weak + weak, weak, strong, strong) depend on species or specimen. t2 without ad. Frontal triangle broad, with convex margins; frons in $ densely silvery dusted, in $ white or yellow dusted. Vibrissae in $ weak............6
— 2+3 dc (all strong) .....................8
6. Palpi dark. Body length over 6.5 mm. All femora with strong ventral spines in both sexes. (Abdomen with a pair of dark spots on tergites 3 and 4, in $ also tergite 5 an-tero-laterally darkened. 2+4 dc. $: hind tarsus with dense brush of hairs on posterior side.) (Zhang et al. 2016, figs 1d, 12,
13; Vikhrev 2020, figs 10-15).............
...................... candicans Kowarz
— Palpi yellow. Body length less than 6.5 mm. Only $ with weak ventral spines on fore and mid femora .......................7
7. In both sexes frons evenly silvery, borders between fronto-orbital plates, frontal vitta and frontal triangle hardly distinct. Abdomen evenly whitish-grey, unmarked. dc setae may be described as 0+2 or 2+4 dc. $: t3 with 1 av. tar3-1 thickened (Hennig 1960: textfig. 97; Zhang et al. 2016: fig. 1H) ..................... leucocephala Loew
— In both sexes frontal triangle clearly distinct whitish in $, yellowish in $. Abdomen with distinct pairs of dark spots on tergite 4, tergite 3 with or without spots. 2+4 dc, but there are specimens with 2+3 dc. $ (Figs 9-12): t3 with 1 av and 1 ad. tar3-1 only slightly thickened in basal half; posteriorly with a dense row of p setulae ......................andrefana sp. nov.
8. t2 without ad (including females L. polonaise sp. nov. with ad on one t2). Palpi yellow ...................................9
— t2 with ad. Palpi brown to black. N. Africa. (Frontal triangle widened.)............12
9. Densely whitish-grey or yellowish (some $) dusted flies. Frontal triangle widened, with convex margins. Antenna dark, aristal hairs half as long as width of postpedicel .. ......................................10
— Dark, brownish-black species. Frontal triangle narrow. At least pedicel yellow, aristal hairs as long as width of postpedicel____11
10. Abdomen with large black triangular median spot on tergites 3-4. Brackish lakes of African rift. $ (Figs 1-6): Hind tarsus unmodified. t3 with 1 ad only. $ (Figs 7-8): t3 with 2 av............alkalina sp. nov.
— Abdomen evenly whitish-grey dusted, only tergite 3 with indistinct dark spots or a line. So far known from Namibia (Fig. 39). $ (Figs 36-38): tar3-1 with two approximated, short and strong v spines near base (Fig. 38). t3 with 1 long and strong median ad and at apical half with 4-5 av and 7-8
fine pv. $: t3 with 2 av................
...................... polonaise sp. nov.
11. t3 with 1 ad, and 1 av setae. Parafacials bare in upper half. Frontal vitta dark, dusted frontal triangle very distinct. Palaeo-tropical. $: Mid tarsus not modified. Hind tarsus modified, tar3-1 widened. Fronto-orbital plates whitish dusted, frontal vitta dark, frontal triangle white to yellow in fresh specimens. Antenna entirely yellow. Wings with dark apex (Zhang et al. 2016:
figs 14, 16; Vikhrev 2020: Fig. 17).......
