CC BY
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References:
1. Zhdanova N. G. Comparative analysis of domestic and foreign classifications of costs // problems of Economics and management. — 2016. — No. 5. — P.147-150.
2. Majorova E. D., Shilov N. N. Management of operational cost, production and trade enterprise // international student scientific Bulletin. - 2017. - No. 1
3. Direct and indirect costs: https://zhazhda.biz/base/pryamye-i-kosvennye-zatraty (date accessed: 05.12.2017)
УДК 336.71
Oysungurova A. A.
The student of the Dagestan State University Republic of Dagestan, Makhachkala Scientific adviser: Associate Professor, Candidate of Phihological
Sciences Bilalova Kh.A.
LIQUIDITY PROBLEM IN BANKS
Annotation:
The article is devoted to the issue of liquidity risk management in a commercial bank.
Keywords:
Liquidity, banks, management, financial system, risk.
The world's attention on the last time has begun to attract a number of questions raised by the crisis processes in the international financial system ass ociated withbanking risks. The ability to identify and manage risks, understanding the origin and mechanisms of the processes of accumulation and crisis potential is increasingly seen as the key to successful and sustainable development of the bank.
Liquidity of commercial banks can be described as its ability
to timely and fully repay the obligation by transforming assets into de tender age nt. It is shaped by many factors, both managed by the bank, as well as beyond its control. Liquidity has a direct impact on financial stability, and therefore the Centr al Bank sets the standards, required for the execution of I all commercial banks of the country. The basis of liquidity management methods applied in the banking practice, pledged asset management ideas, and those liabilitiesor both.
Therefore, any bank seeks to maintain a stable hand funding base primarily consisting of the organizations, individuals' deposits of other banks, as well as to i nvest undiversified portfolios of liquid assets, in order to be able to quickly and ea sily made difficult n eny meet unexpected liquidity.
Liquidity rate which is acceptable for one bank may be insufficient for the o ther banks. And it is also possible that the individual bank's liquidity position will change and will be either insufficient, or sufficient. The volume of liquid assets It depends on the stability of the deposit structure bank and on whether he has the po
tential for rapid growth of the loanportfolio.
It may be noted that the bank's liquidity is closely linked with the bank's rep utation. In the event that the bank has no liquidity problems, it will be attractive to customers, because trust is the most important component of the activities of the bank as a financial partner.
The bank should req Qdim maintain liquidity ratio.
Here comes the problem: trying to maintain the necessary level
of liquid assets, the bank will have to remove some of the funds from the existing assets that will cause adecrease in profitability.
To address this need of the problem of the first find of ptimaln urs Shade rat io between accumulation and purchase of bank liquidity. But each bank is
free to determine theseproportions.
Banks should use the following liquidity management methods:
- Cash balancing of the currents and the reduction proceeds in
discontinuities (write-offs) in cash to a minimum due to the advance of
liquid redistribution means.
- The establishment of the maturity with the timetable for the return of deposits of legal entities and individuals;
- Ezhed-today ratio control term sheet maturity dates and on demand;
- Daily cash flow analysis, preparation of forecast payment position of the bank in order to provide for a possible reduction in liquidity of the bank and its time to take thenecessary measures.
For effective control of eniya liquidity of the bank should be guided by the f ollowing principles:
- the formation of a robust liquidity risk management framework, including a procedure for the distribution of powers and is responsible for the development of enosis appropriate policies, take action on liquidity management solutions to ensure effective management of liquidity and monitoring Nosta over liquidity and performing appropriate solutions;
- liquidity management should be carried out on a daily basis and continuously;
- development of procedures for determining the bank's sound liquidity, including the determination of surplus / deficit of liquidity and limit values excess deficit of liquiditybased on bank strategy and a current (long-term) condition of the financial system;
- the methods used and liquidity risk assessment tools should not contradict the regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation policy in the field of risk management;
- cost accounting to maintain the necessary liquidity in the match for the formation of pricing of basic banking products and assessment of the effectiveness of units;
- establish procedures for carrying out the analysis of the instant, current and long-term liquidity, in the event of non-mandatory standards;
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- development and improvement of processes to identify, assess, monitor and control liquidity risk.
In order to minimize liquidity risk, the bank must: select pamb strategists w ands risk management practices; formirova be policy bank in asset and liability ma nagement; set it's limit, i.e. adjusting the banks' liquidity position.
Liquidity management is intended to strike a balance between sustainability and the desire for high returns. The solution of all these problems x requires not o nly a detailed analysis of the internal environment of the bank, but also the ongoing monitoring of the environment.
Literature:
1. Zharkovskaya E. II. Banking. 5th ed. M:. Omega-A 20 May 1st.
2. The URL: http: // ria. ru / economy / 20160303/ 1383467123. html ixzz 41 pW 4 RcAQ)
3. Batrakova h. R. Economic analysis of commercial bank. M:. Logos 2005.
4. Federal Law of July 10, 2002 № 86-FL (ed. By 12.30.2015) // Ref. "Consultant" -pravovaya system.
3. On banks and banking activity: Federal Law of December 2, 1990 Number 3951 (ed. By 05.04.2016) // Sprav. legal system "Consultant".
6. Tagirbekov K. P. Organization and management of commercially valuable bank . M:. World Review 20 May 1st.
7. Mandatory ratios of banks: Bank of Russia Instruction 201 of December 3, 4 g. № 139-I (ed. 11.30.2015)
УДК 331
Shevchenko А.А. 3rd year Bachelor's Degree student Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Kemerovo Institute (branch) Kemerovo
НЕОБХОДИМОСТЬ ПРЕМИРОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ ПЕРСОНАЛА
Аннотация: Данная статья посвящена такому виду выплаты в денежном выражении, как премирование. В статье приведены основные условия для получения премий и наиболее популярные системы премирования. А также в статье даются некоторые рекомендации по стимулированию работы сотрудников.
Ключевые слова: : работа, премирование, премии, сотрудники.
NECESSITY OF BONUS SYSTEM FOR STAFF Annotation: This article is devoted to such a type of payment in monetary terms, as premiums. The article contains the main conditions for obtaining premiums and the most popular bonus systems. And there are also some recommendations to stimulate the work of employees in this article. Keywords: work, bonus system, premiums, employees.
