CC BY
39Research article UDC 379.85
doi: 10.47576/2782-4586_2022_1_25
KAZAKHSTAN TOURIST MARKET - CURRENT STATE Aimen Anuarbek
M. H. Dulati Taraz Regional University, Taraz, Kazakhstan, Aimenov_ 111@mail. ru
Bekbaulina Sabira
M. H. Dulati Taraz Regional University, Taraz, Kazakhstan Karimakhunova Renata
M. H. Dulati Taraz Regional University, Taraz, Kazakhstan
Abstract. The most important parameters of tourism development in the country are indicators of inbound and outbound tourism. Before the pandemic, both at the republican and regional levels, a lot of work was carried out to attract foreign tourists to Kazakhstan, measures were taken in the field of image policy and popularization of tourist destinations of the country. Butmany Kazakhstanis prefer to rest abroad, rather than in the resort areas of their homeland.
Keywords: Tourism; pandemic; economy; budget; visitors; visit objectives.
For citation: Aimen A., Bekbaulina S., Karimakhunova R. Kazakhstan tourist market - current state. Journal of Monetary Economics and Management, 2022, no. 1, pp. 25-29. doi: 10.47576/2782-4586_2022_1_25.
ТУРИСТИЧЕСКИЙ РЫНОК КАЗАХСТАНА - ТЕКУЩЕЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ
Аймен Ануарбек
Таразский региональный университет им. М. Х. Дулати, Тараз, Казахстан, [email protected]
Бекбаулина Сабира
Таразский региональный университет им. М. Х. Дулати, Тараз, Казахстан
Каримахунова Рената
Таразский региональный университет им. М. Х. Дулати, Тараз, Казахстан
Аннотация. Важнейшими параметрами развития туризма в стране являются показатели въездного и выездного туризма. До пандемии как на республиканском, так и на региональном уровнях проводилась большая ра-
бота по привлечению иностранных туристов в Казахстан, принимались меры в области имиджевой политики и популяризации туристических направлений страны. Но многие казахстанцы предпочитают отдыхать за рубежом, а не в курортных зонах своей родины.
Ключевые слова: туризм; пандемия; экономика; бюджет; посетители; цели визита.
Radical changes in the global hotel and restaurant industry were the result of changes in the field of accommodation services due to the development of innovative technologies for the provision of hotel and restaurant services, an increase in the level of technical equipment of hotels and restaurants, the formation of large hotels and their chains - all this led to restructuring the hotel and restaurant service industry into a modern hospitality industry [1].
The formation of the tourism industry based on the development of large-scale tourism business and the rational use of recreational potential is directly related to the implementation of the Strategy "Kazakhstan - 2050". 2017 was a turning point for the development of tourism in Kazakhstan. On behalf of the Head of State, the Committee of Industry and Tourism was formed, which is integrated into the Ministry of Culture and Sports. On May 31, 2019, the State Program for the development of the tourism industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2019-2025 was approved." The industry faces a strategic task to increase the share of tourism in GDP to 8% by 2025. As well as an increase in employment to 660 thousand people by 2025. Growth is expected to be achieved due to three main drivers: investment in tourism, domestic and foreign tourists' expenses. In order to implement the strategic goal of the Program to achieve an 8% share of tourism in the GDP structure in 2025, the three above-mentioned drivers should have an average annual growth rate of 7-8%.
The tourism industry contributes to the development of the entire infrastructure of society - economy, culture, social sphere, as well as communications. About 10% of the world's total product, 30% of world exports of services, 7% of world investments, 10% of jobs and 5% of all tax revenues are in the tourism sector. The costs that are aimed at promoting a tourist product are one of the main costs in the formation of tourism. Thus, according to the WTO, the costs of promoting and establishing a national tourist product on average account
for about half of the budget of countries with developed tourist infrastructure. For example, Thailand spends about $ 90 million annually on tourism development, Turkey more than $ 100 million.