........................flavicornis Stein
— t3 with 1 ad and 2 av setae. Parafacials with a complete row of hairs. Frons densely yellowish dusted, frontal triangle hardly distinct. Temperate zone of Atlantic coast. Mid tarsus modified: tar2-2 and tar2-3 with long a seta each, tar2-5 with a row of fine p hairs. Hind tarsus not modified. Frons yellow dusted, narrow frontal triangle hardly distinct. Postpedicel mostly dark. Wing unspotted. (Vikhrev 2020: figs 8, 9,16)..................marina Becker
12. $: t3 with 2 (1-3) av setae. tar3-1 with ventral rounded process in apical half as in Fig. 49 ? : Palpi usually black. t3 with 1 av. f3 with only 1 av seta beyond middle, preapical av absent. (Zhang et al. 2016: figs 17-18; Vikhrev et al. 2016: figs 1-6) . . . . .......................... caesia Meigen
— $: tar3-1 unmodified. t3 with 3-4 a, 8-9 av spinulose setae. ? : Palpi brown. t3 with 2 av at least on one side. f3 with 2 av setae: submedian and preapical. (Zhang et al. 2016: figs 17-18; Vikhrev 2020: fig. 47) .... ...................... halophora Becker
13. Body black, femora and at least t1 black, but tar1-2 to tar1-5 red in both sexes (Fig. 28). Scutum shining black, without dusting. Tibial chaetotaxy: t1 with p, t2 with 1 ad and 1 pd, t3 with 1 av, 1 ad and 1 pd. Antenna remarkably long. Small (body length
4-5 mm) species ................14
(kowarzi species complex, Vikhrev 2014)
— Fore tarsus without described above modification. Scutum not entirely shining black. Other characters are not as above......15
14. Palpi dark. 1+2-3 dc (though weak except for the last prescutellar pair). Anepimeron with 1-3 hairs. Posterior tibiae dark (Fig. 28). $: f2 with 3-4 long ventral setae on basal half, f3 with 2 strong submedian v setae. Abdomen entirely black or almost so .................kowarzi kowarzi Becker
— Palpi yellow. 0+1 dc. Anepimeron entirely bare. Posterior tibiae yellow. $: f2 and f3 without ventral setae. Abdomen with paired lateral whitish spots on anterior
margins of tergites 3 to 5 ...............
.....fulvitarsus fulvitarsus Snyder, 1949
15. Lower parafacials with a strong seta. t1 with p seta, long and fine in $, long and strong in ? ; t2 with 1 ad and 1 pd; t3 with 1 av, 1 ad and 1 pd. Small to medium-sized, densely brown-grey dusted species.....16
— Lower parafacials without seta. Tibial chae-totaxy is different.....................19
16. dc 1+2, all remarkably strong, no additional weak dc, the median pair is placed almost equidistant from anterior and posterior pairs, additional weak dc setulae absent (Fig. 15). t1 with 1 submedian d.
Pulvili not enlarged. Smaller, body length
4.5-5.5 mm.......................... 17
(dichaeta species complex, Vikhrev 2016)
— dc 2+3, typically placed. t1 without d. Pul-vili enlarged. Larger, body length 6-7 mm. General view of very closely related L. g. geniseta, see Vikhrev (2016: figs 12, 13). Cercal plate—Vikhrev (2016: figs 14, 17) .................geniseta macfiei Emden
17. Frons wider, at level of anterior ocellus about 0.44 of head width (Vikhrev 2016: fig. 9). Highlands. (Antenna dark in L. di-chaeta, but in L. stuckenbergi postpedicel yellow at base, pedicel yellow at apex.) f3 with 1 strong median pv. Cercal plate wide, without anchor-like apex (Vikhrev 2016: figs 10-11)............................18
— Frons narrower, at level of anterior ocellus about 0.37 of head width (Vikhrev 2016: fig. 7). Postpedicel distinctly yellow at base, pedicel yellow at apical half. Lowlands. f3 without median pv. Cercal plate narrow with anchor-like apex (Vikhrev 2016: fig. 8) ............... madagascariensis Zielke
18. Madagascar. Cercal plate as in Vikhrev (2016: fig. 11). Mid coxa on posterior surface with a set of 4 appressed, short, strong and straight spines. tar1-1 and tar1-2 yellow, concolourous with t1...............
