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4TRANSLATION FORUM - 2022 VOLUME 2 | SPECIAL ISSUE 28
ФОРУМ ПЕРЕВОДОВЕДОВ-2022 ISSN 2181-1784
TARJIMASHUNOSLAR FORUMI- 2022 ^ SJIF 2022: 5.947 | ASI Factor = 1.7
LIMITATIONS IN TRANSLATING OF KOREAN WORDS
4§[jeong]' and 4&[han]' INTO UZBEK LANGUAGE
d https://doi.org/10.24412/2181-1784-2022-28-256-263
Jo Min Young,
Independent researcher Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies,
Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Tel: +99890 321-02-53; lovelyj o0112hh@gmail. com
Annotatsiya. Tarjima muammolari o 'zbek va koreys tillari o 'rtasida ham ko 'p paydo bo 'ladi. Buning sababi shundaki, bu ikki mamlakatlarning rili va madaniyatida farqlar aniq mavjud. Shuning uchun ikki davlat tillarini tarjima qiluvchi tarjimonlar har bir tilga xos ijtimoiy-madaniy farqlarni hisobga olgan holda tarjima qilishlari kerak. Tarjimonning eng muhim vazifasi, o 'zining ona tili va chet tili o 'rtasidagi o 'xshashlik va farqlarni chuqur o 'rganishdir. Bu maqolada koreys
tilidagi "^-Jeong" va "Ш-Xan" so'zlaridan tashkil topgan koreyscha o'ziga xos
iboralarning ma'nosi va bu iboralar o'zbek tiliga tarjima qilinganda qanday cheklovlar borligi ko 'rib chiqiladi.
Kalit So'zlar: tarjima, muammolar, chegaralanish, madaniyat, tarjimon, adabiy asarlar, ijtimoiy-madaniy farqlar.
Аннотация: Проблемы перевода часто могут возникать между двумя разными языковыми группами, узбекской и корейской. Это потому, что эти две группы имеют разные языки и культуры. В данной статье будет
разъяснено значение корейских выражений, состоящих из слов « чжон]» и
« Е^[хан]» и ограничения их перевода на узбекский язык.
Ключевые слова: перевод, проблемы, ограниченность, культура, переводчик, художественные произведения, социокультурные различия.
Abstract: Translation problems can often arise between two different language groups, Uzbek and Korean. This is because these two groups have different languages and cultures. Therefore, translators who translate the two languages must take into account the sociocultural differences inherent in each of these languages. In this paper, I would like to examine the meaning of Korean expressions made up of the
words '^[jeong]' and han]' and the limitations of translating them into Uzbek language.
TRANSLATION FORUM - 2022 \\ VOLUME 2 | SPECIAL ISSUE 28
ФОРУМ ПЕРЕВОДОВЕДОВ-2022 ISSN 2181-1784
TARJIMASHUNOSLAR FORUMI- 2022 ^ SJIF 2022: 5.947 | ASI Factor = 1.7
Key words: translation, problems, limitation, culture, translator, literary works, sociocultural differences.
1.30| #Ch[jeong-i dilda]
One of the longest-explained expressions for many foreigners learning Korean is the word '3[jeong]'. A letter consists of one syllable,
but since this word is unique, long-term practice and continuous contact with Koreans are required for foreign learners learning the Korean
language to accurately recognize and use the word '3[jeong]' fluently. Koreans use the word '3[jeong] to express the formation of friendly and
intimate relationships. Getting closer and closer in the word '3[jeong]'
comes as a result of being affectionate. In other words, the more affection accumulates, the closer we become, and the process of deepening the bond
is expressed in the words '301 ^h0|^[jeong-i saida]'.
There is a Korean belief that '3[jeong]' deepens and gets better in
proportion to the continuation of a friendly relationship and frequent meeting and getting used to each other. At this time, the relationship
between the two people is expressed as '30| ^ jung-i din guange]' and 'a relationship with affection'. Here, the word '^^[dinda]' means '30 олл^[jung-i sengyotta]'. And the people who have formed a relationship with that kind of '3[jung]' are often called '^^[chingu]-do'st', '^^[yonin]-juft', and '^^[bubu]-er-hotin' or broadly call it '¥B|[uri]-biz'.
Currently, '3[jeong]' used in Korea is classified into two types.1
1 ea ХЩ 2016. -116-130p.
257
The first is '^^I^AH^I S-relational affection'. This is a bond that
arises 'about someone' or 'about something'. The second is 'S[jeong]' as 'character, personality'.
Some examples sentence of 'S[jeong]' used as the first meaning(relation affection) are as follows.
W^h E^O^HA^).[donseng-in jeongdin chingudilgua
heojigiga sirinji jonhak gagi siltago teril sotta].