The most important parameters of tourism development in the country are indicators of inbound and outbound tourism. So in 20182019, the number of visitors for outbound tourism amounted to more than 10.7 million people, and for inbound tourism - only 8.5 million people. In 2020, the number of visitors to outbound tourism decreased by about 4 times compared to 2019, and the reason for this is strict quarantine restrictions up to a complete lockdown (Table 1). Thus, we can understand that the demand for outbound tourism is still greater than for inbound tourism. Before the pandemic, both at the republican and regional levels,
a lot of work was carried out to attract foreign tourists to Kazakhstan, measures were taken in the field of image policy and popularization of tourist destinations of the country.
Table 1 - Number of visitors by type of tourism, people
№ Indicators 2018 year 2019 year 2020 year
1 Number of visitors for outbound tourism 10646241 10 707270 2 865 004
2 Number of visitors by inbound tourism 8789314 8 514989 2 034 753
**Source: the table is compiled according to the Statistics Committee of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan
According to the results of the latest study by the Bureau of National Statistics (BNS) with reference to the Border Service of the National Security Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the majority of foreigners who came in the first half of this year (42%) are Russians. 19% of the guests came from Uzbekistan, 17% from Kyrgyzstan, 9% from Turkey, 3% from Georgia (Figure 1).
Among the most frequently mentioned reasons for the visit are personal goals (77% of responses). The remaining 23% of visitors indicated that they came to Kazakhstan on a business trip. More than half of the foreigners surveyed (58%) reported that they stayed with relatives or acquaintances and did not pay rent,
24% of respondents lived in a hotel, 15% rented an apartment or a house.
The main activities of tourists were visiting attractions (28% of respondents reported this), family celebrations, weddings, birthdays (18%), cultural and sports events (14%). A quarter of respondents shopped in stores [https://aktobe. city/novosti-kazakhstana/13-08-21].
Figure 1 - The number of visitors for inbound tourism by country, people.
The number of incoming tourists for travel purposes in 2020 amounted to only 2034753 people, which is 76% lower than in 2019. According to the analytical data obtained from state resources, Kazakhstan is popular among the CIS countries than among the Baltic states
or Europe, which is not surprising, given its geographical location. Turkey and Germany became a striking exception, which are ahead of many European and even CIS countries in terms of tourists arriving in Kazakhstan.
Figure 2 - The number of visitors for inbound tourism by country, people
The number of departing tourists for travel purposes in 2020 amounted to only 2865004 people, which is more than 73% lower than in 2019. Of these, 1062133 people for business and professional travel purposes, 1802871 people for personal purposes, of which 124,656 people for tourism, 1,676,274 people for private trips, 1,941 people for transit [2].
According to the data, people most often leave Kazakhstan for Russia, Kyrgyzstan is the second most popular tourist destination, followed by Uzbekistan [3].
Why many Kazakhstanis prefer to rest abroad, and not in the resort areas of their homeland. When making such a decision, outbound tourists from Kazakhstan take into account, first of all, the high level of service that they are provided in other countries. One of the reasons to have a rest abroad is also called the more attractive cost of foreign travel trips.
Table 2 - The number of target tourists by type of tourism for 2020, people
TRAVEL GOALS INBOUND TOURISM OUTBOUND TOURISM
Total 2 034 753 2 865 004
Including:
Business and professional 743 1 87 1 062 133
personal 1 291 566 1 802 871
Of these:
tourism 15 942 124 656
private 1 134 928 1 676 274
transit 140 696 1 941
*Source: [https://stat.gov.kz / - Official information resource of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan]
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions in the global economy. The tourism industry is one of those industries that was among the first to be hit by a new coronavirus infection. By the end of the first quarter of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic abruptly halted international travel and had a significant impact on the tourism industry. In an unfavorable epidemiological situation, the development of the tourism business was under serious threat. According to experts, only in the first months of the pandemic, demand for all outbound destinations decreased by 20-25%, and after the closure of borders by many states,
it fell to almost zero. Such a severe crisis in the tourism business wasn'tobserved since the Second World War. However, any crisis leads not only to negative consequences.
