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50KAZAKH PEOPLE WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (1941-1945.))
Saylan B.,
Professor, doctor of history science Department «History of Kazakhstan» Named After Al - Farabi Kazakh National University
Myrzagul A.
2 courses master Faculty of History, Archaeology and Ethnology
Abstract
This article is devoted to the Great Patriotic War. The article considers the participation of Kazakh heroes in the war, such as B. Momysh-Uly, T. Toktarov, R. Elebaev and other. How many people from Kazakhstan participated in the war, their exploirs feats of Kazakh soldiers. The article has the number of Kazakh soldiers killed in the warrior.
Keywords: Second World War, the Great Patriotic War, Nazi Germany, Soviet Union, Kazakhstan soldiers.
On June 22, 1941, Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union without declaring war. The Great Patriotic war of the Soviet people began to liberate the Motherland from foreign invaders. During the first five months of the war, the enemy conquered the territory where 5% of the population lives. Germany concentrated 70% of all their armed forces on the USSR 5,5 million people 190 divisions, 4300 tanks, 5 thousand aircrafts. Compared to the red Army in the Western border districts, the German military had twice as much human resources, three times more tanks, and 1.3 times more artillery [1,35].
They deployed 12 guard shooting division, 4 cavalry division, 7 rifle brigades and about 50 individual posts and battalions during the war years in Kazakhstan. From the first days of the war, battle formations formed on the territory of Kazakhstan, fought bravely against the enemy. Especially in the battle of Moscow, Kazakhstan had the greatest respect. The 316th rifle division were from Almaty(formed in Almaty), under the leadership of I. V. Panfilov the major general of guard showed invaluable heroism in defense of Volokolamsk highway, one of the main roads in the direction to Moscow. In particular, in the battle of Moscow 28 Panfilovs repulsed 50 enemy tanks and showed heroism.
On November 17, 1941 the division was awarded the 8th guard, later awarded the Order of the "Red Banner", the Order of" Lenin "and the Order of" Suvorov " second degree for the liberation of Riga from the enemy. Twenty-eight soldiers in this battle were awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. Hero-commander I. Panfilov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union [2,77 p.].Senior Lieutenant Panfilovs B. Momyshuly broke through the enemy fence with his battalion during the battle of Moscow three times. He finished the war as a colonel, commander of the 9th guards rifle division. The story of the famous Russian writer A. Beck "Volokolamsk highway" was dedicated to the heroism of B. Momyshuly in the war years. Nevertheless, the heroism of B. Momyshuly during the war was not recognized,but only in 1990 with the direct participation of the President N. A. Nazarbayev he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.[3]
T.Tokhtarov,R. Zhangozin and other Kazakhstan's people showed great heroism in the battle of Moscow.
In 1942 after the «Barbarossa» plan was not implemented, Germany adopted a new plan to take over the Soviet Union. According to this plan, the Nazis sent the main force to conquer Stalingrad and the Caucasus. They called this plan "Blau"and prepared it secretly. Fascists attached great importance to the conquest of these lands. They laid great hope on the Caucasian oil, as there were no auspicious oil supplies from the previously conquered countries.Another reason the Nazis capturing the ports of the Soviet Union in the black sea was the intenion to break the link with its allies - Britain, the United States. In addition, the Stalingrad defense industry has become a center, a rich source of raw materials. Besides, the Nazis attached great importance to the successful completion of military operations in this direction.
On July 1942 opponent sent 42 divisions, in August 69 and 81 in September to Stalingrad,. The following military units of Kazakhstan participated in the Stalingrad battle: The Aral 74th rifle brigade which were reconstructed as 292nd rifle division, the 387th rifle division, the 27th rifle 72nd guards division, the 75th rifle 3rd guards rifle brigade, the 3rd rifle brigade destroyed 5,000 fascists and 3,000 fascist officers and soldiers were captured. At the same time, 81st cavalry division, the 152nd rifle brigade, the 129th mortar regiment and the 196th separate communication battalion participated in the battle.
On December 19, 1942 in the area of Bokovskaya-Ponomarevka in air fighting pilot N. Abdirov from Karaganda directed his burning jet to place aggregations enemy tanks and together with crew died the death of brave. N.Abdirov, mortar K.Supatayev, R.Ramazanov were awarded the title Hero of the Great Patriotic War for courage in the defense of Stalingrad. There is a street called "Kazakhstan" in Stalingrad in the honor of the Kazakh people who showed courage in protecting the city from the enemy. The Stalingrad battle, which lasted for the several months, ended in early 1943 with the defeat of the enemy. During the battle, the Soviet
Army made a decisive contribution to the cardinal changing in the World War II. In 1943, the Nazis planned a new operation to capture the Soviet Union. This operation was called "Citadel" and was prepared in different ways. The Nazis planned to raise 900 000 soldiers to the operation "Citadel". Nazi divisions, divided into battles: "Reich", "Great Germany", "Fixing", "Adolf Hitler" and others, were involved 70% of tanks, 65% of aircraft. The battle of Kursk ended with the victory of the Soviet troops at the end of July, which began on July 5,. There were many Kazakh troops in Kursk and Dnieper. 123 Kazakhs were awarded the hero of the Great Patriotic war only for the heroic battle of Kursk.