Ukam aziz do'stlari bilan xayrlashishni hoxlamagani uchun boshqa maktabga ko'chish haqida shikoyat qildi.
In this example, 'S^ ^^[jeongdin chingu]-affectionate friend' is
simply translated as 'aziz do'stlar', but the word 'S[jeong]' has a special
meaning beyond 'aziz' to be simply expressed as 'aziz do'st'. In this
sentence, to explain 'S^ ^^-affectionate friend/aziz do'stlar' in more
detail, it indicates that they have been together for a 'long time', so they have adapted to each other and have 'many memories' in the time they spent together.
£EH SiO olttolof:
[ore jeongdiro saldon bubugane ibyoriya ojukayosirya]. Uzoq vaqt davomida bir-biriga yaqin bo'lib yashagan er-xotinning ajralishi qanchalik achinarli edi?
In this example, ' SiO nr^-a couple who lived in love for a
long time' was translated as 'Uzoq vaqt davomida bir-biriga yaqin bo'lib yashagan er-xotin'.
Since 'S[jeong]' is a word that cannot be defined with just one word,
a situation arises in which the length of the sentence itself is inevitably shortened when translated into Uzbek.
aoi xm^ n o^ aoi ssm^.
[myochil gachi jinenin dong-an gi aiwa mani jeondirotta].
U bilan o 'tkazgan bir necha kun davomida men unga qattiq bog'lanib qoldim.
In this example, the expression '§^Ch[jeongdilda]' is translated as
'qattiq bog'lanib qolmoq'. This also clearly proves that there is a limit to
the word 'S[jeong]' being expressed in one word, so when translated into
Uzbek, it can only be explained by unraveling.
As confirmed through the examples above, ' S^Ch[jeongdilda]'to
be translated as 'o'rganib qolgani uchun yaqin munosabatda bo'lmoq' or 'uzoq vaqt davomida birga yashagani uchun o'z o'zlariga mehrbon bo'lmoq', 'sevib qolmoq' in Uzbek.
Through this, it can be seen that 'S[jeong]' is difficult to express in
the form of a single word or short verb. In addition, it can be seen that in the Uzbek translation, different words are expressed according to the context of the conversation.
Examples of 'S[jeong]' used as the second meaning are as follows.
Usually, when expressing 'personality, character, and behavior', it is
expressed in the form of '(Eh)S^M^[(da)jeongsiropta]\
^S^H^I dm ^d
[seommanin naril chintalchorom dajeongsiropke dehe jusyotta].
O'gay onam menga haqiqiy qizdek mehrbon munosabatda bo'Idi.
In this example, the expression '^S^H^[dajeonsiropta]' is used
to indicate that the stepmother treats her daughter, who is not her own, lovingly and warmly.
This expression has been translated into Uzbek as 'mehrbon munosabatda bo'lmoq'.
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OOPYM nEPEBO^OBE^OB-2022 /^V ISSN 2181-1784
TARJIMASHUNOSLAR FORUMI- 2022 ^ SJIF 2022: 5.947 | ASI Factor = 1.7
c^tu so ae a^. [i^^od^^].
[dagamhago jeong-i manin saram]
Nozik va kop mehrga ega bo'Igan odam.
In this example, 'CSt A^h[dajeonghan saram]' is translated as
'nozik va mehr ko'p'.
Through the above examples, it can be confirmed that the Korean
adjective 'S[jeong]' is difficult to describe in a single word or short expression when translated into Uzbek. This is because the words 'S[jeong]', 'SiC[jeongdilda]' and 'CStC[dajeonghada]' are expressions unique to the Korean language.
2. Korean national sentiment ' t [han]'
In Korean, han (fi) is not a momentary emotion, but an old emotion such as anger, regret, pity, or all of them mixed together. Sadness after a
breakup cannot be 't[han]', but when you look back 20 years later,
breaking up with the person of that fate can be ' t[han]'.
It is also sometimes replaced by the expression '§O^[ing-ori]-core'. Han is the most Korean emotion of sadness.
Even in the West, the same concept as a basic characteristic of emotion cannot be seen. There are words such as 'regret', 'resentment',
and 'rancour' in English that are close to ' t[han]', but they are far from
't[han]' in terms of meaning. 'resentment' is rather closer to resentment
than 't[han]', and 'resentful' is also closer to resentment than 't[han]'.
But why do Koreans have so many 't[han]'? What is the cause of
the Korean 't[han]'? First, it can be said that it is because of the history of anxiety and withdrawal. Korea's history is made up of civil wars and
2 2005.
