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0INTER EDUCATION & GLOBAL STUDY
Original paper
© A. N. Abdullayev1H_
1Nizomiy nomidagi Toshkent davlat pedagogika universiteti, Toshkent, O'zbekiston
Annotatsiya
KIRISH. zagotovkani olish usuli detallarni ishlab chiqishning hajmi belgilab berilgan taqdirda eng tejamli bo'lishi kerak. Zagotovkani olish shakli, o'lchamlari va usulini tanlash uchun detalning konstruksiyasi va materiali katta ahamiyatga egaligi,bugungi kunda oliy ta'lim tizimida talabalar mustaqil ta'limini tashkil qilishning maqsad va vazifalari tahlil qilingan.
MAQSAD: mustaqil ta'limni bajarayotgan talaba mustaqil ishni bajarishda o'quv mashg'uloti maqsadini, zagotovkalarni olish tannarxini hisoblash uslubini o'zlashtirish va iqtisodiy solishtirish asosida optimal variantini tanlash yakunida qanday o'quv natijalarga erishish mumkinligini ham bilishi zarurligi belgilab olindi.
MATERIALLaR VA METODLAR: muammoga oid materiallar, jumladan, maqola va axborot agentliklarining rasmiy saytlaridan foydalanildi. Tadqiqot jarayonida qo'llanilgan nazariy qarashlar, tadqiqot usullari, analitik obzor, o'rganish, tahlil qilish, zagotovkani olish uslubiga qarab me'yoriy jadvallar bo'yicha zagotovka o'lchamlariga chegaraviy og'ishlarini olishda pedagogik eksperiment tashkil etilganligi bilan izohlanadi.
mUhOKAMA VA NATIJALAR: talabalar mustaqil ishlarini tashkil etishdagi asosiy vazifa har qanday shakldagi mashg'ulotlarda intellektual tashabbus va tafakkurni rivojlantirish uchun psixologik-didaktik sharoitlarni yaratishdan iboratdir. Talabalar mustaqil ishini tashkil etishda ishlab chiqarish turi mahsulotning yillik ishlab chiqarish hajmi ma'lumotlarga ko'ra ishchi chizmalar bo'yicha detalning massasiga ko'ra o'rnatilishi kerak. Bunda topshiriqlarni faol bajarish sari yo'llash asosiy o'rin tutishi kerak.
XULOSA: talabalar mustaqil ishlarni tashkil etishda yiriklashtirilgan texnik-iqtisodiy tahlilni metodikasi bo'yicha bajarish mumkin. Qirindining o'rtacha narxi hisobda material narxining 10-12% ni tashkil qilishida namoyon bo'ladi.
Kalit so'zlar: mashinasozlik, detal, zagotovka, po'lat, cho'yan, quymalar, rangli metallar, qotishmalar, shtampovkalar, prokat, turli profillar, iqtisodiy solishtirish, optimal variant, zagotovkalarni olish tannarxini hisoblash.
Iqtibos uchun: Abduhakim N.A. Ish qismini olish usulini tanlash va texnik-iqtisodiy asoslash texnologik jarayonini loyihalashda talabalar mustaqil ta'limini tashkil etish. // Inter education & global study. 2024. №7. B. 238-247.
Ilmiy-nazariy va metodik jurnal Научно-теоретический и методический журнал Scientific theoretical and methodical journal
INTER EDUCATION & GLOBAL STUDY
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЮ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОЦЕССА ВЫБОРА СПОСОБА ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ РАБОЧЕЙ ЧАСТИ И ТЕХНИКО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ
© А. Н. Aбдуллаев1И
Ташкентский государственный педагогический университет имени Низами, Ташкент, Узбекистан_
Аннотация
ВВЕДЕНИЕ: способ получения заготовки должен быть наиболее экономичным, если определен объем детальной разработки. Конструкция и материал детали имеет большое значение для выбора формы, размеров и способа получения заготовки, проанализированы цели и задачи организации самостоятельного обучения студентов в системе высшего образования сегодня.
ЦЕЛЬ: определено, что обучающийся, проводящий самостоятельное обучение, должен усвоить цель обучения, способ расчета стоимости заготовки, выбрать оптимальный вариант на основе экономического сравнения, каких образовательных результатов можно достичь.
МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: использованы материалы, относящиеся к проблеме, в том числе статьи и официальные сайты информационных агентств. Теоретические взгляды, методы исследования, аналитический подход, используемые в процессе исследования, согласно нормативным таблицам в зависимости от метода исследования, анализа и получения информации. Отмечается, что был организован педагогический эксперимент по получению предельных отклонений размеров заготовок.
ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: основной задачей в организации самостоятельной работы учащихся является создание психолого-дидактических условий для развития интеллектуальной инициативы и мышления в любой форме обучения, которая должна быть задана по массе деталей по рисункам. при этом приоритет должен быть направлен на активное выполнение поставленных задач.
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: можно провести масштабный технико-экономический анализ при организации самостоятельной работы студентов по методике [3]. Средняя цена шлака указывается в счете как 10-12% от цены материала.
Ключевые слова: Машиностроение, детали, заготовка, сталь, чугун, слитки, цветные металлы, сплавы, штамповка, прокат, разные профили, экономическое сравнение, оптимальный вариант, расчет стоимости заготовки.
Для цитирования: Абдуллаев А.Н. Организация самостоятельного обучения студентов проектированию технологического процесса выбора способа получения рабочей части и технико-экономической возможности. // Inter education & global study. 2024. №7. С.238-247.
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INTER EDUCATION & GLOBAL STUDY
ORGANIZING INDEPENDENT EDUCATION OF STUDENTS IN DESIGNING THE
TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF CHOOSING THE METHOD OF RECEIVING THE
WORK PART AND TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY_
© Abdukhakim N. Abdullayev 1И
Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Annotation
INTRODUCTION: the method of obtaining a workpiece should be the most economical if the volume of detailed development is determined. The design and material of the part is of great importance for choosing the shape, size and method of obtaining the workpiece, the goals and objectives of organizing independent learning of students in the higher education system today are analyzed.
AIM: it is determined that a student conducting independent training must learn the objective of training, the method for calculating the cost of a workpiece, select the best option based on an economic comparison, and what educational results can be achieved.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: materials related to the problem were used, including articles and official websites of news agencies. Theoretical views, research methods, analytical approach used in the research process, according to normative tables depending on the research method, analysis, and obtaining information. It is noted that a pedagogical experiment was organized to obtain maximum deviations in the dimensions of blanks.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: the main task in organizing students' independent work is to create psychological and didactic conditions for the development of intellectual initiative and thinking in any form of training. should be set according to the mass of the detail according to the drawings. In this, the priority should be directed towards the active execution of the tasks.
CONCLUSION: it is possible to conduct a large-scale technical and economic analysis when organizing independent work of students according to the methodology [3]. The average price of slag is indicated in the invoice as 10-12% of the price of the material.
Key words: Mechanical engineering, parts, blanks, steel, cast iron, ingots, non-ferrous metals, alloys, stamping, rolled products, various profiles, economic comparison, optimal option, calculation of blank cost.
For citation: Abdukhakim N. Abdullayev. (2024) 'Organizing independent education of students in designing the technological process of choosing the method of receiving the work part and technical and economic feasibility', Inter education & global study, (7), pp. 238-247. (In English).
According to GOST 14.205-83 and MR 186-85, under the technology of constructions, "features that determine the adaptability of the product to the established
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quality indicators, the volume of production and the conditions of the work performed, in achieving minimum costs in production, use and repair sum" is understood.
Technology testing can be done at the product, assembly, and detail levels. The technological quality of the detailed construction can be evaluated using a system of indicators that includes: basic values of technological indicators, which are mandatory and technological limit standards for product development; technology developed in product development value of indicators; technological level indicators of the product construction being developed. The assessment of the technicality of the construction is based on important indicators both as main indicators (work scope of preparation of details in standard hours, technological cost of details Segilish, soum) and as additional indicators (coefficient of unification of structural elements, processed standardized coefficient of surfaces, coefficient of surface treatment, coefficient of application of type-specific technological processes, etc.) allows to determine.
During the practical training, it will not be possible to evaluate the product design based on the above criteria, because the technological process for the preparation of details has not yet been developed, and currently there is no information about the scope of the technological cost. A simplified analysis of the technology of the detailed construction can be performed by the number of points corresponding to each surface [4]. Such an analysis allows you to identify the most accurate surfaces (which are less technological). An example. Carry out a feasibility study of two options for the production of zagotovka: hot volumetric stamping method and rolling. The annual production volume of details is 18,000 pieces. Working drawing of the detail - shaft (Fig. 1.1). Detail material - 45 steel GOST 1050-88. Detailed mass - 10.8 kg.
