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39LEARNING VOCABULARY IN A LANGUAGE BY DIFFERENT
METHODS Umarov B.N.
Umarov Bobir Norboyevich - Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, UZBEK STATE UNIVERSITY OF WORLD LANGUAGES, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article includes approaches which emphasize to learn vocabulary among the people. Learning vocabulary is a very important part of learning a language. The more words you know, the more you will be able to understand what you hear and read; and the better you will be able to say what you want to when speaking or writing. Keywords: vocabulary, active vocabulary, passive vocabulary, context.
The most important task language learning is the acquisition of vocabulary. If we have enough words, we can make sense of what we are reading or listening to and we can somehow express ourselves. Vocabulary is much more important than grammar. The grammar you acquire gradually as you become familiar with the language, with the words, but first of all you need words.
Every day you hear or read many new English words. You also find them in your dictionary when you are translating from your own language. You can't possibly learn all this new words, so your first problem to decide which ones to concentrate on. Here are some suggestions [1]:
• Learn the words that are important the subjects you are studying
• Learn the words that you read or hear again and again
• Learn the words that you know you will often want to use yourself
• Do not learn words that are rare or not useful(your teacher can help you with this)
Once you have chosen which words to learn, you next have to decide how you are going
to learn them. Here are a few ideas [2]:
• Write the words in a notebook (with their translations or definitions)
• Write the words and definitions on small cards
• Say the words times(if you have an electronic dictionary you can hear how the words pronounced)
• Put the words into different groups(you could use a graphic organizer)
• Write them in a file for use with a computer program
• Make associations(in pictures or with other words)
• Ask someone to test you
• Use the words in your own speaking or writing
Some students put a tick or cross in their dictionary next to every word they up. The next time every word they turn to a page with a marked word, they quickly check to see if they remember the meaning of that word.
In all of the above ways, you are doing something with the words. It's usually not enough to just through a list of words with their definitions or translations and try to remember them. Most students find that they memorize words better if they do something with them. Even better is to try and learn the word in a typical combination with other words. Learning that to apologize means to say sorry is good start, but it's much better to learn whole expressions containing the word, e.g. He apologized for being late. Not only is this often easier to remember, but you are also learning very important information on how the word is used.
Often, however, you will be given a set of words by your teacher and told to learn them for a vocabulary test. In this case you need to be sure exactly how you will be tested, because this will
influence how you learn the words. There are several ways that the teacher might test your vocabulary learning, but the ways are broadly divided into two categories [2]:
• You will be given the word and have to:
a.Write a definition
b. Use it in an example sentence
c.Translate it into your language
• You will be given:
a.A definition
b. A gapped example sentence
c.The translation into your language and you have to write the English word
If you do a vocabulary test from the group above, then in most cases you will need to learn the exact spelling of the word and will lose marks if you misspell it. The way you learned very many of the words in your own language were by meeting them in books and magazines you read. The context of a new word in a sentence or story was often enough for you to guess meaning. Meeting the word again and again in your reading helped you learn it for use in your own speaking and writing. Doing lots of extra reading for pleasure- both fiction and non-fiction- is an excellent way to learn new English words, too. But choose books that you find quite easy to read. Difficult stories or texts that you struggle to understand will not help you to develop your vocabulary the natural way. But remember: to learn new words from reading you have to read a lot!
The vocabulary you know can be divided into two groups- passive vocabulary and active vocabulary. Passive vocabulary contains all the words that you understand when you do not use (or cannot remember) in your own writing and speaking. Active vocabulary is all the words that understand, plus all the words that you can use yourself. Your active vocabulary, in English and your own language, is probably much smaller than your passive vocabulary.
References
1. Willets K. (1992). Technology and second language learning. Washington, D.C.: Eric
Clearinghouse on Language and Linguistics.
2. Diamond S. & Gultohn T. (2002). Learning Vocabulary through Activities, Cambridge:
Cambridge University press.
EFFECTIVENESS OF GAMES ON IMPROVING THE VOCABULARY OF PRIMARY LEARNERS Umarova G.
Umarova Gulmira - Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, UZBEK STATE UNIVERSITY OF WORLD LANGUAGES, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: teaching a foreign language is challenging task to do, so creating a playful and enjoyable context is essential for children to develop their overall language proficiency. English is developing as a second language all over the world and several methods of teaching are being created to English. One of them is game based on vocabulary. The aim of creating game among young learners is to increase their interest and explain that learning process can be playful.
Keywords: game, multimedia, warm-up activity, task-based activity.
