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625 Modern European Researches No 5 / 2017
JUBILEE LITERARY DATES AND UNESCO
Abstract
This article describes the celebration of the literary date anniversaries under the aegis of UNESCO on example of Kazakh literature classics: Abay Kunanbayev, Mukhtar Auezov, Sabit Mukanov, Gabit Musrepov, Makhambet Utemisov. As a result of the festive events held in Kazakhstan and around the world, modern foreign writers had the opportunity to get acquainted with the work of the best representatives of Kazakh literature, as well as to establish personal contacts with modern Kazakh writers and scientists, literary critics. Cooperation with UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) brisks up international promotion of Kazakh literature.
Keywords
literary anniversaries, UNESCO, international relations, translation
AUTHOR
Ainur Mashakova
PhD in Philology, leadin g researcher M.O. Auezov Institute of Literature and Art.
29, Kurmangazy Str., Almaty, A10C5D8, Kazakhstan E-mail.ru: [email protected]
Introduction
In the modern period of literary process development, there are new factors contributing to the further evolution of artistic culture. Sometimes among these factors, extra-literary phenomena arising in the social and political field gain certain significance. With independence, the scale of Kazakhstan integration into the world community increased. One important aspect of this process is cooperation of Kazakhstan with international organizations. One of such organizations is UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) -one of the largest and most representative associations operating under the aegis of the UN. The official date of the organization establishment is 4 November 1946, when the Charter of UNESCO, approved by the representatives of 44 countries at the constitutive conference in London, came into force. The main objective pursued by this organization is the promotion of peace and security, contributing to cooperation among nations through education, science and culture, in order to ensure universal respect for justice, law, human rights and fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the UN Charter for all peoples, without distinction as to race, sex or religion. The main forms of UNESCO's activities are the organization of joint research, fund-raising, establishment of international institutions, mobilization of world public opinion through conferences, seminars and round tables on actual problems.
Mankind memorable dates Calendar development was one of the important factors of mutual acquaintance and discovery of new names in the world culture. It is intended to draw world attention to different figures of various national cultures. Kazakhstan joined this UNESCO initiative. In 1990-2000 at the global level were held the activities devoted to the anniversaries of Kazakh literature classics: the 150th anniversary of Abai Kunanbayev (1995), the 100th anniversary of Mukhtar Auezov (1997),
26 Modern European Researches No 5 / 2017 the 100th anniversary of Sabit Mukanov (2000), the100th anniversary of Gabit Musrepov (2002), the 200th anniversary of Makhambet Utemisov (2003). All these anniversary dates were included in the Calendar of UNESCO memorable dates.
It should be noted that the celebration of anniversaries is a new form of literary connections. As a result of the festive events held in Kazakhstan and around the world, modern foreign writers had the opportunity to get acquainted with the work of the best representatives of Kazakh literature, as well as to establish personal contacts with the modern Kazakh writers and scientists, literary critics.
Literary anniversaries are contact-genetic literary relationships in the framework of comparative literature study. Moreover, the contact-genetic relations mostly are based on typological relations. Both of these literary relations are characteristic to literary anniversaries. Contact literary relations are divided into internal and external contacts. External contacts include such traditional forms of literary relations as meetings, discussions, conference reports; jubilee events at the international level can be referred to as external contacts. A manifestation of typological similarities is observed in the speeches of foreign participants at the anniversary meetings and conferences.
Methodological Framework
Theoretical foundation of the literary relations study is comparative study of literature or comparativistics, which priority is "comprehensive and many-sided study of the national literature dynamics joining the world art process" (Madanova, 2003). A wide range of comparative studies problems includes contactology (influences and borrowings), a term is proposed by Z. Konstantinovich (Konstantinovich, 1988), literary relations, literary translation. The underlying thesis in the study of the literary relations is this: "Foreign critic is the first representative of offspring for a writer " (Chernets, 2003). A comparative study of literary process incorporates the following methodological approaches: historical-genetic, historical-functional, systemic and psychological. The used research methods are: objective and analytical, textual, historical-typological, comparative. Interdisciplinary comparative researches, based on the "idea of a universal value of translation in the communication between Nations and people, about translation as the only possible form of communication between civilizations, ethnic groups, ideologies, etc." (Bagno,2004), are very promising in contemporary literary process.