..................... stuckenbergi Zielke
— African mainland. Cercal plate as in Vikhrev (2016: fig. 10). Mid coxa without set of spines. tar1-1 and tar1-2 greyish, darker than t1............ dichaeta Stein
19. 2+2 dc, all remarkably strong, widely spaced, no additional weak dc present. Medium size, densely brownish dusted species. Abdominal tergites 3-4 with a pair of triangular spots (Figs 13-14). Parafa-cials wide with dense hairs in 2-3 rows. t1 without median setae; t2 with or without ad and with 1 pd; t3 with 1 ad. Sternite 4 with an anteriorly directed projection on anterior margin (Vikhrev 2016: fig. 1) .. 20 (ambigua species complex, see Vikhrev 2016)
— dc setae not as described above....... 21
20. t2 without ad. Femora yellow at apices. Body length 7-7.5 mm. Hind trochanter with ordinary fine setulae. Cercal plate at
apex outside curved and bidental, surstylus long and narrow (Vikhrev 2016: fig. 3). $: f2 without strong median av; f3 with short av and pv setae..............biseta Stein
— t2 with ad. Femora entirely dark. Body length 5.5-6.5 mm. Hind trochanter densely covered with spine-like, appressed setulae. Cercal plate at apex outside curved and bidental, surstylus long and narrow (Vikhrev 2016: fig. 3). $ (Figs 13-14): f2 with strong median av. f3 without distinct ventral setae............ ambigua Stein*
* See also remarks to surda Curran, 1937 in the Addendum.
21. Vein M distinctly curved forward at apex. (2+4 dc: weak-medium, medium + weak, weak, strong, strong. t1 with p (may be very short in males); t3 with pd and ad, with or without av. Medium to large size; grey dusted flies with long legs and slender body.)............................22
(longicollis group, see Vikhrev 2012b; 2014)
— Vein M not curved at apex ............. 28
22. Meron bare. t2 without ventral seta.
hind tarsus not modified ...........23
(assimilis subgroup, see Vikhrev 2012b)
— Meron setulose above hind coxa. t2 with av or v seta hind tarsus modified: curved
and with long ventral hairs .........24
(longicollis subgroup, see Vikhrev (2012b; 2014)
23. f1 ventrally with a dense brush of setu-lae placed in about 5 rows in basal half of femur and in 1-2 rows in apical half. f2 in basal 1/3 with a brush of ventral setae 1.5-2x as long as femur width. $: f1 ventrally
with 2-3 rows of fine setulae ...........
....................... nuba Wiedemann
— f1 ventrally unmodified, without a dense brush of setulae. f2 with only short ventral setae. $: f1 bare on ventral surface apart
from usual row of av setae.............
................... assimilis Wiedemann
24. f2 with strong ventral spines or f3 with 5-7 av and pv setae in basal half. $: f3 with submedian av seta, apical av absent____25
— f2 without spines, f3 with 1-3 fine v setae in basal half. $: f3 without submedian av but with apical av seta..............26
25. t1 with a row of 4-7 short but strong d setae. t3 with av. Palpi yellow. South Africa, Namibia, Botswana. (Vikhrev 2012b: fig. 1) f2 basally with 2-3 remarkably strong and long straight ventral spines. f3 in basal 1/3 with 1-2 av and 1 long pv. t2 and tar2-1 without row of elongated p setulae. t3 at apical 1/3 with a tuft of long waved setulae on anterior surface. tar3-1 elongated, strongly downward curved; with long waved v setulae. Cercal plate as in Vikhrev (2014: fig. 62)............. barbipes Stein
— t1 without a row of d setae. t3 without av. Palpi brownish. Kenia. f2 without remarkable spines. f3 before middle with 3(2) av and 3(2) pv. t2 and tar2-1 with a row of fine long (twice longer than tibia width) setulae. t3 without elongated setu-lae at apex. tar3-1 not curved, laterally flattened, in lateral view 1.5x wider than width of t3, without long v setulae. Cercal plate and sternite 5 as in Vikhrev (2014: figs 5657)..................... dmitryi Vikhrev
26. Palpi dark (Fig. 27). tar3-1 distinctly shorter than t3 length; tar3-1 dorso-vent-rally remarkably flattened, at least 1.5x wider than t3; with rows of av and pv setu-
lae. Cercal plate as in Figs 25, 26 ........
......................... wittei Paterson
— Palpi yellow. tar3-1 not shortened, at least as long as t3 length; tar3-1 not flattened, at most as wide as t3; laterally strongly curved inside................ 27
27. Mid tarsus with a row of curled setulae onp surface. Cercal plate as in Fig. 24. Tanzania to N Africa.........cilitarsis Loew
— Mid tarsus without a row of p setulae. Cercal plate as in Fig. 23. S Africa and
Madagascar to Tanzania (Fig. 22) .........
........................ confusa sp. nov.
