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9ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
LINGUOPOETICS OF SOME SYNTACTIC UNITS FOUND IN THE POEMS OF KAMIL KHOREZMI Madiyorov Sh.K.
Madiyorov Shikhnazar Kuvondik ogli - Student, DEPARTMENT OF UZBEK LINGUISTICS, PHILOLOGY FACULTY, URGENCH STATE UNIVERSITY, URGENCH, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
The language of lyrical works written by Muhammadniyaz Kamil, one of the leading representatives of his time, is distinguished by its attractiveness and high level of wording skills.
It is known that Kamil Khorezmi also worked in the field of music and invented music. It is no exaggeration to say that the artist's knowledge in this field played a special role in the high level of musical melody in the language of his poems.
When examining the linguopoetic features of the poet's poetry, first of all, the places where lexical units are morphologically and syntactically integrated with each other in the texts of poetic works are noteworthy.
It should be noted that most of the linguistic-poetic means of syntactic integrity observed in the language of perfect Khorezmian poetic works are linguistic units formed as a result of semantic and grammatical harmonization of two lexical units by means of interconnection. For example: bogi nazokat, shomi qadr [3; 17]; ahli shahr, charxi dun [3; 18]; afv-u inoyat, jomi jaholat, rohi nadomat, sabr-u toqat, shab-u roz [3; 19]; chashmayi zamzam [3; 25], subh-u shom [3; 21] and others.
A large percentage of the poetic pictorial elements, syntactic integrity, have been consumed in a common pattern for our classical artistic poetry, syntactic integrity that exists even before it is used in the poet's work.
Most of these linguistic-poetic means were formed in the presence of Persian isopharyngeal elements, and at the same time, they were, of course, formed on the basis of assimilation layer
units. Often, lexical units specific to Persian and Arabic play a leading role in the formation of these units.
There are several reasons for this. First, during the reign of Kamil Khorezmi, the position of the Persian language in the literary environment of Khorezm (Khiva) was much higher. This period is also characterized by the high position of the Persian-Arabic languages in the conduct of state documents in the khanate.
Second, Persian-Arabic languages were also in the forefront of fiction, especially in our classical lyric tradition. However, in order to use the lexical tools inherent in these languages, it is necessary to know at least them, to have a vocabulary reserve, to understand the meaning of words and to use them skillfully in their place. Muhammadniyaz Kamil was a man of such skill, fluent in Persian and Arabic, a skilled calligrapher and a scholar.
Third, the poet could not oppose the creative traditions that existed before him in the creation of poetic works. It was impossible not to use the lexical means of the Arabic-Persian languages for the recognition of his poems, to demonstrate that he was a literate, knowledgeable person.
Nevertheless, it should be acknowledged that the issue of the purity of the Turkic language in Kamil Khorezmi's lyrics occupies a certain place above the works of Uzbek classical literature. Many Turkologists and literary critics also note the high level of purity of the Turkic language in the works created in the Khorezm literary environment [1; 18]; [2; 73].
From this point of view, among the syntactic means considered as a linguistic-poetic means in Kamil's poetry, there is no doubt that the forms peculiar to pure Uzbek (Turkic) languages also have a certain place. As an example, let's look at the verses from the poet's work:
Bovujud amrozi muxtalif aro tun-u kun, Aylading safar ranjin ham alarg 'a zam, yorab,.. [3; 27]; or: Tut o 'zni past-u kichik barcha xalqdin, Komil, Azim ofat erur naxvat-u anoniyat... [3; 33] and others. We can find many linguistic syntactic units in the works of Kamil Khorezmi, such as bir-birovning, bir-bir [3; 28]; kecha-kunduz [3;18]; oy-u kun [3; 21], which belong to the pure Uzbek language.
A large proportion of the linguistic-syntactic devices observed in the language of Kamil's lyrical works are units formed on the basis of the izofa element of the Persian languages. We see that the poet uses several variants of syntactic units, which have the same semantic feature.