Results and Discussion
The activ'ties on celebration of the 150th anniversary of Abai Kunanbaev under the aegis of UNESCO opened a new modern period of intercultural cooperation for Kazakhstan. The celebration was attended by delegations from 25 countries and international organizations, headed by leaders of states, prime ministers, prominent statesmen and public figures. Large-scale events dedicated to the anniversary of the prominent Kazakh poet and enlightener were organized in Germany, France, the UK, the USA, Hungary, Turkey, China, Egypt, India, Pakistan, Mongolia etc. In Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and other CIS countries, they also celebrate the 150th anniversary of Abai. In the embassies of Kazakhstan, Abai Days were accompanied by publications in the media, documentaries, exhibitions of books about the life and work of Abai.
Celebration of the 150th anniversary of Abai Kunanbayev was the first commemorative event for the literature and culture of Kazakhstan, which took place worldwide under the aegis of UNESCO. However, it should be noted that for UNESCO it was also the first anniversary date of Turkic literature and culture representative, which was decided to be celebrated on international level.
27 Modern European Researches No 5 / 2017 Celebration of Abai Days in Paris, where the headquarters of UNESCO are situated, was accompanied by an exhibition of decorative-applied arts of Kazakhstan, concerts of Kazakh ethnographic ensemble "Sazgen". In the framework of the jubilee events, the international conference devoted to creative work of Abai Kunanbayev took place. It was attended by Leon Robel, professor at the French National Institute of Oriental Languages and Civilizations, Chantal Lemercier-Calcia, professor of Social Sciences Higher School of France, Albert Fischler, honorary professor of Paris University, Alen Richard, Ambassador of France to Kazakhstan.
In London the celebration was attended by writers and poets, translators, musicians and singers from 146 countries. There was a presentation of the documentary "The World of Abai". During Abai Days in London, the famous Kazakh writer Rolland Seisembaev opened " Abai House " and held a series of activities to present creative heritage of the great Kazakh poet for English public. Under the aegis of Abai House in London, the translation of "Words of Edification" into English by poet and translator Richard McCain and into French by poet and translator Antoine Garcia was organized.
In Washington in honor of the 150th anniversary of Abai they arranged a ceremonial party, which was attended by representatives of governmental organizations, public funds, diplomatic missions, creative intelligentsia and business circles of the USA. During this party the excerpts from the poetic heritage of Abay were recited in English, well-known songs on his poetry were performed. The festive events devoted to Abai were also held in Boston, Seattle and Tucson.
The anniversary of Kazakh poet and thinker was widely celebrated in Turkey. The main celebrations were held in Istanbul. Concert halls of this city on the Bosporus attracted plenty of Abai's admirers - writers, poets, scientists and actors, Turkish Kazakhs and visitors from Kazakhstan. They recited Abai's poetry, excerpts from his poems "Iskander", "Mashud", "Legend of Azime" and 'Words of Edification". The lectures on the life and work of Abai were delivered. Celebrations dedicated to the great son of Kazakh people were also held in Ankara, Izmir and other Turkish cities. Moreover, one of Ankara's schools was named after Abai, Istanbul, Izmir, Salihli gave the name of Abai to their streets.
In China, Abai Days were held in Beijing. At Xinjiang University, a course of lectures on the life and work of Abai was delivered, the conference "Abai in Kazakh literature" was held at Xinjiang Academy of Social Sciences.