28. t2 with p-seta in pv position. Body build similar to that of longicollis group: grey dusted flies with long legs and slender body but vein M not curved. t1 with p; t3
with av, ad and pd.................... 29
(desjardinsii group, see Vikhrev 2014)
—12 with p-seta in p or pd position; t3 not with av, ad and pd. Different combinations of other characters....................32
29. t1 without d. Body length 4.5-6 mm. Wing darkened as in Fig. 45. Fore tarsus not modified. Fore coxa with a dense tuft
of long curved setae posteriorly ..........
........................ zumpti Paterson
— t1 with d. Body length 6-7.5 mm. Wing clear. Fore tarsus modified......... 30
30. dc 1+3. Palpi blackish at least in apical part. Parafacials with hairs in only one row. (Vikhrev 2014: fig. 46) tar1-1 flattened, yellow, tar1-2 with ventral tubercule in middle. f3 with 1 long av and 1 long pv setae in middle; at basal half without spinulose pv setae. Cercal plate and sternite 5 as in Vikhrev (2014: figs 47-48). ?: f3 with sub-median av 1.5x longer than femur width .. ....................tuberculitarsis Stein
— dc 2+3. Palpi yellow. Parafacial with hairs in two rows. Fore tarsus modified differently. f3 in middle with 1 shorter av and without pv; at basal half with a row of spi-nulose pv setae Ç: f3 with submedian av at most as long as femur width.......... 31
31. tar1-1 and tar1-2 with a row of pv setulae, some of these setulae scale-lake; tar1-5 unmodified. Cercal plate and sternite 5 as in Vikhrev (2014: figs 49-50). Common
in Madagascar (Vikhrev 2014: fig. 45).....
....................... pennitarsis Stein
— tar1-1 and tar1-2 unmodified, tar1-5 with a characteristic dilated and flattened at apex outer pulvilus (see Couri et al. 2006: fig. 101). Widespread in Africa, recorded from Reunion, uncommon in Madagascar ...................desjardinsii Macquart
32. t2 with ad seta(e). (t1 without p; t3 only with 1 ad. Always 2+3 dc, all strong.)____33
— t2 without ad seta....................36
33. Tibiae and tarsi yellow-brown. Densely grey dusted species resembling L. pyg-maea. Known from Turkana Lake. Abdominal sternites 3 and 4 densely setulose, abdomen with pair of round spots on posterior half of tergite 4 (Vikhrev 2016: fig.
21). $: Abdominal spots less distinct.....
....................... bipunctata Seguy
— Legs dark. Abdominal pattern different. N Africa................................34
34. Abdomen with pairs of large triangular
spots on tergites 3 and 4. On t2 ad and pd setae of equal length. (Vikhrev 2020: fig. 30) Abdominal sternites 3 and 4 densely setulose. Vibrissae strong. Cercal plate and sternite 5 as in Vikhrev (2012c: figs 31-32) ........................... rigida Becker
— Abdomen with more (Ç) or less ($) distinct dark median vitta. On t2 ad seta 1.5x longer than pd setae. Abdominal sternites not setulose. Vibrissae absent.....35
