CC BY
0
UDC. 504.06
Axmadjonova Yo.T.
teacher
"Chemistry " department Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute Uzbekistan
LEGAL BASIS OF WISE USE AND PROTECTION OF WATER
RESOURCES
Abstract. In the article, the legal basis of the work carried out in the Republic of Uzbekistan on the rational use and protection of water resources is highlighted based on the analysis.
Key words. water resources, water management, reclamation, agriculture, law, decision, decree, "Uzbekistan-2030 " strategy.
Introduction. Water is one of the main conditions for existence of life on earth. But, nowadays, it is not possible to directly use all the water in nature. At the same time, the concept of "water resources»should not be understood as a synonym for all waters. In fact, this category is not only characteristic of nature, but also changes in socio-historical and economic stages. At the current stage of development, water resources consist of all fresh and moderately mineralized, naturally or artificially sweetened, purified water, and are currently used and can be used in all sectors of the national economy.
Methodology. Water is a renewable natural resource. But for this, firstly, the reserve of rivers, glaciers, and underground water must be unchanged for centuries;
secondly, the degree of pollution of natural waters under the influence of human economic activities should not be greater than their ability to self-restore in quality.
The main sources of water resources in our country consist of natural clean water in rivers, streams, springs, reservoirs, lakes, and fresh and moderately mineralized underground water.
98% of agricultural production in our country is accounted for by irrigated farming. 180,000 km to provide water to irrigated areas and other sectors of the economy. channel, 141 thousand km. a water management system consisting of a ditch was established. For its effective operation, a large amount of money is allocated from the state budget every year.
In fact, a lot of work is being done in our country in terms of rational use of water resources, improvement of land reclamation, improvement and modernization of water management facilities.
In particular, water-saving technologies (drip, sprinkler, film on the edge, watering with flexible pipes) are being widely implemented. The association of
water consumers was established in order to regulate relations regarding the use of water at the lowest level of water management. These works are effective in the development of the water management and reclamation sector of our country, increase in the volume of production of agricultural products, and supply of food products to the population. Improving the legal framework for water management is of vital importance in the economical and rational use of existing water sources. Of course, certain things have been done in this regard.
Result and discussion. One of them is the Law "On amendments and additions to some legal documents of the Republic of Uzbekistan in connection with the deepening of economic reforms in agriculture and water management". A number of amendments and additions were made to 10 legal documents mainly related to the field of agriculture and water management, including the Law "On Water and Water Use»[1].
Based on the amendment to the Law "On Water and Water Use", Water User Unions (SFU) were transformed into Water Consumer Unions (SIU), and their status, obligations and tasks were clearly defined [2].
Also, according to the amendment to the Law «On Administrative Responsibility», the amount of fines applied to persons who violate the rules of water use has doubled. This, of course, serves to further increase the responsibility of water users and consumers.
The adoption of the Law "On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Water and Water Use»[3] is of great importance in accelerating the introduction of water-saving irrigation technologies and in the rational use of water is earning.
The Decree of the President of June 17, 2019 "On measures for the effective use of land and water resources in agriculture» [4] serves to reduce the impact of these negative consequences and eliminate them in the future. From this document, important tasks such as gradual re-use of lands that have fallen out of use as a result of the deterioration of irrigation and melioration conditions in the Republic over the years, effective use of underground water reserves, introduction of water-saving technologies, and reduction of water loss through the reconstruction of internal irrigation networks got rin.
In the past short period, large-scale works are being carried out to improve the soil fertility of irrigated and semi-arid lands, mountain and subalpine and desert-pasture areas, and to effectively use water and other natural resources. In addition, in order to achieve the stability of the country's food supply based on modern methods, special attention is being paid to the creation of new high-yielding agricultural crops and their primary seed production.
Careful use of water resources in agriculture helps to maintain ecological balance and biodiversity in natural systems. Maintaining clean and healthy aquatic ecosystems ensures their ability to independently process pollutants and support the life of a variety of aquatic organisms.
In order to quickly adapt to global climate changes, the decision "On urgent measures to increase the efficiency of water resources use» [5] in the conditions of the expected water shortage in the summer irrigation season of 2023, agriculture we can say that it was adopted in order to provide stable water supply to agricultural fields and economic sectors and to use existing water resources effectively, it is a continuation of the work being carried out in our country.
According to the decision, in 2023, the main directions of increasing the efficiency of the use of existing water resources were determined as follows:
- use of available water resources with strict distribution among water consumers;
- improvement of state support for the introduction of water-saving technologies;
- reducing water losses in irrigation systems;
- increase payment transparency by optimizing the cost of water resources delivery to the farmer's field;
-introduction of modern information and communication technologies in the management of water resources.
18.7 thousand km in the "Uzbekistan-2030" strategy [6] adopted in September 2023. or 66 percent of the concrete-covered highway and inter-farm canals with a soil bed to 13.1 thousand km or 46 percent, as well as salinization of irrigated land areas as a result of the construction and reconstruction of reclamation facilities reduction of areas to 1.7 million hectares is set as a priority.
It is not for nothing that in recent years, this issue has received such great attention in our country. Because water sources are important for many ecosystems in Uzbekistan, including rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Careful treatment and management of water resources leads to preservation of biological diversity, improvement of water quality, and enables the preservation and development of ecotourism.
On the positive side, efficient use of land and water resources in agriculture, especially water conservation, will be an important factor in helping the country adapt to climate change and mitigate the negative impacts of drinking water depletion, increased risk of fire and drought.
Conclusion The law is strong with enforcement. Therefore, it is important to regularly study the implementation of the adopted legal documents, to identify the defects arising in the field of law enforcement, and to formulate viable proposals for eliminating the shortcomings.
The improvement of the legislation on the rational use of water resources creates the basis for the modernization of agriculture, the improvement of the ecosystem, in a word, the change of attitude towards water, which is the source of life.
References:
1. Decree-Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 25.12.2009 No. 240 "Regarding the deepening of economic reforms in agriculture and water management" Law at https://lex.uz/docs/-1564052
2. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 06.05.1993 No. 837-XII "On Water and Water Use»https://lex.uz/docs/-12328? ONDATE =15.09.2017%2000
3. The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 30.11.2021 O'RQ-733 "On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Water and Water Use»https://lex.uz/docs/-5748712
4. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-5742 dated 17.06.2019 "On measures for effective use of land and water resources in agriculture»https://lex.uz/docs/-4378526
5. Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 01.04.2023 No. PQ-107 "On measures that cannot be delayed to increase the efficiency of water resources use»https://lex.uz/docs/-6420836?0NDATE2 = 08. 01. 2024 &action=compare
6. Akhmadjonova, Y. T. (2022). Hydrological description and hydrocemical analysis of the aydar-arnasoy lake system. Экономика и социум, (5-2 (92)), 2527.
7. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-158 dated 11.09.2023 "On the Uzbekistan-2030 Strategy" https://lex.uz/ru/docs/-6600413
8. Akhmadjonova, Y. T. (2022). Water composition and ecological status of aydar-arnasoy lake system. Экономика и социум, (5-2 (92)), 21-24.
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10. Ахмаджанова, Ё. Т., & Яхшиева, З. З. (2021). Анализ воды Айдар Арнасайского озера на содержание тяжелых металлов. Журнал естественных наук, 1(4).
