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Olimov Kh. Y. teacher
Kokand State Pedagogical Institute
LASSIFICATION OF THE SEMANTIC SERIES OF WORDS ADOPTED FROM FRENCH INTO ENGLISH AND ITS RESEARCH
Annotation. This article is devoted to the modern development of the English language and the different theoretical views of scholars, as well as the importance of assimilation words.
Key words: the role of the modern English language, the importance of words, theoretical views of scholars.
The vocabulary of modern English is very diverse. Throughout the entire history of the development of the language, enrichment of the vocabulary was carried out not only through word formation, certain language resources, but also through acquisition from other languages. Both words and phraseological turns are taken. The acquisition of these borrowed words can occur for various reasons and manifest itself in different ways in the development of the vocabulary of individual languages. In linguistics, words borrowed from other languages, commonly referred to as the general term "acquired words", usually enter the language in two ways: as a result of contact between languages and cultural, historical, socio-economic and other people's o connections between For example, in the course of its historical development, the English language was in contact with the Scandinavian languages and the Norman dialect of the French language. In addition, almost throughout its history, English has had linguistic contact to one degree or another with Latin, Spanish, Russian, German, as well as other languages of the world. Words borrowed from other languages, commonly referred to in linguistics as the general term "acquired words", usually enter the language in two ways: as a result of contact between languages, and through cultural, historical, socio-economic, and other peoples' interactions. there were connections between
As a result of the communication of languages and cultural and economic relations between peoples, the interaction of languages is not equivalent to the results of the influence of one language on another language. depends on the nature of specific historical conditions. For example, the number of words borrowed from the Scandinavian languages in English, as a result of the crossing of these languages, as a result of cultural, political and economic relations between these two peoples, is much lower than the words borrowed from the French language. The words that entered the English language as a result of the crossing of the English language with the French language during the Norman conquests constitute the most important layer of acquisitions in the modern English language [1].
He adopted the most borrowed words in the English language in connection with the need to express new concepts that arise as a result of the contact of the English people with other peoples and in the process of the development of society. However, among the appropriations there are many words that appeared in English as synonyms of pre-existing English words, some of which have firmly entered the English language, while others are still perceived as foreign elements The vocabulary of the language is in a state of almost continuous change, and its change occurs mainly by adding new words [2]. It is difficult to determine the full size of the vocabulary of English (as well as any other language), because in addition to existing words that have been consolidated in dictionaries, new words can be rearranged at any time according to existing patterns of word formation. possible However, in terms of quantity, the vocabulary of modern English is very large. According to I.R. Galperin and E.B.Cherkasskaya, according to modern English dictionaries, it contains about 500 thousand words (according to recent studies, their content exceeds 700 thousand words) authors, total of only 30,000 words [3].
The expansion of the vocabulary of the English language to its current size was the result of complex social and cultural-historical processes that began with the Norman conquest and continued in the following centuries. To try to trace those profound lexical changes that have taken place in the course of the historical development of English, it is precisely during this period that the greatest influx of French appropriations has been observed, contributing to the richness of the vocabulary of the language., as well as the English language is constantly filled with various foreign dictionaries. First, if we consider the classification of borrowings according to their semantic range, V.P. We refer to Sekirina's information. [4].
Many French appropriations of the 20th - 21st centuries reflect various spheres of human activity and cover almost all aspects of the material, sociopolitical and cultural life of England. Along with nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs were used in various fields, but the latter were less quantitatively, the words of the 20th century were mainly from the fields of social and worldly life, literature and art, religion, clothing. It should be noted that a relatively large layer of words representing legal and military terms can also be noted. In the following centuries, the scope and boundaries of borrowed words were significantly expanded, and in addition to the existing fields, military affairs, clothing, etc., as well as geographical concepts, trade (commercial and industrial terms), building names, medicine, etc. with related words). Here we present an approximate thematic classification, taking into account the semantic range of appropriations:
1) words meaning things and events in everyday life.
From a semantic point of view, this is the most capacious group of words, since most of them consist of the most diverse household vocabulary words.
Among the analyzed words, 607 acquired words belong to this group. (visage,chef,chance,detail,queue,alley,recherche,farouche,blase,gauche,blonde,i deal,baggage,appear,arrive,prepare,finish,pass,save,advance etc.), for example:
"Although you say I would not like him myself, I do assure you, if Mr. Solmes were such a man as Mr. Hickman, in person, mind, and behavior, my friends and I had never disagreed about him, if they would not have permitted met olive single; Mr. Lovelace (having such a character as he has) would have stood no chance with me."(Richardson, Clarissa,vol.I,p.279).
References:
1.Гальперин И.Р., Черкасская Е.В. Лексикология английского языка -М.:ГЦКЗОИЯ,1956.-299с
2.Гинзбург Р.З.О пополнении словарного состава/ /Иностранные языки в школе. - М.:УПИМП РСФСР, 1954.-№1.-С.19-32.
3. Секирин В.П. Заимствования в английском языке - Киев.:Изд-во Киевского ун-та,1964.—152с.
4.Mirtojiyev M.O'zbek tili semassiilogiyasi.Tashkent.2010. 5.Irisqulov M.Tilshunoslikka kirish.O'qituvchi nashiryoti.Toshkent.1992.
