CC BY
4
9. Исследование преобразователя частоты [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: URL: https://tvpbt9nm3yyuclwskx6ckm.streamli t.app/ (дата обращения: 02.12.2023).
10. Исследование сигнализатора заземления [Электронный ресурс]. -Режим доступа: URL: https://yvxejnuygdensnrofmb7tt.streamlita pp/ (дата обращения: 02.12.2023).
Аннотации:
Работа посвящена особенностям разработки виртуальных лабораторных работ
для повышения качества образования.
Предложены возможные методы реализации, обоснован выбор фреймворков, применяемых в разработке программного продукта.
Ключевые слова: виртуальные лабораторные работы, python, streamlit, измерения, веб-разработка.
The work is devoted to the features of developing virtual laboratory work to improve the quality of education.
Possible methods of implementation are proposed, and the choice of frameworks used in the development of a software product is justified.
Keywords: virtual laboratory work, python, streamlit, measurements, web development.
УДК 004.+656.254
ДИДРИХ Л.А., преподаватель дисциплин профессионального цикла высшей квалификационной категории (Оренбургский техникум железнодорожного транспорта структурное подразделение Оренбургского института путей сообщения - филиала Федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования Самарского государственного университета путей сообщения)
Квантовая криптография
Diedrich L.A., teacher of professional cycle disciplines of the highest qualification category (OTGT OREI - SSTU Branch)
Quantum cryptography
Введение
Relevance Indicator Quantum cryptography, quantum communication and quantum communications solve the problem in such a way that nature itself prohibits the interception of restricted information.
Hence, it is the quantum network that makes the transmission of information as
secure and reliable as possible.
Анализ последних исследований и публикаций
The following publications can be found in the scientific literature:
Physicists from MIPT together with colleagues from France conduct experiments proving that impurity atoms in
semiconductors can form stable quantum states. These atoms can be used as qubits in a quantum computer. The work is published in the journal Communication Physics.
One of the most perfect at the moment quantum computers created by Google - it is called Sycamore and includes 54 qubits (53 of them work simultaneously).
Young scientists from MIPT were the first in Russia to experimentally realize a working quantum learning algorithm in a chain of superconducting qubits. A quantum neural network of several qubits solved the problems of multiclass classification and recognition of handwritten images with an accuracy of more than 90%. The results were presented at the VI International School on Quantum Technologies, held in early March 2023 in Miass.
Scientists from MIPT, MISIS University and the Russian Quantum Center have obtained a mathematical model for rapid evaluation of the efficiency of satellite quantum communication.
Calculations based on the proposed model of key distribution from the Mo-Tzu satellite to the ground station, created in Russia, will simplify and accelerate practical modeling of the quantum communication channel. The results are presented in the journal Entropy.
To increase the efficiency of development of this technology and to realize the most cherished dream of mankind - to create a universal quantum computer, that performs calculations according to any algorithm as any traditional computer easily does today. This will require the creation of a universal set of quantum gates realizing arbitrary quantum logic.
It is already clear in which specific applications quantum computer will be
able to significantly surpass the classical computer.
Translated with
www.DeepL.com/Translator (free
version).
Цель работы
To consider the prospects of quantum technologies and their implementation on railroad sections. These technologies significantly increase the speed of data transmission, where in addition to the protection of information transmission quantum states of light will be used for communication between remote quantum computers, quantum internet, quantum communication satellites.
Основная часть
In the middle of 2016, the Russian Quantum Center conducted research and in the process activated Russia's first city-scale quantum communication line. The length of the channel was more than 30 km.
The network connected two branches of Gazprombank in Moscow on the basis of an existing fiber optic line.
It transported a key for recognizing messages that were transmitted between the organization's departments.
A cryptographic quantum network is an innovative data transmission system that operates according to the laws of quantum mechanics. It has a high-speed ability to transmit data, but, most importantly, it provides high protection against unauthorized tampering.
The project of introducing quantum technologies at the railroad began in 2019 with the creation of a new quantum technology division, work in this direction has been underway for the past five years.
In 2020, Russian Railways developed and approved a roadmap for quantum communications.
The government provided a quota of more than RUB 300 million for the development of a quantum platform, which is being developed with the support of JSC "Russian Railways".
In 2021, JSC "Russian Railways" started to create a quantum communication system for 138 million rubles. In the same year, technologies for protecting communication channels were tested in Sheremetyevo and issues of joint development of quantum communications with Rostelecom were discussed.
In 2022, Russian Railways engaged in the creation of standards for quantum technologies, for which the company allocated RUB 3.5 billion for the development of quantum communications. The standards will make it possible to unify various theoretical approaches to the study of quantum systems and move to their implementation and practical application
In 2023, work in this direction continues, so it is planned to extend the main quantum network to Sochi, Yekaterinburg and Chelyabinsk JSC "Russian Railways" will build a trunk quantum network to Kazan and Rostov.
On the basis of the Lomonosov cluster in Moscow a platform for testing quantum communication is being created. The work is being carried out systematically, in accordance with new developments and discoveries of Russian scientists.
Russian scientists managed to carry out quantum key generation - the transmission of single-photon states - in one optical fiber with powerful radiation.