The type of production is set according to the annual production volume of the product and the mass of the detail according to the working drawings according to the information in the table. Production type - mass.
1 option. Rolled Zagotovka. We determine the intermediate deposits according to the tables according to the accuracy and roughness of the machined surfaces of the part. Calculation of intermediate deposits is based on the outer diameter of the part
mm (Fig. 1.1).
we set the diameter to mm. Processing of the surface with a diameter of 80 mm is carried out on a semi-automatic multi-chisel lathe in fixed centers; final processing of the detail surface is performed on a circular grinding machine.
Technological route of processing this surface: Operation 005. Lathe-screwdriver
- 010. Lathe-screwdriver
- 015. Heat treatment HRCE 41...45.
- 020. Spinner
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Figure 1.1. Detail working drawing
1. HRCe 41...45.
2. Unspecified roughness of the surfaces.
Deposits for cutting the side edge surfaces and deposits for processing external surfaces (chamfering and polishing) are determined according to table [1].
The roughing allowance is 4.5mm, 2mm for finishing and 0.5mm for one lap. We determine the intermediate dimensions of the processed surfaces according to the routed technological process:
010 to the lathe-screw cutting operation
Dp.010 = DH + 2zshlif = 80 + 0,5 = 80,5 mm 005 to the turning-screw cutting operation
Dp.005 = DP 010 + 2z010 = 80,5 + 2 = 82,5 mm account size DP z = DP 010 + 2z005 = 82,5 + 4,5 = 87 mm According to the calculation data, we select the required size of the hot-rolled roll of simple accuracy according to GOST 2590-88. For example, a diameter of 90 mm of rolling stock is written as follows:
Circle
90-b-GOST2590-88 45-b-GOST1050-88
The normal length of rolled steel is 53-110 mm with a diameter of 4-7 m. Deviations for a diameter of 90 mm are equal to mm. of Zagotovka allowances for cutting the side edge surfaces are equal to 2.4 mm[8].
Total length of zagotovka
Lz = Ld + 2zyon qirrasi = 300 + 2,4 =302,4 mm
Ld is the nominal length of the detail according to the working drawing, mm.
We set the limit deviations in the length of the zagotovka according to the data table.
Based on the marginal deviations, we round up the total length of the zagotovka to whole units. We take the length of the zagotovka as 303 mm.
We determine the size of the zagotovka in positive bets.
Vz =
nD
z.p
Lz =
3,14^9,052
30,5=1960,95 sm3
4 4
where Lz is the length of the core (zagotovka) in positive layers; Dz.p - diameter of Zagotovka according to positive deposits, cm. We determine the mass of the zagotovka by the following formula: Gz = YVZ = 0,00785 • 1960,95=15,4 kg
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We will choose the optimal length of the rolling stock for making the zagotovka. We take the losses of the zagotovka in the clamp as Lqisqih 80 mm.
Zagotovka is cut with scissors. This is the most effective and cheapest method. The length of the side edge section of the roll We determine from the ratio Lob=(0,3+0,5)d where d is the diameter of the zagotovka section, mm;
D = 90 mm: Lob = 0,3-90=27 mm. Based on the accepted length of the roll, we determine the number of zagotovka according to the standards by the formula.
We determine the number of zagotovka made of 4 m rolled
V - ¿qisish - ¿ob 4000-80 -27 ,
X4 =-——--=-——-= 12,76 dona
+ tp^ 303
The number of zakogovka from a roll of 7 m
V - ¿qisish - ¿ob 7000-80-27
x7 =-----=-——-= 22,6 aona
L^ + ip^ 305
We accept 22.