In the jubilee year of Abai, books of his selected works were published in many languages. In Iran, the book "Works and thoughts of Abai" was published, and in Pakistan - "Selected poems of Abai". "Words of Edification" appeared in Chinese, Korean and Mongolian. In Mongolia in Ulaanbaatar the book "Abai Kunanbayev. Selected works" was published. Two books were published in French. The first collected "Words of Edification", poems "Iskander" and "Mashud", and the second - selected poems of Abai Kunanbayev. Albert Fischler and Christian Visante took part in translation work and editing of these books, they also prepared the prefaces to them. We cannot but agree with Christian Visante's words, that "the messages of Abai were far ahead of his time. ... His relationship with his people was that of the teacher with the pupil, and only after some time, the grown-up pupil begins to realize how much righteousness he received from his teacher". (Visante, 1995)
Many important events associated with the celebration of Abai Kunanbayev's anniversary took place in his homeland. Representatives of various countries arrived in Kazakh land in order to pay a tribute to the great poet. The ceremony was attended by the delegation of UNESCO. The representatives of many foreign countries delivered their speeches at international conference in Almaty, the Director-General of UNESCO, Federico Mayor, among them. He said that in Paris, in addition to events devoted to the life and activity of Abai, they published an album about Abai in Kazakh, English
28 Modern European Researches No 5 / 2017 and French thanks to the collaboration of the permanent mission of Kazakhstan to UNESCO and UNESCO publishing house.
Albert Fischler, Jocelyne Perar and Marion Perrault spoke at the international conference in Almaty. In their speeches, French scientists presented the impressions about the life and creativity of Abai, gave a number of new and interesting comparisons and characteristics. Albert Fischler noted the progressiveness and foresight of Abai's ideas, he was struck by the depth and diversity of Abai's thoughts, who "in the twilight of his life made up his mind with questions about relations, feelings and faith of his countrymen" (Fischler, 1995). He finished his speech with a call to read Abai's works in French.
The report by Jocelyne Perar and Marion Perrault was called "Abai - existential thinker." In 1995, Jocelyne Perar was a rector, and Marion Perrault - a vice-rector of Université de Bourgogne. They devoted their speech to the philosophical essay of Abai "Words of Edification", comparing this work of the Kazakh poet with the work of the French philosopher S0ren Kierkegaard "Stages of Life". French researchers find much in common in contemplations about life of Abai and Kierkegaard. For example, their respect for a faith, for an open faith, devoid of fanaticism. Accepting the philosophical doctrine of Abai, Jocelyne Perar and Marion Perrault summed up their speech with the words: "we call ourselves Abai's pupils... We can say that Abai has many followers". (Perar, 1995; Perrault, 1995)
In addition, this conference was attended by guests from Hungary and Germany: Hungarian statesman Andras Kelemen and well-known Hungarian specialist in Turkic philology Jozsef Torma, German specialists in Turkic Marcel Erdal and Mark Kirchner.
Semipalatinsk also met many guests from near and far abroad. The highlight was the opening of the state historical-cultural and territorial-memorial complex of Abai in Semipalatinsk, the guests of honor were the President of Kazakhstan N..Nazarbayev, Director-General of UNESCO, Federico Mayor, official representatives of many countries.
The next anniversary, which, thanks to UNESCO, was decided to celebrate all over the world, was the centennial of Kazakh writer, playwright, scientist and public figure Mukhtar Auezov.
The first of the foreign countries, that organized celebrations in March 1997, was Hungary. Having with the Turkic civilization both vital and friendly connections, this country showed great interest in the work of the outstanding Kazakh writer.
In June 1997, France played host to the Days of Kazakhstan, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the great Kazakh writer Mukhtar Auezov. Those Days were marked by such events as a reading at International Diplomatic Academy, meeting at Paris National Conservatory, meeting at the Writers ' House, a gala party at prestigious Salle Pleyel. The main event was the international conference "Mukhtar Auezov: Great singer of national grandeur" in Paris. The conference was opened by Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan I. N. Tasmagambetov and UNESCO Director-General Federico Mayor. The event was conducted by Kirghiz writer Chingiz Aitmatov.
From the Kazakh side the conference was attended by Kazakh writers and poets Abdizhamil Nurpeisov, Olzhas Suleimenov, Nurlan Orazalin, Saken Zhunusov, Serik Kirabaev.
The Director-General of UNESCO, Federico Mayor, delivered a welcoming speech in which he noted the relevance of the works by Mukhtar Auezov, as having shown the life of the Kazakh society in the distant past, he was able to interest descendants and make them to preserve the distinctive features of their culture. In addition, he noted that "UNESCO is very attentive to every cultural event, held in Kazakhstan" (Mayor, 1997).
