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ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЛАТИНСКОЙ И ГРЕЧЕСКОЙ МОРФЕМ В СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИИ
МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ Хакимова Д.Х. Email: Khakimova6101@scientifictext.ru
Хакимова Дурдона Худайбердиевна - старший преподаватель, кафедра интеграции языковых навыков, Узбекский государственный университет мировых языков, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в данной статье обсуждается значение латинских греческих морфем в лексике медицинского языка. Язык медицины основан на греко-латинской терминологии и имеет специфические лексические и особенности дискурса. Современная медицина преступила границы греко-латинских терминов и должна создать новую терминологию для медицинской отрасли, болезни и расстройства, новейших технологий и фармацевтической промышленности. Язык лекарств имеет свои руководящие принципы и преподается почти во всех странах мира. Это однозначно влияет на другие языки медицины и они все еще находятся в стадии подготовки к созданию своих языков медицины.
Ключевые слова: медицина, терминология, расстройства, префиксы, греко-латинские термины.
LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF LATIN AND GREEK MORPHEMES IN WORD FORMATION OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Khakimova D.&
Khakimova Durdona Hudayberganovna - Senior Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF INTEGRATED LANGUAGE SKILLS, UZBEKISTAN STATE WORLD LANGUAGES UNIVERSITY, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the current article discusses importance of Latin Greek morphemes in lexicon of medical language. The language of medicine is based on Greek-Latin terminology and has specific lexical and features of discourse. Modern medicine has transgressed boundaries of Greek-Latin terms and applied to create a new terminology for medical industries, diseases and disorders, the latest technology and the medical industry. The language of medication has its guidelines and is being instructed in nearly all world nations. Other languages of medical are unequivocally impacted by it and they are still within the preparation of creating their languages of medicine.
Keywords: medicine, terminology, disorders, prefixes, Greek-Latin based terms.
UDC 34 7.78.034
Introduction. Most anatomical and clinical terms utilized in medication nowadays, are Latin or Latinized Greek words, the beginning of which can be followed back to the 5th century BC.2 on the off chance that restorative phrasing has got to work viably and be understandable to its users, the terms ought to be shaped, determined, and articulated legitimately [2]. Seminars on Latin and English or French therapeutic phrasings are a compulsory portion of educating programs within the to begin with scholarly year at French restorative faculties.
Such colossal improvement of therapeutic science and hone requires encourage enhancement of the language of medication. It has ended up vital to form modern terms not as it were for modern sicknesses and clutters but a completely modern wording for principal restorative branches, especially terms for state-of-the-art innovation. It has been appeared that the language
of medication finds it difficult to keep pace with therapeutic science and practice. It habitually depicts instead of characterizes not entirely caught on characteristic wonders.
Methodology. Advanced medication has transgressed the boundaries of the Greco-Latin terms and must make a modern phrasing [2]. Jammal comments that science flies and its phrasing strolls - regularly at a pace that slacks distant behind logical progresses. Unused infection names rise, and changes are watched within the implications of built up illness names. Medical is so exceedingly compartmentalized that, for case, one's foundation in surgery and crisis medical offers small offer assistance when one is confronted with a dermatology translation. This makes investigate pivotal [4].
The Greco-Latin premise of terms is but one include of the language of medication, which, within the case of English, shows a uncommon inclination for equivalent word, eponym, acronym and shortened form utilize (nearsightedness, childishness; Parkinsonism; laser; AIDS).
There are a number of shapes particular for the English language of medical. There's an awfully exact and expand well known wording related to illnesses (apart from the technical Greco-Latin term herpes zoster, there's a local English word shingles). Thus there's a propensity to utilize a clear term taken from ordinary language instead of a learned expression (clotting instead of coagulation). Too, standard words with therapeutic meaning are more habitually utilized (development for tumour or temperature for fever). Such words are named semi-technical words [1].
In clinical medical there are a number of specialized peculiar expressions which within the setting of ordinary discourse and composing sound, to put it gently, interesting (The persistent displayed with jaundice). Final but not slightest, within the English language of medical there are thing strings furthermore vital descriptive words (less regularly verbs and qualifiers) shaping a concept with a "single thing" thought (ostensible compounds) (NCs). The English language of medication is full of such compounds [6].
Greek and Latin are still the premise for restorative wording since they are exact and internationally comprehensible. The foremost efficient continuing use of therapeutic Greek and Latin is within the official Nomina Anatomica (anatomical terms, shortened NA), a standardized list of anatomical terms. Greek- and Latin-based terms can be dissected from prefixes, roots and additions so that the meaning is promptly caught on (for occurrence, "ultramicrotomy": "ultra" = overabundance, past; "miniaturized scale" = diminutive, little; "tomy" = cutting (consequently, "the procedure of cutting into exceptionally lean pieces") [3].
Table 1. Some medical terms used in their Greco-Latin form
Latin English French
herpes,-etis,m. Herpes herpès
discus,-i,m. Disc disque
laryngitis,-tidis,f. Laryngitis laryngite
paralysis,-is,f. Paralysis paralysie
sinus,-us,m. Sinus sinus
anaemia,-ae,f. Anaemia anémie
nervus,-i,m. Nervus Nervus
asthma,-atis,n. Asthma asthme
polypus,-i,m. Polyp polype
carcinoma,-atis,n. Carcinoma carcinome
cancer,-i,m. Cancer cancer
libido,-dinis,f. Libido libido
nephritis,-tidis,f. Nephritis néphrite
Latin - Greek English French
atrium,-ii,n. Atrium atrium
cicatrix,-icis,f. Cicatrix cicatrice
uterus, -i, m. Uterus utérus
manus,-us,f. manus/ hand manus / main
dens,-entis,m. dens/tooth tanières / dent
diarrhea,-ae,f. diarrhea/lientery diarrhée / lienterie
Conclusion. It is essential to standardize languages of medication other than English or French and to create an etymological investigation of unused, terms so that they can enhance the target language. Each restorative specialization and sub-specialization ought to be taken after by individual modern languages of medical. Languages of therapeutic science ought to too be encourage developed.
References / Список литературы
1. Andrews E. (1947): A History of Scientific English. The Story of its Evolution Based on a Study of Biomedical Terminology. Richard R. Smith. New York.
2. Chabner D.E. (1996): The Language of Medicine. W. B. Saunders Company, New York.
3. Corbin D. French (Indo-European: Romance). In: Gooij G, Lehmann C, and Mugdan J, eds, Morphology. An International Handbook on Inflection and Word Formation, (voll), New York. Walter de Gruyter, 2000.
4. Dzuganova B. (2002): A brief outline of the development of medical English. Bratisl Lek Listy; 103 (6): 223-227.
5. Fradin B. (2003)Nouvelles approches en morphologie. PUF. Paris.
6. Horecky J. (1984): Grecko-latinske elementy v terminologii. Kultura slova. 18 (5), 135-137.
7. Lovis C., Baud R., Rassinoux A.M., Michel P.A., Scherrer J.R. Medical dictionaries for patient encoding systems: a methodology. Artif Intell Med. 1998;14: 201-14.