35. Meron with 3-4 setulae above hind coxa.
Wings darkened antero-apically. t2 with several additional short ad. t3 with ad seta much stronger than elongated setulae in ad row. Cercal plate: Vikhrev (2015: fig. 1) ............................ apicalis Mik
— Meron bare. Wings not darkened. t2 with only 1 ad. t3 with ad seta hardly distinct, longer but about as fine as other elongated setulae in ad row. Cercal plate: see Vikhrev (2015: fig. 2)......... elkantarae Becker
36. 2+3 dc, all strong. (t1 without p; t2 with 1 p; t3 with ad, with or without pd. (! ten-taculata with 2+3 dc in males and a minority of females runs here. The majority of female tentaculata have 2+4 strong dc, with 2nd and 3rd post dc setae very close together, such position of dc is unique in Lispe and unmistakable.)..............37
— Not 2+3 strong dc.................... 45
37. Meron with setulae above hind coxa. Fore tarsus or sternite 5 modified. Ç: Scutum with a median pruinose patch in posterior third ........................38
(tentaculata species group, part, see Vikhrev 2014)
— Meron bare above hind coxa. Always 2+3 strong dc. t3 with 1 ad, without or with 1 pd ...................................39
38. Katepimeron with 2(3) hairs in posterior half. Scutellum bare below at apex. t3 with 1 ad, without 1 pd.f3 without long fine sub-median av. Abdomen with a L. nana-like pattern, contrasted black-and-white ($) or less contrasted (Ç) (Figs 17-19). Tibiae yellow. Fore tarsus unmodified. Sternite 5 with a strong medial process clearly visible on intact abdomen. Cercal plate and ster-nite 5 as in Fig. 21....... capensis Zielke
— Katepimeron bare. Scutellum with some fine hairs below at apex. t3 with 1 ad and 1 pd. f3 with 2-3 long fine submedian av. $: Fore tarsus modified. Sternite 5 with a medial process small, invisible on intact
abdomen. Tibiae dark or yellow____38a
tentaculata De Geer
38a. Tibiae dark, only knees yellow. Ethiopia, NE Africa and Canary Isl. $: sternite 5 as in
Vikhrev (2014, fig. 16)...................
....... tentaculata tentaculata De Geer
— Posterior tibiae at least in basal half yellowish, usually both t2 and t3 entirely yellow. Maghreb: Algeria and Morocco. $: sternite
5 as in Vikhrev (2014, fig. 15)..........
.............. tentaculata draperi Séguy
39. t3 with 1 ad and 1 pd. Palpi remarkably widened. f2 without median a seta.....40
— t3 with 1 ad only. Palpi weakly widened. f2 with or without median a seta.........42
40. Postpronotal lobes with usual setulae. ac hairs in 5-7 rows. Body length 6-6.5 mm. Known from Sinai and Negev. $: (Vikhrev 2012c; figs 8-10) f3 with complete av and pv rows of spine-like setae of irregular length. Abdominal tergite 3 unmodified ......................freidbergi Vikhrev
— Postpronotal lobes with spinulose setae. Body length 4-5.5 mm. ac hairs in 3 rows. Africa, including small remote islands as Canary; Cape Verde, Reunion. (Vikhrev 2014: figs 36-42; 2020; fig. 27) $: Abdominal tergite 3 with a small rounded knoblike process at each ventral fore-marginal corner (visible on not dissected abdomen) ...................... 41 (nana complex)
* For specimens from Reunion see also remarks to martirei Vikhrev, 2014 in the Addendum.
41. Frontal triangle with microrough surface. Scutum with a dense grey-brown pollination (sometimes mainly worn out, as in Fig. 47, but a significant part of the scutum is always pollinated). $: f3 with 2-3 fine v setae in basal 3/5; t3 with several fine pv setu-lae in median part....... nana Macquart
— Frontal triangle remarkably glossy black. Scutum shining black, only a pair of narrow brownish submedian vittae present. $:
f3 without v setae; t3 without fine pv setu-lae................ triangularis Vikhrev
42. f2 without median a seta. Palpi threadlike in basal 2/3, abruptly widened to a spoonlike apex. Postpronotal lobes with strong spinules. Slender species with thin legs.
f3 with 1 weak median av........... 43
(scalaris group, see Vikhrev 2014)
—f2 with median a seta. Palpi very gradually widened from base to apex. ac hairs in 3-4 rows. Postpronotal lobes without strong spinules. Rather stout, densely brown-grey dusted species. f2 and f3 with strong ventral setae......................... 44
43. Body length 3.8-4.5 mm. Occiput, abdomen and usually scutum with shining black areas. Frontal triangle dark. Wings hyaline. Femora usually at least partly dark (Figs 42), rarely entirely yellow (Fig. 43). From North to South Africa. f3 without median v seta. Cercal plate as in Vikhrev (2014: fig. 35)................... scalaris Loew
— Body length 5.1-5.6 mm. Occiput, abdomen and usually scutum without shining black areas, abdomen without any dark pattern. Frontal triangle yellow. Wings slightly brownish darkened in apical 1/3 from level of M-Cu crossvein (Fig. 40). Femora yellow (Fig. 40). Madagascar. f3 with median v
seta. Cercal plate as in Fig. 41 ...........
