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11ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
УДК 8142:811.512.122
_ЛЕКСИКА ТЕКСТОВ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ ФАНТАСТИКИ_
Алексеева Мария Александровна,
кандидат филологических наук, зав. кафедрой филологии Специализированного учебнонаучного центра Уральского федерального университета имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина,
г. Екатеринбург Смаилова А.Ш.,
Старший преподаватель кафедры пркатического курса казахского языка Карагандинского
государственного университета им. Е.А.Букетова. Казахстан.
Рахимбаева Б.О.
Старший преподаватель кафедры пркатического курса казахского языка Карагандинского _государственного университета им. Е.А.Букетова. Казахстан.
THE "QUASI VOCABULARY" IN KAZAKH LITERARY FANTASY TEXTS
Smailova Anar Shabazovna
Rakhymbayeva Bagira Ospanovna. Academician E.А. Buketov Karaganda State University
Аннотация
Лексика на вербальном пласте текстов художественной фантастики нуждается в специальном рассмотрении. Всеообщая народная лексика, специальная лексика, квазитермины, разные профессиональные слова, неологизмы используются в целях наиболее реального представления мира фантазии, который описывает писатель, для донесения научно-фантастической или технической информации, касающиеся событий и явлений, для уточнения, описания, ознакомления необходимых реалий донесения концептуальной мысли автора. Авторские неологизмы, встречающиеся в текстах фантастики в научной литературе называют по-разному. Использованные автором термины в рассматриваемом тексте можно назвать квазитерминами, однако надо признать, что их нельзя отнести к ряду поэтических окказионалимов. Квазитермины образованы аналитическим словообразовательным способом казахского языка, использованы для наименования разных квазиреалиев.
Annotation
The verbal level of vocabulary of the Kazakh literary fantasy texts need to make special determination. The following constructions like general and national vocabulary, special vocabulary, quasiturbine, different professional words, neologisms help to the author express the feeling which was produced according to some events or situations, also the author can describe the real emotions which was the result of some activity and the writer can express his knowledge according to scientific researches or determine the special scientific or technical terminology where kept a lot of information. These kinds of methods are considered to be as the best one to describe, transfer, select and analyze the information. Some authorial neologisms in fantasy texts can be called differently in scientific literature. The examples which are discussed in the texts can be called quasiturbine. Nevertheless the quasiturbine cannot be considered to be the nonce words. The quasiturbine is made from analytical Kazakh language and using to call different quasiradials.
Ключевые слова: текст художественной фантастики, квазилексика, аналитический способ, реалия, словообразование.
Key words: fantasy literary texts, quasiturbine, conceptual thoughts, reality, word formation, analytical method.
Fantasy fiction literature is known to be as the fiction born from thoughts and it it most of all appeared from scientific or technical society and it describes the events which can be unfamiliar for others, and fantasy fiction literary texts contain these kind of specifics. The notion of fantasy means the art of dreaming. «Scientific-fantasy becomes as a child of literature. Thus, the person who reads this scientific information must take fantastic power and inspite of detemining tendencies in science the reader must take an aesthetics pleasure. .
Useful components of the written work should not be over or less, these components must contain all beauty of literature and people must take not only spiritual pleasure, but also scientific cognition.» [1:175] said А.-Kh. Мarkhabayev. He was hardworking at formation of Kazakh fantasy and paid a lot of attention to the readers' opinion, that's why people know his role in Kazakh literature. Thus in post Soviet union his work and monograph which studied Kazakh fantasy were the first one.
New level of science and technique puts the era of fantasy literature to the concrete way of investigation:
the ancient dreams combine with the real scientific facts, the fiction about sky combines with astronautics, astrophysics and space medicine. These branches start to mix frequently and build new notions.
In А.-Kh.Ph. Маrkhabayev's novel «The lights of the stars come to the Earth» using of language tools determined the goal of written work, also where shown verbal construction of the words and the functions of literary style, and the author used individual word constructions, models of word formation, all these methods were shown in the works of the writer, which shows again the individual style of the author.
The particularity of the writer expresses that the writer was very skilled in writing he used in achieving one goal. According stylistic goal in the Аbdul-Khamid Ph. Маrkhabayev's work there are fantasy terminologies, fantasy professional words, authorial neologisims, proverbs, abbreviated words, complicated names, adjective words.