The impact of the pandemic, although it affected external tourism, had a positive impact on the growth of domestic tourism. Domestic tourism, which was predicted to rise during the pandemic, really became interesting to the average resident of the Republic of Kazakhstan. People from all over Kazakhstan went to Alakol, Bukhtarma, Katon-Karagai, joining active tourism as well.
The tourist industry in our country is considered as one of the main tools to extricate national economy from the crisis, and as a guarantor of stability of further economic growth. Thus, the authors argue the need for studying trends and main challenges in the development of the tourist industry in the world, for implementing the former and preventing the latter in our country [6].
The growth of tourism creates in all countries many new other places. Therefore, the impact of tourism on employment may become decisive for many countries, which, for various reasons, significantly depend on the data th sector of the economy. In such countries, in certain season, in the so-called high season, more than 50% working-age population is involved in activities, which is directly or indirectly related to tourism. Experts have calculated that on average, in order to get an income equal to a visit to the country by one tourist, it is necessary to export about 10 tons of coal. At the same time, it should be noted that the export of raw materials from the Republic depletes non-renewable reserves, while the tourism sector does not require large raw material costs. This fact confirms the priority of tourism development as an industry [7].
For many developed and developing countries, the tourism sector is the main source of employment, government revenue and foreign exchange earnings.Without this vital lifeline, many countries could face a sharp decline in GDP and an increase in unemployment. The tourist business is a business built over the years. Both financial and human resources were invested in it. Even in such a situation, business is fighting for the right to live and for the right to work, provide services and receive income.
References
1. Aimen A.T., Atasheva D.O. Tourism as a factor of economic recovery in the post-crisis period. Quarterly scientific and information journal "Economics and Statistics", No. 1, 2021, 74-80 p.
2. URL: https://stat.gov.kz. Official information resource of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
3. URL:https://kursiv.kz/opinions/2018-07/chto-ne-khvataet-kazakhstanu-dlya-razvitiya-turizma.
4. URL:https://inbusiness.kz/ru/news/v-kazahstane-podros-vnutrennij-turizm.
5. State program for the development of the tourism industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2025: Regulation of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated May 31, 2019 No. 360. Information system "paragraph". 2019.
6. Kozlova E.V., Solod T.V., Zavyalov A.A. International tourism in the conditions of the crisis of the world economy: trends and problems of development. Science and education: economy and economy; entrepreneurship; law and management. 2019. No. 4(107). Pp. 7-12.
7. Aimen A.T., Atasheva D.O., Aimenov M.Zh. - Analysis of employment in the tourism sector. Bulletin of the Kazakhstan National Academy of Natural Sciences. No. 3, 2019. Pp. 48-55.
Information about the authors
Aimen Anuarbek - Doctor of Economics, Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Technology, M. H. Dulati Taraz Regional University, Taraz, Kazakhstan, [email protected] Bekbaulina Sabira - senior teacher departments of "Tourism and Service", M. H. Dulati Taraz Regional University, Taraz, Kazakhstan
Karimakhunova Renata - 2nd course student, major in "Tourism and Service", M. H. Dulati Taraz Regional University, Taraz, Kazakhstan
Информация об авторах
АЙМЕН АНУАРБЕК - доктор экономических наук, профессор, декан технологического факультета, Таразский региональный университет им. М. Х. Дулати, Тараз, Казахстан, [email protected]
БЕКБАУЛИНА САБИРА - старший преподаватель кафедры «Туризм и сервис», Таразский региональный университет им. М. Х. Дулати, Тараз, Казахстан КАРИМАХУНОВА РЕНАТА - студентка 2 курса, специальность «Туризм и сервис», Таразский региональный университет им. М. Х. Дулати, Тараз, Казахстан