.......................... selena sp. nov.
44. Body length 5.5 mm or less. Tarsi basally more or less yellow (Vikhrev 2020: fig. 35). African mainland. t1 and tar1-1 without elongated p setulae. Fore coxa without tuft of curved setae posteriorly. Cercal plate — Vikhrev 2016: fig. 24. ?: f3 without submedian av................... pygmaea Fallen
— Body length 6.5-7 mm. Tarsi entirely black (Vikhrev 2016: fig. 20). Madagascar. Fore coxa with a dense tuft of long curved setae posteriorly. t1 and tar1-1 with dense row of long posterior setulae. Cercal plate remarkably small, see Vikhrev (2016: fig.
22). $: f3 with strong median av.........
........................... keiseri Zielke
45. Femora with ventral rows of short spines. Tergites 3 and 4 with paired trapezoid dark spots, tergites 1+2 and 5 without dark
spots. Only the last 2 pairs of dc strong, depending on specimen it may be described as 2+4 dc or 0+2 dc. Frontal triangle narrow, whitish (Vikhrev 2020: figs 18, 19, 20, 48). Palpi black. t1 without p; t2 with 1 p; t3 with 1 ad and 1 av. (See the recent redescription in Pont 2019: 215.) Seashores or
salt lakes ...............................
........ bengalensis Robineau-Desvoidy
— Femora without ventral spines. Other characters not as above................... 46
46. Only one pair of strong prst dc: 1+4 dc (strong + weak, weak, strong, strong) weak setae often broken, so some specimens may look as 1+2 dc. Scutum with characteristic dark median vitta. Meron bare. Scutellum bare below. t1 with strong p seta. (t2 with 1 p; t3 with 1 ad and 1(2) av (indistinct among dense setulae in $ irvingi), without pd. $: f2 with dense row of 12-14 pv setulae in apical 1/4. t3 with a row of pv setulae in apical half. Cerci long, halves of cercal plate widely divided, conjoined at the very base only. $: f3 with 2 strong av, medial
and apical.).......................... 47
(leucospila group, Vikhrev 2014)
— Presutural dc absent or two very weak pairs present. If only one pair of prst dc (orientalis and emdeni), this pair is weak and mer-on with hairs above hind coxa. t1 without p seta (sometimes present in niveimaculata); t3 without av, with or without pd......49
47. Tibiae dark, only knees yellowish (in old and faded specimens tibiae may become yellowish). Abdomen glossy black, only small separated whitish dorso-lateral spots present (Vikhrev 2014: fig. 3), in females these spots sometimes are reduced to a single pair on tergite 5 only. Disc of scutum mostly glossy blackish, with three wide, glossy black median and submedian vit-tae, disc of scutellum entirely glossy black. Brown frontal triangle hardly distinct on brown-black interfrontalia. Body length 5-5.5 mm. $: t3 with 4-6 sparse and short pv setae. Cercal plate as in Vikhrev (2014: fig. 10).................. maculata Stein
— Tibiae yellowish. Abdomen with wide grey lateral vittae (more or less interrupted only
on posterior part of tergite 4). Disc of scutum densely dusted, with brown median vitta from neck to the tip of scutellum. Yellowish dusted frontal triangle distinct on dark interfrontalia. t3 with at least 8 longer pv setae....................... 48
48. Prst dc seta situated at the middle of the presutural half of scutum (Fig. 29); body length 4-5.5 mm. t3 with 1 (2) straight and short av seta(e) and with 8-10 fine pv setulae in one row.....pectinipes Becker
— Prst dc seta situated in the posterior part of the presutural half of scutum; body length 5-6.5 mm. t3 with 4-5 long, fine, slightly curved at apex av setae and dense and
long setulae on v to pv surface.............
.......................... irvingi Curran
49. Even weak anterior dc absent, 1 or 2 pair post dc present; ground setulae on scutum sparse. t3 without pd. Meron bare. f3 with ad row consisting of short and sparse spinelike setae. Trochanters yellow......... 50
— Weak prst dc present although often broken or hardly visible; ground setulae on scutum denser. t3 with 1 pd. Meron with hairs above hind coxa. f3 with usual ad setae. Trochant-ers concolourous with femora......... 51
50. Katepisternal setae reduced to 0+1. Post-pronotal setae absent. f1 with 2-3 short strong pv at apex. t2 with 2 p. Africa and Madagascar. Legs without described below modifications (Fig. 44) ..............