The remainder of the length (non-equal division) is determined depending on the accepted length of the roll: 4m long rolled
= v - ¿ob - ¿qisish - (¿z • ^4) = 4000 - 27 - 80 - (305 • 12) = 233 mm
LH^ 100 233 • 100
= —-=-= 5,86%
H*4 Lpr 4000 , %
= 7000 - 27 - 80 - (305 • 22) = 183 mm
• 100 183•100
= —-=-= 2,61 %
H*4 Lpr 7000 , %
Due to unevenness, it is more economical to make zagotovka from a 7 m roll than
from a 4 m roll. The loss of material in compression in shear is the following value in relation
to the length of the roll:
•100 80•100
P ■ ■ Ь = - = - =11%
rqtstsh V 7000 1,1 %
The loss of material in the length of the section of the side edge of the rolled product
as a percentage of the length of the rolled product is as follows:
L0T•100 27•100
Рог=^7- = ^00Г = 0'38% Total losses per selected roll length (%)
^p.O = ^ + ^ + Pzay = 2,61 + 0,38 + 1,1 = 4,09 % We determine the consumption of material for one detail, taking into account all
inevitable technological losses:
Сз • (100 + PR0) 15,4 • (100 + 4,03)
P =-тттт:-=-тттт:-= 16,03 кя
zp 100 100 d
Material utilization factor
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ЩШ к- = ^Г = Тб0з = 0'67
We determine the price of a rolled zagotovka first by finding out the price of materials and waste from the Internet.The average price of one ton of rolled steel is 44,870 soums, and the price of stamped zagotovka is 52,320 soums (the company APOGEY-metal), and the price of 1 ton of waste is 5,250 soums. It may change according to the description. The calculation is as follows CZP = CM • GZP - (GZP - = 44,87 • 16,03 - (16,03 -
10,8) — = 691,81 so'm.
1000
Option 2. Zagotovka is made on a horizontal hammering machine (GBM) by the method of hot volume stamping. Level of complexity S1. Accuracy of hammering preparation - class I, steel group - M1. [2].Contributions to the nominal dimensions of the part are determined according to table [3]. Machining costs for zagotovka made by hot volume stamping depend on the mass, accuracy class, steel group, complexity and roughness of the zagotovka. We determine the calculated dimensions of the zagotovka based on the assumptions made for the dimensions of the detail:
DP80 = DH + 2z = 80 + 4,8 = 84,8 mm DP70 = DH + 2z = 70 + 5,4 = 75,4 mm DP250 = DH + 2z = 250 + 4,4 = 254,4 mm DP200 = DH + 2z = 200 + 2,2 = 202,2 mm Dp50 = DH + 2z = 50 + 1,9 = 51,9 mm
We determine the limit deviations in the dimensions of the zagotovka according to the table standards (GOST 7505-84). Specifications for the dimensions of stamped zagotovka [1]:
084,8-0i; 075,4-06 0254,4_1'26; 0202,2+_1'26-, 051,9+_1'26
According to the second option, we will develop a sketch of the stamped zagotovka together with the technical requirements for its preparation (Fig. 1.1). To determine the size of the stamped zagotovka, it is necessary to conditionally divide the figure of the zagotovka into elements and put dimensions on them, taking into account positive deposits (Fig. 1.2). We determine the volume of individual elements of the zagotovka: V1, V2 and V3. The figure is composed of two identical volumes V1 and V3.
fnD2 \ (3,14-7,662 \ 2V1 = 2( — L) = 2(---5,31) = 489,16 sm3
fnD2 \ (3,14 -8,62 \ V2 = (—4 = 2(---20,36) = 1182,073 sm3
1. NV 241...245
2. The level of complexity of preparation of zagotovka is S1
3. Steel group M1
4. Accuracy of preparation I class
5. Rounding radius of outer corners R= 4 mm
Stamping slopes 5°
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Figure 1.1. Working drawing
6. The offset of A, B, and V surfaces to the main axis of the zagotovka is 1.6 mm
Figure 1.2. Zagotovka elements to determine the size.The total volume
= 2V1 + V2 = 489,16 + 1182,073 = 1671,23 sm3 The mass of the stamped zagotovka GZ.5H = yV0 = 0,00785 • 1671,23 =13,12 kg
We determine the material consumption for one detail, taking the inevitable
technological losses (soot, dross, etc.) in hot volume stamping equal to 10%:
/100 + PSH\ /100 + 10\
c" =с"» (-ШГ-) =U12 (-w) = 1443 *»
The coefficient of the material used in the stamped = ■
^ = = 0,75
G^ p 14,43
We will put the price of stamped zagotovka in the following formula
Q.SH = (CMGz.P) - (Gz.p - Gd) = (52,32 • 14,43) - (14,43 - 10,8)5,38
= 754,94- 19,53 = 735,44 so'm and 735.44 soums. This may change in the current conditions according to the definition.