Profound were the speeches made by French scientists Leon Robel, Chantal Lemercier-Calcia, Jacques Monnier, Rémy Dora, Albert Fishler. French linguist,
29 Modern European Researches No 5 / 2017 ethnologist and professor at the Institute of Central Asia, Remy Dora, began his speech in Kazakh language. The poet Leon Robel devoted his speech to the work of Antoine Vitez on translation of the novel "Abai's Way" into French. Albert Fischler, along with his wife, tried to make interesting tours of Paris and its surroundings for Kazakhstan guests. In the UNESCO building, the film "Beauty in mourning" and the documentary "In the memory of Mukhtar Auezov" were shown.
Vienna also celebrated the 100th anniversary of Mukhtar Auezov. In Austria, the Days of Kazakhstan coincided with the celebrations dedicated to the 200th anniversary of Austrian composer Franz Schubert. Kazakhstan cultural workers took part in concerts in honor of these two great men.
In Turkey in Ankara for the anniversary of the Kazakh writer, five-volume edition of Mukhtar Auezov in Turkish language was published. It included the novel-epopee "Abai's Way", short stories, novels, scholarly articles and publicism. Newspapers and magazines published articles about the work of Mukhtar Auezov. In particular, cultural and educational magazine "Bilig" published an article by Ali Abbas Chinar "The origins of Mukhtar Auezov's creativity".
In Iran they published novel "Abai's Way" in two volumes. Preface for this book was prepared by Iranian scholar Ali Asghar Shierdust.
Among the numerous festive events held in Kazakhstan, it is worth noting the anniversary session of RK Academy of Sciences General Assembly "Mukhtar Auezov -great writer and humanist of the twentieth century", which was attended by foreign scientists: professor at the French National Institute of Oriental languages and civilizations Catherine Pujol; Turkish literature specialists Sadiq Tural and Ali Abbas Chinar; a representative of Pakistan Academy of Literature Fakhar Zaman; Chinese writer Su Zhou Xun, Hungarian scientist-turkologist Jozef Torma and Dutch scientist, translator Robert Ermers.
The inclusion of the 100th anniversary celebration of the famous Kazakh writer and poet Sabit Mukanov in the calendar of memorable dates and anniversaries of UNESCO was another confirmation of the fact that, thanks to this world-renowned organization, Kazakhstan continues to develop international literary relations. Sabit Mukanov was and remains the outstanding personality in the history of Kazakh literature. The writer's works were translated into many languages. The first foreign translation was the poem "Sulushash " in French. In 2000, in the year of the jubilee events under the aegis of UNESCO began with the opening of the monument to Sabit Mukanov in Almaty, photo exhibition and opening of the renovated Museum of S. Mukanov. A concert of Kazakhstan masters of arts was held. The celebration was attended by guests from Russia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkey. Then, the series of festive events continued in the North-Kazakhstan region. At the birthplace of the writer were held thematic evenings, book exhibitions, literary readings, aitys of akyns, a scientific conference. The concert of the state orchestra of Kazakh folk instruments named after Kurmangazy and theatrical performances based on the works of Sabit Mukanov were organized.
In 2002 UNESCO celebrated the 100th anniversary of Gabit Musrepov, one of the founders of national drama, translator, theorist of literature. His works have been translated into many languages. Kazakhstan educational institutions and libraries hold scientific conferences. International scientific-practical conference dedicated to the work of the writer took place in Almaty. It was attended by scholars from Russia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and other countries. The jubilee celebrations were also held in his homeland in the North Kazakhstan region where they organized a contest of poets-improvisers. A monument to Gabit Musrepov was opened in Petropavlovsk. Kazakh academic theatre of opera and ballet named after Abai was invited there. It presented opera "Kyz Zhibek", staged on a libretto by Gabit Musrepov. Honoring of Gabit Musrepov
30 Modern European Researches No 5 / 2017 ended in Almaty by the opening of the monument in front of Kazakh drama theatre for children and youth named after him and a solemn meeting in the Palace of the Republic.