Most everyday encryption problems are solved using public key cryptography, a method in which secrecy is based on the complexity of mathematical problems. Cryptography with a private key turns out to be a much more advanced method: the secret sequence of characters used for this approach is known only to the sender and recipient.
The most vulnerable point in the private key scheme is the procedure for exchanging keys between users.
Recently, a method of quantum key distribution has been developing, allowing the creation of a private cryptographic key in two remote users connected by an optical communication channel. The secrecy of the received keys is guaranteed by the fundamental principles of quantum physics.
In classical data transmission, a single optical fiber may be used to simultaneously propagate a plurality of different signals different in wavelength from each other.
This technology is called spectral multiplexing.
Attenuated radiation is usually used to transmit a quantum signal - photons encoding qubits fly almost singly, so it is quite difficult to distinguish them from the many photons that carry classical signals. Experimentally, this technology is being mastered in Russia, Great Britain, China and Switzerland.
A team of physicists from QRate were the first among Russian companies to successfully conduct an experiment on the simultaneous transmission of classical and quantum signals over a single fiber using spectral multiplexing. They managed to efficiently generate a secret key in the fiber.
Fig. 1. Principle of operation of the experiment on simultaneous transmission of classical and quantum signals over a single fiber using spectral multiplexing
Alice/Bob - quantum transmitter and receiver, respectively. The signals from the classical transmitter fall into a single superdense multiplexing fiber and are then combined with the quantum signal by coarse multiplexing, as shown in Figure 1.
In the same way, the signals are demultiplexed and read.
In mid-2016, researchers at the Russian Quantum Center activated the country's first city-wide quantum communications line.
The network connected two branches of Gazprombank in Moscow on the basis of the existing fiber optic line. A key was transported through it to recognize messages that are transmitted between departments of the organization.
The cryptographic quantum network is the latest data transmission system operating according to the laws of quantum mechanics. It attracts high-speed data transfer, but, most importantly, it provides them with high protection against unauthorized hacking.
Выводы
Russian Railways is one of the largest owners of long-distance fiber-optic communication lines in Russia.
Quantum communications involve quantum distribution of encryption keys during data transmission via fiber-optic communications. According to the company, they provide the highest degree of data protection available.
Implementation of quantum key distribution technologies will significantly accelerate the transmission of information flows to end users, provide information security, confidentiality and speed of data transmission.
As soon as scientists manage to develop a mechanism for connecting a satellite repeater with a ground object, a new era of information technologies - the quantum era - will begin.
Список литературы:
1. Голубчиков Д.М. Квантовая криптография: принципы, протоколы, системы / Д.М. Голубчиков, К.Е. Румянцев // Всероссийский конкурсный отбор обзорно-аналитических статей по приоритетному направлению
«Информационно-
телекоммуникационные системы». -2008. - 37 с. [Электронный ресурс]. -Режим доступа:
http://www.ict.edu.ru/ft/005712/68358e2-stl4.pdf.
2. Кронберг Д.А. Квантовая криптография. Учебное пособие/ Д.А. Кронберг, Ю.И. Ожигов, А.Ю. Чернявский. - М.: МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, факультет ВМК, 2012. -112 с.
3. Квантовая криптография. Идеи и практика / под ред. С.Я. Килина, Д.Б. Хорошко, А.П. Низовцева. - Минск: Белорусская наука, 2007. - 391 с.
4. Козубов А.В. Основы квантовой коммуникации / А.В. Козубов, А.А. Гайдаш, С.М. Кынев, В.И. Егоров, А.Е. Иванова, А.В. Глейм, Г. П. Мирошниченко. - СПб.: Университет ИТМО, 2019. - Ч. 1. - 85 с.
5. Международная конференция по квантовым технологиям icqt 2023 [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа:
https://investim.guru/faq/mezhdunarodnay a-konferentsiya-po-kvantovym-tehnologiyam-icqt-2023-innovatsii-perspektivy-i-prognozy.
Аннотации:
Статья посвящена вопросу квантовой криптографии и перспективах ее внедрения и развития.
Ключевые слова: квантовые технологии квантовая генерация, ключи обмена, куанал связи, квантовая генерация ключей.
The article is devoted to the issue of quantum cryptography and the prospects for its implementation and development.
Keywords: quantum technologies quantum generation, exchange keys, communication cuanal, quantum generation of keys.
УДК 004.93'11+ 004.021
САЦЮК А.В., канд. техн. наук, доцент (Донецкий институт железнодорожного транспорта)
ВОЕВОДА Е.Г., ассистент (Донецкий институт железнодорожного транспорта)
Анализ трекеров алгоритмов компьютерного зрения в вопросах отслеживания подвижных объектов в видеопотоке
Satsyuk A.V., Candidate of Technical Science, Associate Professor (DRTI) Voevoda Y.G., Assistant (DRTI)
Analysis of computer vision algorithm trackers in object tracking in video streams
Введение
На сегодняшний день все более актуальными становятся вопросы идентификации и анализа объектов по видеоматериалу. А благодаря современным технологиям в области
микропроцессорной техники и микроэлектроники эти задачи могут решаться при помощи алгоритмов нейронных сетей, а также алгоритмов компьютерного зрения. Компьютерное зрение - это область искусственного интеллекта и компьютерной науки,