Kazakh literary fantasy texts at verbal level have national general vocabulary which widely used in oral and written speech. One of the most popular genres in literature remains fiction. Flight of the human imagination is so wide and diverse that each book of this magical genre completely unexpected. Probably any other genre can't give so many different thoughts so seriously to expand the boundaries of our thinking and escape in their assumptions so far away in space and time. And to see not only our future but also the past, which is also mysterious. These varieties can be used to clarify, define and introduce definite concepts or ideas of the author.
Within the same class of Kazakh society vocabulary becomes one of the tools of ideological class struggle. Because the language of class society splits into class dialects, the use of certain words, it is characteristic of this dialect, becomes one of the signs of affiliation of the speaker to one or another class. If we pay attention very carefully to appeared words, the origin of the word can be different, because the word can be changed according to some historical events. Also the word can be formed according to the society, its geographical position, culture.
When vocabulary analysis of individual poems or artistic production of a certain writer is generally necessary thus mainly the author needs to study its critical moments as a specifically-stylistic, morphological units, syntaxes, phonetics and other form of words.
Thus literature gives one of the main directions of development of modern linguistics is the development of issues related to the systematization of vocabulary, the establishment of the necessary principles of modeling and solving these problems with a systematic approach to the analysis of the communicative functions of different lexical systems.
Fantasy writer pays a great attention to the meaningful facts of information and simple national vocabulary and special terminology are not enough for appearing new literary work, because he cannot express his feelings and ideas through the definite word constructions that is why the author has to create new words to discover his inner thoughts. But in the literary fantasy texts there are many definitions which are given
Национальная ассоциация ученых (НАУ) # 36, 2018 to these words. In this side from Russian language was taken "quasilocal", "quasiturbune", "fictional terms", "lying terms" ("untruth terms", "fictive terms", "quasilocal", "quasiturbune") and widely used in the works of fantasy writers.
According to nowadays technology, techniques and expressive using of word formation in Russian and English languages M.Yepshtain suggested to classify neologisms as in the following way: 1) futurologist; 2) the actualism; 3) expresses; 4) protologism.
The author gave the full information according to each type of neologism and explained the way of constructing these types. The most important type is futurologist, because it was appeared as the result of developing science and technique. They were appeared from the words "futuroloqism" and "foreword", thus neologisms have no any truth but if there is some information about the name of the area, it can contain true information. The word which is widely used in almost every language and which was appeared by brothers Chapeks in 1920 ''robot" becomes as the result of futurologist. In 1984 the famous fantasy writer U.Gibson was the founder of the words like cyberspace, cyberpunk. Futurology is in a wide sense of the total vision for the future of Earth and humanity; in the narrow sense - the science of the future, engaged in a systematic study of the predictable processes occurring both in practical life and in the sphere of scientific-technical progress and the development of mathematical methods of statistical and other information for making verifiable predictions, which could serve as the basis for planning not only in the field of economy, science and technology, but also in the social and political sphere. Russian writer suggested the second type of neologisms. "The term itself is a new word that has not become a neologism. It was proposed by me in 2003, the term protolo-gism became widespread in the English language, in particular, is widely used in the world's largest network encyclopedia (Wikipedia). Protologism is (protolo-gism, from Greek protos, first, initial + logos, word) - a new word proposed by the author of an introduction to the language, but not yet found applications in other authors, not entrenched as the neologism» [2].
In this case linguistics offer words which were familiar from ancient time there are nationalism and potential words and academician R.S. Syzdyk said: "In the works of private poets and writers there were no any strict using of nationalism and can we refer spontaneous words to the linguistic neologisms? we must carefully pay attention to this question» [3,169]. We think that the texts in literary fantasy texts are impossible to refer to the authorial using of nationalism, because their stylistic function is different, it means that the writer uses these words in following aims: «а) to give the idea definitely and briefly; b) to collect complicated images in the writer's mind and to analyze giving separate and several meanings; c) to give or rename old names of some notions to new one; d) to feel importance of brightly describing of some event; e) to use different objectives of the poetic techniques: 1) to save the similarity; 2) not to break rhythm; f) while using try to be out of tautology; g) at the end of work try to make it different, to exchange the word "old" [4;45-46].