In our opinion, taking into account such factors as the poet's linguistic resources and the fact that lexical-semantic repetitions lead to the impoverishment of the language of the work, their colorful variants and meanings have been used selectively in different places. This aspect of the poet's work is especially noteworthy. For example: kecha-kunduz [3; 18]^- tun-u kun [3; 27] ^ shab-u ro'z [3; 19]^- subh-u shom [3; 21] and others.
If we pay attention to the lexical layers of linguistic syntactic units used in Kamil Khorezmi's lyrics, they can be divided into several types:
1. Syntactic units of pure Uzbek (Turkish) language.
2. Syntactic integrity of Persian languages.
3. Syntactic integrity of Arabic languages.
4. Like syntactic units in hybrid forms.
Among the harmonized linguistic-poetic units used in the poet's poems, the forms belonging to the pure Iranian languages occupy a leading position in terms of their weight. We have discussed above the objective and subjective reasons for this situation. Such linguistic means as shab-u ro'z, do'st-u dushman, charx-i dun, rah-i rost etc., used in the second ghazal with the radif "Mango" from the poet's divan [3; 19]
In addition, in the works of Kamil Khorezmi, the linguistic expression of Persian languages, which is widespread in our classical literature, such as chashmayi zamzam, xol-i mushkin [3; 25], mo'r-u mor[3; 31], chashm-i bemor [3; 29] can be observed that the tools are actively used.
It is impossible to imagine a period in which Kamil lived far from the Arabic languages. Therefore, in the language of his lyrical works, too, the syntactic integrity formed by the participation of lexemes belonging to the Arabic languages is a significant percentage. The peculiarity of this type of units is that, although they are formed on the basis of lexemes specific to the
Arabic language, they are consumed in accordance with the linguistic rules of the Persian language. That is, there is a lexical-semantic unity in the form of Persian izofa. For example: afv-u inoyat, sabr-u toqat [3;19], sadr-i majlis [3;18] and others were based on Arabic-specific units [4; 52].
This, in turn, reveals another linguistic fact that some of the units of the Arabic language in the Uzbek language entered our language through the Persian language.
As an expression of the poet's perfect knowledge of several languages, the hybrid-looking linguistic pictorial syntactic integrity adorns the poet's poems with a distinctive polish. Among them we find linguistic-visual means formed in the following patterns:
a) Persian + Arabic - shom-i qadr, subh-u shom [3;17], jom-i jaholat, roh-i nadomat [3;19], dargoh-i sulton [3;25], no'sh-i visol [3;25], bodayi haqiqat [3;31];
b) Arabic + Persian - subh-u shom [3;21], ahl-i shahr [3;18]; d) Uzbek + Persian or Uzbek + arabic - bog'-i nazokat [3;17],
so'z-i nihon [3;18], sanjida so'z, jahon joyi [3;32] and others.
Among the linguistic and syntactic integrity of the poet's work, we see the artistic use of forms that create harmony (harmony) of specific sounds. For example: the fact that both components of the linguistic means, which form a coherent whole, begin with the same phoneme, gives a special tone to the poetic text: jom-i jaholat, do'st-u dushman [3;19], mo'r-u mor[3;31], sanjida so'zing[3;32]
In conclusion, Kamil Khorezmi was a perfect man of his time. By studying his vocabulary, we will gain important information about the formation of many pairs and conjunctions used in modern Uzbek.
References
1. Erkinov Aftondil. Navoi and today's generation. [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://kh-davron.uz/ (date of access: 10.11.2020).
2. Sodiqov Q. History of the Turkic language. Tashkent: Institute of Oriental Studies, 2009.
3. Devon Komil. Prepared by: A.Hayitmetov, V.Muminova. Tashkent: Gulom Publishing House of Literature and Art, 1975.
4. Rahmatullaev Sh. Etymological dictionary of the Uzbek language. Volume 2. Tashkent: University, 2003.