.................... niveimaculata Stein
— Katepisternal setae 1:1:1. Postpronotal setae 1(2). f1 with 5(4-6) longer, less strong av in apical half. t2 with 1 p. Madagascar and Reunion. t1 with elongated p setu-lae. tar1-1 and tar1-2 with a row of long pv setulae. tar3-2 and tar3-3 with a row of longpv setulae...... sexnotata Macquart
51. Scutellum bare ventrally. Posterior tibiae dark. Scutum densely grey dusted, abdomen grey dusted with dark marks......52
(tentaculata species group, part, Vikhrev 2014)
Scutellum with hairs at apex below. Posterior tibiae mostly yellow. Scutum thinly grey dusted, abdomen black with whitish spots
...................................... 53
(nivalis species group, Vikhrev 2012c; 2014)
52. Body length 4-4.5 mm. f3 with apical pv seta, without av setae. prst ac in 3 rows; occiput with black undusted area in upper part. fore tarsus modified as in Vikhrev (2014: fig. 14) ............ emdeni Vikhrev
— Body length 5-7 mm. prst ac in 4-7 rows; occiput evenly grey dusted. Known from Egypt, Sinai. fore tarsus simple. f3 with complete (though rather irregular) rows of av and pv setae. Ç: f3 without apical pv setae, with 6-8 weak av...................
.................. orientalis Wiedemann
53. Notopleuron with 1 to several setulae on the area between strong notopleural setae. Anepimeron with 10-20 hairs placed in about 3 rows and occupying a rounded area. Meron with 1-2 hairs just below spiracle (and with 2-3 hairs above hind coxa).
f3 without submedian pv setae, with 1 submedian av. Fore coxa without long setae posteriorly. t3 below strong ad with a dense brush of about 20 setulae on ad, a and av surfaces. tar3-1 with dense short curved setulae on av surface. Ç: f3 with 1
strong submedian av setae..............
........................ ochracea Becker
— Notopleuron bare on the area between strong notopleural setae. Anepimeron with 4-8 hairs usually placed in a single horizontal row or almost so. Meron bare below spiracle (and with 2-3 hairs above hind coxa). f3 with 3(4) long submedian pv setae, the distal one the longest; 1-2 submedian av. Fore coxa with a dense tuft of long curved setae posteriorly. t3 on a surface with only 1 strong submedian ad seta. tar3-1 unmodified. Ç: f3 without sub-median av setae.......................54
54. Palpi black. African mainland. f2 with 2-3 weak v setulae in basal half. f3 with a submedian av seta 1.5-2x as long as femur width. Cercal plate as in Vikhrev (2014: fig. 21)................. nivalis Wiedemann
— Palpi yellow. Madagascar. f2 with 2(3) strong v setae in basal half. f3 with a sub-median av seta at most hardly as long as femur width, usually shorter. Cercal plate as
in Vikhrev (2014: fig. 24).................
..................... medvedevi Vikhrev
Acknowledgements
I am very grateful to the curators and staff of the following museums: BMNH, MNHN, TAUI,
ZIN, ZMHU for the opportunity to work with their collections. I thank Oleg Kosterin (Russia), Andrzej Grzywacz (Poland), Miroslav Bartak (Slovakia) for their advice and corrections.
References
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For citation: Vikhrev, N. E. (2021) Lispe (Diptera, Muscidae) of Africa. Amurian Zoological Journal, vol. XIII, no. 3, pp. 369-400. https://www.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2021-13-3-369-400
Received 31 May 2021; reviewed 23 June 2021; accepted 19 July 2021.
Для цитирования: Вихрев, Н. Е. (2021) Lispe (Diptera, Muscidae) Африки. Амурский зоологический журнал, т. XIII, № 3, с. 369-400. https://www.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2021-13-3-369-400 Получена 31 мая 2021; прошла рецензирование 23 июня 2021; принята 19 июля 2021.