The next year was also significant for the cultural and literary life of Kazakhstan. UNESCO declared 2003 - the year of Kazakh poet and thinker Makhambet Utemisov.
The bicentenary of national hero and classic of Kazakh poetry was celebrated in France. Paris hosted an international conference dedicated to the work of Makhambet. The conference was attended by UNESCO Director General K. Matsuura, ambassador, permanent representative of Kazakhstan in UNESCO O. Suleimenov, Kazakhstan ambassador to France D. Kuanyshev, the state secretary of Kazakhstan Imangali Tasmagambetov, Kazakh Minister of culture D. Kaseinov. Kazakhstan delegation was represented by leading Kazakh scientists-academicians Z. Kabdolov and S. Kaskabasov. Z. Kabdolov made a report "Makhambet Utemisov - master of the Kazakh literature", S. Kaskabasov presented a report "The great spirit of independence: the fate and the message of a poet." In their informative reports, scientists analyzed the work of Makhambet and revealed the meaning of his poetry both for the history of Kazakh literature and modern social consciousness. O. Suleimenov made a presentation "Makhambet - a landmark figure in history and in Kazakh poetry". From the French side the speeches were made by professor Albert Fischler, the first ambassador of France to Kazakhstan Fessor Bertrand de Foucauld, director of oriental languages department Professor INALCO Michelle Bozdemir, director of publishing house "Caractères" Nicole Gdalia, poet, translator Jacques Jouet.
The main event of the conference was the presentation of a poetry collection by Makhambet in French language. A collection of Makhambet's poetry was published in publishing house "Caractères" with the support of information exchange Centre for literary translation at UNESCO. As it is noted in the book: "The collection is included in the list of historical and important works of UNESCO series... UNESCO believes in the importance of literary translation as a means of mutual knowing and dialogue between cultures and peoples". (Utemissov, 2003)
This book, published in French under the title "Red steppe wormwood" contains 79 of his poems, among which are the famous poems "Not changing the war horse under the saddle", "My name is Makhambet", "Son of Isatai Taiman", "The Word to Sultan Baimagambet," "Heroes we were, heroes", "Snow-storm whirls" and others. The preface was prepared by the famous French poet, translator, scientist-philologist Leon Robel. He has long been sincerely interested in Kazakh literature and his deep knowledge and sympathy are reflected in the preface. He does not only introduce to his countrymen the biography and work of Makhambet Utemisov, but also gives a brief insight into the history of Kazakh poetry before Makhambet, notes the types of oral poetic tradition and defines the features of Makhambet's poetry.
Describing the poetic world of Makhambet in general, the author of preface emphasizes the presence of lyrical basis, and the warlike spirit, and environmental motifs of nature with the description of the animal world, and philosophical reflections concerning history, life, death, and human destiny. According to Leon Robel, the life of Makhambet is inseparable from his work. All the events in his life were described in his poems, transrerred orally from generation to generation. In the annotation Leon Robel introduced the poet with the following words: "The poetry of Makhambet begins with the breath of the steppe, sounds in the roar of battles, is rich with amazing metaphors, exciting thoughts". (Utemissov, 2003)
In addition, in the preface to the book "Red steppe wormwood" Leon Robel highlights the talent and experience of Jacques Jouet as a translator, noting that "he tried to preserve the original Makhambet's images; to maintain a sense of rhyme enough not to fall into artificiality. Kazakh is an agglutinative language.
31 Modern European Researches No 5 / 2017 It needs far fewer words than French to express anything. The translator has to compress his text as much as possible". (Utemissov, 2003)
Presentation of Kazakh poet poems collection in Paris at an international conference in the year of the 200th anniversary of Makhambet Utemisov has a great importance for the promotion of the Kazakh literature abroad.
The French audience got acquainted with the musical talent of the poet-warrior. Kazakh musicians performed instrumental pieces (kuis) by Makhambet. There were shown excerpts from the film about Makhambet, shot on the script of Olzhas Suleimenov.