When choosing the first option of Zagotovka, the annual economic effect is the following indicator:^ = (GZ.5H - CZ.P) N=(735,44 - 691,81J • 1800 = 78534 so'm
Technical and economic calculations, the zagotovka obtained by the hot-rolling stamping method in the horizontal hammering machine is more economical than the rolled zagotovka in terms of material use, but the stamped zagotovka is more expensive in terms of cost, so we adopt the zagotovka obtained from the hot-rolled round roll with simple precision.
The type of zagotovka largely affects the nature of the technological process, the scope of work and the economy of its processing. When choosing a type of zagotovka, it is necessary to take into account not only the conditions of use of the detail, its shape and
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dimensions, but also the economy of production. If there is a difficulty in choosing a zagotovka, that is, choosing a method of preparing one or another detail, then a technical and economic calculation of the cost of possible options is carried out. After establishing the method of obtaining a zagotovka, it is necessary to briefly describe the technological process of obtaining it and to justify the choice of the flatness of the form or stamp separator, the radius of the adopted circles and the deviations of the molding. Feasibility studies for choosing a zagotovka for the part being processed are carried out in several directions (metal capacity, scope of work and cost), taking into account specific production conditions. Feasibility study is conducted on two or more selected options. In the economic evaluation, the metal capacity, cost and scope of work of each selected option for the preparation of the zagotovka are determined. The technical and economic calculation of the preparation of zagotovka is carried out in the following order: the method of obtaining zagotovka is established in accordance with the type of mechanical engineering production, detail construction, material and other technical requirements for the preparation of the detail; deposits on the processed detail surfaces are determined according to standard tables or calculated using an analytical method; calculation dimensions are determined for each surface of the zagotovka; depending on the method of obtaining the zagotovka, the limit deviations of the zagotovka sizes are determined according to the standard tables; zagotovka mass is calculated for the compared options; the rate of material consumption for each type of zagotovka is determined, taking into account inevitable technological losses (inability to divide without residue, cutting, soot, obloy, etc.); the coefficient of using the material with technological losses and without losses is determined for each option of making zagotovka; the cost of selected options is determined to compare the preparation of the zagotovka and to determine the economic efficiency of the zagotovka; the annual savings are determined from the compared options of obtaining zagotovka; annual savings are determined from the chosen option of the zagotovka.
Expanded feasibility analysis can be performed according to the methodology of [1,2]. Various methods of obtaining materials and zagotovka can be obtained from representatives of leading companies engaged in the sale of metal products on the The average price of waste (slag) is on average 10-12% of the price of the material.
ADABIYOTLAR RO'YXATI | СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ | REFERENCES
1. Abdullayev.A.N (2024). Use of measuring instruments. в international bulletin of engineering and technology (Т. 4, Выпуск 2, сс. 113-119). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10726900
2. Abdullayev.A.N (2024). A study of enclosed cylindrical and bevel gear reducers. Наука и инновация, 2(6), 148-154.https://in-academy.uz/index.php/si/article/view/28348
3. Abdullayev.A.N (2023). Methodology of problem solving in technical mechanics classes. Scientific electronic magazine "Science and Education". Volume 4 Issue 4
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https://drive.google.com/file/d/1 GJzuiTGK_lTj7HReL8Pl6 _yMqytgpgj1/view?usp=share_link. ISSN 2181-0842. APRIL 2023. 684-688
MUALLIF HAQIDA MA'LUMOT [ИНФОРМАЦИЯ ОБ АВТОРЕ] [AUTHORS INFO]
^Abduhakim Nigmatovich Abdullayev, "Texnologik ta'lim metodikasi" kafedrasi dotsenti, Ph.D. [Абдухаким Нигматович Абдуллаев, к.т.н., доцент кафедры «Технологической методики образования»], [Abdukhakim N. Abdullayev, Ph.D., associate professor, Department of "Technological Education Methodology" of "] manzil: O'zbekiston, Toshkent sh., Chilonzor tumani, Bunyodkor ko'chasi 27 uy; [адрес: Узбекистан, г. Ташкент, Чиланзарский район, ул. Бунёдкор, 27], [address: Uzbekistan, 27 Bunyodkor street, Chilanzor district, Tashkent city].