For example, researcher R. Syzdyk showed the nationalism in the novel of A. Kekilbayev «Urker» as to be brave, a true friend, a bad friend, meeting hall, greeting, but in the work of О. Bokeyev «Where are you, my friend?» researcher showed the words as ancient time, escape, Kh. Nurmukhanov menotioned the words like beauty, ancient, old, domination, wish to come, unsuccess, K.Myrza gave as the examples two lines from the works of Ali: Working people in desert made some money, they worked hard and made honey. And one of the Kazakh women writers G. Salkybay said nationalism as the new nomination in the work: And you never come home as usually, you never forget me. It is not necessary to cry a lot, because our life is short. These examples are considered to be as one of the neologisms or poetical nationalism.
The term (from lat. terminus - limit, boundary) means a word or phrase which is the name of a concept some areas of science, technology and art.
The terms are specializing, restrictive markings characteristic of this sphere of objects, events, properties and relations. Unlike the words of General vocabulary, which are often ambiguous and are emotionally charged, the terms within the scope of unambiguous and devoid of expression. Terms exist within a certain terminology that is included in a specific lexical system of the language, but only through specific terminological system. And the usage of lexical units in science has some differences in literary fantasy texts. In the works of Abdul-Khamid Ph. Markhabayev it will be right if the authorial using contained to the quasiturbune, because quasi from lat. means "almost" (seem), "the same" (similar), "as...as" (like or the same) and already became the elements of language using in everyday life of people. Kazakh literary texts mean the special nature of artistic works that were directly opposed to realism. Fantasy does not recreate reality in its laws and practices, but freely violate them; it forms its unity and integrity not by analogy with the way it is done in the actual world; - the fantastic pattern of the world is quite different, by nature, regularity than realistic.
Thus actually the authors of literary fantasy texts genuinely have its genuine nature, preserving its mark in all circumstances and independent of any condition of knowledge; it is our imagination, as a world of laws and relationships, completely different than what we know from our ordinary experience: a truly mysterious spine inconceivable to the mind by its very nature. In the broadest sense will be fantastic all of the artwork, as all dreams, as special self-contained worlds with Genesis in fantasy, not constituting a valid part of the world. Insufficient absorption of the fact that realistic and fantastic are just a variation of the single in its essence the fantasy world, led to a false understanding of realism, and to the neglect of F. In fact, if philosophical and formal-aesthetic criticism is appreciated F., often preferably even before realism in art, we have long prevailed journalistic criticism completely ignored. Fantasy which is impossible to associate with the urgent issues of life, but perhaps only with questions of the highest order, that is why the author divides quasitur-bune into two types: 1) some fiction which was ap-
peared from the mind, which can fully describe unknown world, its everyday life; 2) events which are appearing in mind, which help to describe almost all information around.
The quasiturbune in the texts of A.-Kh. Markhabayev was made with a help of analytical method which is used from ancient time in word formation of the Kazakh language.
In Kazakh language the author often used the most effective method of word formation, there are analytical method, word constructing, word building, additional words, short words. In this case quasiturbune was formed most of all by word formation, for example from Greek pio - pioç, bios means «life» and these words were differenciated in several way and added to the names of body as the result of it there are some words which have appeared: bio body, bio heart, bio mass, bio brain, bio eye, bio system, bio throat, bio mouth, bio body, bio neuron. Such words like quasi words, quasi laser, gala space monitor have several different elements, nevertheless these words were made from quasiturbunes in pure Kazakh language, for example, space letter, smelled sound picture, space these words have different translation according to its using and meaning.
From ancient language there were appeared some word constructions by adding, for example, manager-roots, driver-specialist, reasercher-chemist-explorer, worker-iron man, solider-iron man, important paper.
Some types of analytical methods are often used in literary fantasy texts, because to give correct characteristics and names to the subject or some events, the words must be corresponded to each other and discover the meaning of the word. To such artificial terms are referred following words like hyper library with Quasi record, Rezh Selection Group, Competition of Valuable Books, the Glass which observe Space Ships of the planets, the Glass of Quasi Smelled sound picture Information of Rezh Planet and such words can be shown to characterize some places or events. Some of such words in the texts are clear from the contexts and other became authorial nonce words. For example, in Kazakh language texts the lexemes are made from some word constructions.
The nonce words instead of neologisms are not a fact of the language system, they freely formed in the speech whenever they are needed. Unlike potential words, nonce words are created in violation of the laws of the common language of word formation. In contrast to the usage of words, nonce words are contrary to the tradition and the rate of consumption. Such method was used in the works of A.-Kh. Markhabayev. For example, the author shorted some long words: MP - the Main Programmer. And all board contained to the Main Programmer (MP); CSI - the Center of Spreading Information. The computer of CSI was weak andfinally broken; PCPW - the President of Centre Property and Wealth. At the end PCPW was fired; MPRU - the Manager of People who Relate with Unknown people. MPR Usuddenly stopped talking and then continued his speech. When the author mentioned these words at first time, he wrote them full, then in brief like an abbreviation.