Ceremonial events dedicated to the 200th anniversary of Mahambet Utemisov were vividly celebrated in Russian cities Moscow, Astrakhan, Orenburg, and Uzbek city of Khiva.
Two more events in the headquarters of UNESCO in Paris are worth mentioning. In 1999 it hosted colloquium "The role of an intellectual in modern society, the world and a new era in Central Asia", in which frameworks the book by Mukhtar Shakhanov "Delusion of civilization" was presented. The presentation was attended by the creative delegations of Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkey, France and by some ambassadors, permanent representatives to UNESCO. In 2006, in Paris headquarters of UNESCO, Republic of Kazakhstan State program "Cultural heritage" presentation was held. This program was adopted in 2004 at the initiative of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N..Nazarbayev. Implementation of the program "Cultural heritage" took place in all areas related to the culture of Kazakh people. In the field of literature, folklore and art history they published 100-volume set of the best samples of Kazakh folklore "Ancestry Heritage", "History of Kazakh Literature" in 10 volumes, "Anthology of Kazakh Music" in five volumes. Presentation of the State program "Cultural heritage" aroused great interest in Paris with the French public, familiar with our country, and diplomatic missions of different countries, working in Paris. UNESCO Director-General Koichiro Matsuura commended our state efforts for the preservation of cultural, natural, tangible and intangible heritage.
Kazakhstan joining UNESCO, appeared among nearly 200 countries that became its members at the turn of XX-XXI centuries. During such a relatively short period of membership in the UN various countries of the world got the opportunity to get acquainted with the works of famous Kazakh poets and writers, and through their works - with the history, culture and modern development of Kazakh people. In addition to the above mentioned, celebrations devoted to the 100th anniversary of the scientist Kanysh Satpaev, the 1500th anniversary of Turkestan city and the 2000th anniversary of Taraz city were held during this time at the highest international level. Historical memorial complex of Khoja Ahmed Yassavi was included in the list of UNESCO world heritage. 500th anniversary of the epos "Kyz Zhibek" was included in the Calendar of UNESCO memorable dates.
Conclusions
In the modern world, UNESCO has a great influence on the formation of world public opinion. The anniversaries celebrations of outstanding Kazakh writers and poets at the global level under the aegis of this international organization in 1990-2000-ies contributed to the strengthening of artistic and cultural, spiritual and intellectual image of Kazakhstan in the context of the world community. Cooperation with UNESCO is intensifying the international promotion of Kazakh literature.
Recommendations
32 Modern European Researches No 5 / 2017 The materials of this article may be interesting for scientists, teachers, doctoral candidates, graduate students, undergraduates, students of philological faculties of higher educational institutions.
REFERENCES
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Konstantinovic, Z. (1988). Vergleichende literaturwissenschaft. Bern. 110 p.
Madanova, M. (2003). Introduction to comparative literature. Study guide. Almaty. 252 p.
Mayor, F. (1997). Genius of modern times. In: Mukhtar Auezov: the great singer of national greatness. Proceedings of the international conference. Almaty.
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Utemisov, M. (2003). I'm armoise Rouge de La steppe. Paris: Caractères. 124 p.
Vissanti, S. (1995). Introduction. In: Abay Kounanbaiouly. La poesie est la reine des mots. Almaty: Eurasia.
INTEGRATION OF LOGISTICS COMPETENCES
Abstract
The article considers the key logistics competences and analyzes the methods of their integration from system interaction to synergetic organization of participants. The roles of strategic centers are considered. The economic component of the synergetic effect is shown in the transition from the competition of economic entities to system integration. The mechanism of interaction between producers, intermediaries and consumers in competitive and integrated environment is shown, sharp improvement in economic performance of their activities is justified.
Keywords
logistics competences, system integration, synergetic interaction, logistics centers
AUTHOR
Alexander L. Nosov
Doctor of Economic Sciences, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Professor, Marketing and Strategic Planning Chair,
Vyatka State Agricultural Academy. 133, Oktyabrskiy Av., Kirov, 610017, Kirov, Russia E-mail: [email protected]