After the Germany defeat in 1944, the Soviet Union took military action under its control. This year the Soviet government committed an act « Berlin». The purpose of this operation was to expel the German fascists from the territory of the Soviet Union and liberate Europe from the enemy.
Kazakhs showed great heroism in the liberation of Eastern Europe from the enemy. 20 Kazakh soldiers were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for heroic deeds in the liberation of East Prussia. They are V. A. Andreev, L I.. Beda, P. T., Brilin, T.K/ Abilov, V. G., Kozenkov, I. I. Kornev, I. V. Kuturga and others.
Kazakh pilots, who came to the liberation of Czechoslovakia, fought with the enemy in division 2, 8, 5-th Air force. For the courage showed in the battles. After the war, S.A.Batenkov and P.F.Zheleznikov received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Pilots: S. D. Lugansk and T.Begildinov, I. Pavlov L.I.Beda were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union twice. Late in 56 years it was found that there was a captain Maslov and B. Beysekbaev as part of the crew, on June 26, 1941, the fifth day of the war was not a feat of the legendary heroic crew of Lieutenant Gastello, So, in 1998 B. Beysekbaev was awarded the title of Hero of Russia.
Kazakhstan's 118th, 313th guard shooting division and 209 th rifle regiment took part in the Berlin operation. Platoon's lieutenant of 118th guard shooting division K. Madenov, conquered Berlin town hall and in street battles, I. B. Madin, hoisting flag over the Reichstag Koshkarbaev R. showed courage. A.Nakipov came from Oder to Petersfeld by tank. After the war, Nakipov's tank was set as a monument in town square. 27 Kazakh soldiers distinguished themselves in the Berlin operation and were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Kazakh girls also raised the cravings of war on equal terms with men. From the first days of the war there were a lot of Kazakh girls who asked to go to war and wrote letters to the military Commissariat. For example, the number of women who applied to Karaganda military Commissariat exceeded 10 thousand people. There were3.000 appleals on the first days of the war in Semey Only in Frunzensk district of Almaty received 112 appeals. Many of the women and girls who went to the frontline, served in clinics and hospitals. They were in various military formations and showed courage. Aliya and Manshuk showed the world the glory of Kazakhstan. Kazakh girl - H. Dospanova, who mastered the aviation industry, rose into the air
more than 300 times in women's aviation under the leadership of the Hero Of the Soviet Union M. Raskova. In 2004 by the decree of the President H. D. Dospanova was awarded the title of National Hero. About 300 women from 34 women's independent companies which were established in 1942 in Kazakhstan, took part in the battle of Kursk and were awarded several awards
Now let's focus on the composition of the Kazakhs who fought with the enemy in the ranks of the partisan movement. 1500 Kazakh people fought against the enemy in partisan groups in Ukraine. There were 79 Kazakhs in M. I. Shukayev partisan group. There were 70 Kazakhs in S.A Kovpak partisan group. As a part of partisan group in the territory of the Leningrad region fought about 220 Kazakhs, and in the territory of Belarus about 1,5 thousand Kazakhs. Kazakh partisans showed great heroism in the battle with the enemy. In 1942 K. Kaysenov was elected the commander of Cha-payev, partisans groups and showed courage from the Karaganda region in the territory of Ukraine. Together with K. Kaysenov there were D. I. Sagayev, P.S. Shlyonsky from Taldykorgan, Baidauletov, from Ky-zylorda region ,Zh. Omarov from Shymkent, A. S. Ego-rov, - Almaty- etc. Kazakhs fought in the ranks of various partisan groups. G. Kaysenov was awarded the title "Halyk Kaharmany" for courage in defense of the Motherland
The resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR from April 16, 1934 approved the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union". During the existence of the Soviet Empire this title was given to 12776 people. Among them about-12617 received it once, twice -154, three times - 3 people, 4 times-2 people.
There are various information about the Heroes of the Soviet Union of Kazakhstan in the history. 11,500 soldiers of the USSR were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for courage in the Great Patriotic War. They are 60 Russians, 2069 Ukrainians, 309 Belarus-ians, 161 Tartars, 108 Jews. The number of heros of the Soviet Union at the end of the war there were 369 people from Kazakhstan, in 1968 to 447, in the 80s-497. We believe that this indicator cannot be accepted. There were many solders whose feat was not taken into account during the war for various reasons.
Among them was B.Beisebayev from Bakanas. For many years it was written that June 26, 1941, the fifth day of the war was a feat of the legendary heroic crew of Lieutenant Gastello, Late in 56 years it was found that there was a captain Maslov and B. Bey-sekbaev was in the crew., June 26, 1941, the fifth day of the war was not a feat of the legendary heroic crew of Lieutenant Gastello, So, in 1998 B. Beysekbaev was awarded the title of Hero of Russia.