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о
foreign invasions. Such endless civil wars and foreign invasions made Korean people never have a day to feel comfortable, and gave birth to regressive psychological phenomena. As a result, Koreans became more depressed than people in any other country. Second, it can be attributed to the class consciousness created by Confucianism-centered ideology. Under the Confucian order, the lower class or slaves were not allowed any freedom as human beings. They have always kept a deep-rooted resentment and resentment.4 Third, it may be because of the tyranny of men against women that originated from the idea of
' nh^O^H|[namjonyobi]-male superiority over women' and the female
resentment that arises from being forced to respect the virtues of their race. Fourth, it can be said that it is because of the sadistic nobility of nobles and the resentment of the masochistic people. The gap between the rich and the poor deepened due to the exploitation of the people by the government officials and the gentry, and the poor naturally regarded the aristocrats as objects of resentment. In addition, when Taejo Wang Geon of Goryeo established a new dynasty, the people of Baekje, who were most resistant to him, were later discriminated against by the people of Goryeo. It was a
big reason that why Koreans have 'ff[han]'. In addition, many
resentments and limits between individuals arose from stepmothers and stepchildren, stepbrothers, and conflicts of interest with neighbors. The
Korean people tried to solve this 'ff [han]' through folk beliefs, through
folk songs and pansori, through religion, and through volitional actions.
The Korean people tried to solve this 'ff[han]' through folk beliefs,
through folk songs and pansori, through religion, and through volitional actions. In other words, Koreans have found a new way to prevent
'ff [han]' from falling into the powerlessness that ends in resignation, from
falling into the depression of anxiety caused by suppression, and also to
prevent 'ff [han]' from being expressed in violence.
3 0|X|£. ^ff ^ Ж4ЛН ЛЙ Ы|Ж г^Ш ^Й! 2006. -43p.
4 гаш. ^о Й iff 22. ^итж. 1992. -36p.
261
Through the following examples, it can be more accurately understanded how ' t[han]' is used in Korean culture.
O^xfe yst^ ao 5t 50 toc.
[i^d t^OdA^]. [abojinin salimsriga binchonhayo mani beuji
motan gosi hanida].
Otam turmush sharoiti yomon bo'Igani uchun ko 'p narsani o 'rganmaganidan afsuslanadi.
Kambag'al hayot tufayli ko'p narsani o'rgana olmagani otasining qalbida katta qayg'u bo'lib qoladi.
In order to more accurately express the word ' t[han]' in the Korean
example above, it has been translated twice into Uzbek. This is because
there is no Uzbek word that 100% fits the Korean word for ' t[han]'. As
you can see from the translation, 't[han]' is expressed as 'afsus' or 'qayg'u' in Uzbek.
^ee @ d^i to
[nampyonin bulguga duen orinson temune hani metyo itssotta].
O'zining o'ng qo 'li cho 'loq bo 'lgani uchun er qayg'urdi. O'ng qo'li cho'loq bo'lib qolganidan erningyuragi ezilib ketdi.
Even in this example, ' t[han]' could not be adequately explained in
one word, so two translations were carried out. In this example, ' t[han]' is translated as 'qayg'urmoq' and 'yurak ezilib ketmoq' in Uzbek.
^so ggoi ^ 7^1 to ao sm ^d
t^OdA^].
[sorumi chopchobi sayo gasima hani doeo mechyotta]. Qayg'u qatlam-qatlamyig'ilib, yuragimda achchiq tuyg'u hosil qildi. G'am to planib, qalbimda unutilmas g'am bo'lib qoldi.
In the above example, 't[han]' was translated as 'unutilmas g'am' and 'achchiq tuyg'u'. As can be seen through the translated Uzbek
example sentence, Korean 't[han]' is a sad and painful feeling that has
262
remained in the heart for a long time, and it can be confirmed that it cannot be simply expressed as 'sad' or 'regret'.
3. Conclusion
Culture cannot develop without language, and there is no language in the world that does not reflect culture. In other words, culture and language are inextricably linked as two sides of a coin. Therefore, even if a language composed of letters is translated, if the culture and national consciousness system embedded in the language are translated only as a dictionary definition without being separately confirmed, the reader who reads the translated text will not be able to fully sympathize with the
content. will be. In this thesis, the meaning and usage of 'S[jeong]' and
'S[han]' which are unique words of the Korean people, and the
limitations of expression when translated into Uzbek are described.
In Korea, 'S[jeong]' and 'S[han]' can be seen as unique words
representing the national sentiment created based on the unique psychological system and history of Koreans. Therefore, it can be confirmed through this thesis that for Uzbeks who do not have the same culture and history as Korea, these words can only be translated at length with words such as 'qattiq bog'lanib qolish', 'uzoq vaqt davomida bir-biriga yaqin bo'lib yashash', 'aziz', 'mehrbon munosabatda bo'lish', 'qayg'urish' and 'achchiq tuyg'u'.
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