All quasiturbunes which are met in the text of the author we can identify according to the themes as fol-lowings:
1. Names which are known for human fantsy, but become different from other things: biobody; bioheart; biomassa; biobrain; bioeye; bio throat, bio nose; bio system, bio flesh; bio ear; ways of bio breathing; bio bones.
2. Professional words which are used in the space professional type: analyze maker - root; the head of cyber-room; robot secretary; space messenger; robot translator; bio cyber; driver; bio manager; reasercher-chemist-explorer.
3. Names of the planets which appeared like a fiction: the planet of Ismer, the planet of Kazh, the planet of Kore, the planet of Rezh, the planet of Sher, the planet of Ro, the planet of Korgan, the planet of Sion.
4. Terms which are used in the planets which were mentioned before: space letter, quark recorder with huge library, quasi-body-vision, thin paper, smelled sound picture, ufology and literature, gala space monitor.
In spite of these words there are many other names of gadgets, furniture because the author tried to explain his inner world in real using quasi word constrictions. For example, If you press colorful buttons, you notice that every button has its function; Next example, if uoy want to see lon tabels in the corner of the meeting room, press red big button which is situated opposite to the analyse maker roots; to control spaceships between planets The main Bakhadur will disturb and harm your space construction and your ship will be thrown out of space ship.
In the literay works of Abdul-Khamid Ph.Markhabayev there are a lot of information about people who live in their inner world and who wanted to express these events very colorful and also in literary way, thus the author always tried to show inner feelings in literary fantasy texts, he could use new words which were unkown for readers, but most of all there were ethnovocabulary words in his works: Why don't you say to the translator robot about this event, because only he can translate and understand other speech, he does it very quickly, it is so convenient to have such robot translator! Thus all the bio cyber men started to join to this opinion. It is necessary to give all responsibilities of alive bio manager roots to the «trick ironman», isn't it?! Since she has been official woman, she never loses a moment to visit her relatives from the planet of Sion and she always thinks about it. It seems that there were no any «beautiful, kind, wonderful and smart» girl on the planet Rezh who could be the wife, but instead of
choosing a bride at his own planet, he went too far to make relationship with people from Sion planet. He met such woman who looked not so pretty and her intelligence was so poor, but he did it for one purpose to organize Unique Independent Relationship between Planets and be the Bakhadur of it.
As you have noticed, there is bright example of different topical types which are considered to be lexical units and phraseologies in national color.
Abdul-Khamid Ph. Маrkhabayev's work contain proved word constructions and additional word combinations as following.
For example: the Queen-Daraboz, Kosbas-Samu-ryk, black-robot, worker-hard worker, astrologist - biologist, Linguist-ironman, solider-ironman.
1) The queen-Daraboz's bio and simple ironmen were differentiated as the character of the Master, it looked like ozone touched by Freon and his character was completely changed.
2) All ironmen who were behind him became very brave and have common sense, but the respected iron-men of the planets ofKosbas-Samuryk and Nysan didn't know any information at all.
3) ...And the most polite worker-ironmen in this Palace did not pay attention the events around.
4) The Astrologist-bio ironman who was sitting comfortably, suddenly he was frightened.
5)... Then, translater-ironman observed everything very carefully and he did not miss anything from his eyes.
6)... And solider-ironmen went somewhere far away.
The lexical pecularities of A.-Kh. Markhabayev's literary fantasy texts have more features than it was mentioned above, there are also functions which identify markers of the relationship of some texts and anthroponimic styles of the texts. In conclusion, lexical units of the verbal constructions can express the stylistic features of the texts and the way of building the texts through the Kazakh literary texts.
Literature:
1. Markhabayev A.-Kh. Poetry of Kazakh fantasy. - Almaty, 2008.
2. Epshtain M.N. Types of new words: The experience of classification. -http://www.topos.ru/article/5174
3. Syzdyk R. Innovation and old in Kazakh language. - Almaty: Arys, 2009. - 272 p.
4. Muratova G.A. Needs and spontaneity in Kazakh literature. - Almaty, 2002. - 138 p.