In this regard, now it is necessary to make changes in the history textbook, one of the first heroes of the Great Patriotic War and the first among the Kazakh soldiers who received this highest award should be written B.Beysekbaev. After independence, the names of the heroes were given to city, returns and it's historical truth.They are Nurpeisov Bilis,Sabyr Rakhimovand Rasul Esetov. Nurpeisov Bilis-Hero of the Soviet Union, pilot and senior lieutenant of the
guard. He was born in 1919 in Syrdariya. Nurpeisov's parents were registered on the birth certificate by the birth place,called karakalpak, by destiny his parents moved to Karakalpakstan which now belongs to Uzbekistan. The son of Alash, was awareded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for courage in the war [4].
Sabyr Rakhimov was born in 1902 in the village of Kokabel of Kazygurt district of South Kazakhstan region. In Soviet Union he was known as representative of the Uzbek nationality.After declaration of sovereignty of Kazakhstan: Rakhimov was recognized as a Kazakh. During the anniversary of twenty-year victory of the war with the Nazi invaders on May 6,1965 S. Rakhimov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union [5].
Rasul Yesetov commander of the reconnaissance platoon of the rifle regiment № 650 in connection with a mistake in the passport until the end of the 90-ies was considered an Uzbek and was not included in the Kazakh heroes, April 24, 1945 received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, [6].
Kazakhstan showed great heroism and contributed to the rapprochement of Victory Day in the battles with the enemy, as part of the Soviet Union. 520 Kazakhstans,including more than 100 Kazakhs, were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the feats of arms, indicating that the Kazakh people came to the defense of a common Motherland.
As for the losses, for more than twenty years because of Stalin was the first secretary and then Brezhnev, and the number of human losses varied in the Great Patriotic War. In the years when the worship of Stalin's personality had not yet faded, for fifteen years (1945-1960) it was found that in the USSR 7 million people died in the war. For the first time this figure was announced by the Soviet leadership in February 1946. The death toll in the war of the Soviet Union was counted to twenty million in the following years of stagnation and during the "Khrushchev decade". The next leader L.I.Brezhnev increased this number and showed more than 20 million people. Thus, this figure was written in all textbooks, encyclopedias and historical Chronicles. Later on May 8, 1990, President of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev in his report dedicated to the 45th anniversary of the Victory announced that 27 million Soviet people died in World War II [7]. This was
the latest information close to the truth of historians, with the exception of confidentiality false information and political allowances in all archives and military documents [8].
There are different opinions about the number of Kazakhs who died in the Great Patriotic war.In later years, the number of Kazakhs who did not return from the war reached 601 000, more than 350 thousand of them are Kazakhs. This is a list of those who died on the battlefields. If we talk about the total population and the number of deaths in the war, the loss of Kazakhs is much higher than neighboring Uzbek, Tatar, Azerbaijani, Georgian people. For these percentage costs, the loss Kazakh people are equal to the Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, where there were military actions.
In conclusion, it should be noted that the number of the citizens of Kazakhstan was 6.2 million people , and during the war more than 1.7 thousand people went to the frontline.
REFERENCES:
1. General provisions P. R. Amanzholov Second world war. - Almaty: Rauan, 1995-101p
2. B. S Saylan Bauyrzhan Momyshuly and Great Patriotic War. «National hero Bauyrzhan Momyshuly and New Kazakhstan» Materials of the international scientific-practical conference .2010, 2010, 4-5 No-vember.Almaty: al-Farabi KazNU, 2010- 77-80p.p.
"Science, Education and innovation-factors of implementation of the Strategy" Kazakhstan-2050". -
3. O. Donabak Batyr,Hero// The city and the Steppe. - 2006.10 Feb.
4. E. Bekturganov / / source: http://ege-men.kz/2014/11/29/43953 ahhh!....
5. B. S. Saylan Bauyrzhan Momyshuly and the Great Patriotic War / / Bulletin of KazNU. Al-Farabi . Series history. - 2014№2 (73). - 255-259.
6. K. Atjan the Return of the hero of the Kazakh // Zhas Alash. - 2011-June 30.
7. D. Nurkamytuly 1418 days and nights, who saved humanity / / legal newspaper. 2009 may 8. - 5 p.
8. Kazakhstan, National Encyclopedia. - Almaty, 2007. Moscow : Higher school, 58 p 1974.
T.RYSKULOV - INDEPENDENCE TURKESTAN
Kozybakova F.
Al-Faraby Kazakh national university Faculty of history, archeology and ethnology Professor, doctor of historical science
Tilepi B.
Al-Faraby Kazakh national university Faculty of history, archeology and ethnology 2 course master student
Abstract
This article examines the work and diplomacy achievements of T. Ryskulov, a prominent politician and economist of the USSR during the tragic era of the twentieth century, as well as millions of people living in Turkestan's famine, studying the works of Turar Ryskulov and his researchers, diplomatic and economic properties.
