CC BY
3Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS) ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 1 | Issue 3 | December, 2024 | SIIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: IIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.afu.uz/journal
IODINE DEFICIENCY IN DENTAL PATIENTS AND MODERN TREATMENT APPROACHES
Usmonova Shoira Ravshanbekovna
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Alfraganus University Boltaev Sanjar Tolibjanovich
Assistant Alfraganus University Usmonov Asilbek Farxodovich 2nd year student Alfraganus University
Annotation.
Iodine is an essential micronutrient integral to the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which play a crucial role in metabolic regulation, growth, and development. Iodine deficiency remains a public health issue globally, leading to various health implications, including dental problems. This article examines the impact of iodine deficiency on oral health, particularly focusing on dental patients. Furthermore, it discusses modern treatment approaches to mitigate iodine deficiency and improve overall oral health outcomes.
Key words: Dental patients, periodontal disease, dental anomalies.
Introduction.Iodine is a trace element necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones—thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)—which significantly influence metabolic processes, including those affecting bone and dental health. A growing body of evidence suggests that iodine deficiency may have far-reaching consequences not only on systemic health but also on dental health. Dental patients, particularly those suffering from disorders influenced by thyroid hormone levels, may exhibit increased susceptibility to oral diseases such as caries, periodontal disease, and other dental anomalies.
Globally, iodine deficiency is a pressing public health concern, predominantly evident in regions where soil and water iodine levels are low. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), iodine deficiency affects over 2 billion people worldwide, leading to goiter, hypothyroidism, and intellectual disabilities in severe cases. However, its implications extend beyond thyroid dysfunction to encompass various systemic repercussions, including oral health issues.
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS) ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 1 | Issue 3 | December, 2024 | SIIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: IIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.afu.uz/journal
In this article, we explore the consequences of iodine deficiency on dental health, emerging research related to the interplay between iodine levels and oral health conditions, and modern treatment strategies designed to address iodine deficiency in dental patients.
Iodine Deficiency: An Overview
Iodine deficiency is characterized by inadequate dietary iodine intake, leading to insufficient synthesis of thyroid hormones. This deficiency is commonly observed in regions with low natural iodine levels in soil, such as mountainous areas, as well as in populations with limited access to iodine-rich foods. Despite the introduction of iodization programs for salt, iodine deficiency remains prevalent in some communities due to factors such as dietary habits, socioeconomic status, and geographical location. Health Implications of Iodine Deficiency
The health implications of iodine deficiency are well-documented. The most notable consequences include:
- Goiter: Enlargement of the thyroid gland due to overstimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
- Hypothyroidism: Insufficient thyroid hormone production leading to metabolic slowdown, fatigue, weight gain, and impaired cognitive function.
- Cretinism: Severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy may lead to developmental delays and intellectual disabilities in offspring.
Recent studies have also indicated a correlation between iodine deficiency and dental health, underscoring the need for further exploration of this relationship. Iodine Deficiency and Dental Health Impact on Oral Health
1. Periodontal Disease: Research indicates that patients with hypothyroidism are at a higher risk of developing periodontal disease. Thyroid hormones have been shown to influence immune responses and inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues, contributing to the progression of gum disease.
2. Dental Caries: Iodine plays a role in maintaining salivary function. Insufficient iodine levels may lead to xerostomia (dry mouth), which can increase the risk of dental caries due to reduced saliva's protective effects against demoralization.
3. Tooth Development: Iodine deficiency during critical periods of tooth development may lead to enamel hypoplasia, presenting as defects in the enamel layer that increase susceptibility to both caries and periodontal issues.
4. Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors: There is emerging evidence linking iodine
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS) ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 1 | Issue 3 | December, 2024 | SIIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: IIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.afu.uz/journal
deficiency with the development of odontogenic cysts and tumors, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear and warrant further investigation. Clinical Implications for Dental Patients
Dental practitioners should be aware of the potential links between iodine deficiency and oral health. Patients presenting with signs of hypothyroidism or unexplained oral health issues may benefit from a comprehensive assessment of their iodine status. Early detection and intervention can play a critical role in preventing adverse oral health outcomes and enhancing the quality of life for dental patients. Modern Treatment Approaches Dietary Intervention
1. Iodine-Rich Diet: Encouraging the consumption of iodine-rich foods such as fish, dairy products, eggs, and iodized salt can effectively address mild to moderate iodine deficiency. Dietary education focused on increasing iodine intake can be an essential component of patient management.
2. Iodine Supplementation: For individuals diagnosed with iodine deficiency or those at risk, iodine supplements may be recommended. However, it is vital to administer these under medical supervision, as excessive iodine intake can lead to hyperthyroidism and other complications.
Public Health Initiatives
1. Salt Iodization Programs: Continued advocacy for universal salt iodization remains a critical public health strategy. By fortifying salt with iodine, communities can significantly reduce the prevalence of iodine deficiency and its associated health consequences.
2. Screening and Early Detection: Implementing routine screenings for iodine deficiency within healthcare settings can aid in the early identification of at-risk individuals, allowing for timely intervention.
3. Education and Awareness: Increasing awareness about the importance of iodine for overall health, including dental health, is crucial among healthcare providers and patients.
Conclusion. Iodine deficiency emerges as a significant yet often overlooked factor in dental patients' oral health status. Understanding the critical role of iodine in maintaining oral health can lead to improved management strategies for dental practitioners and better overall patient outcomes. By prioritizing iodine status in clinical assessments, adopting dietary interventions, and participating in public health initiatives, the prevalence of iodine deficiency and its oral health consequences can be effectively mitigated. Future research should continue to explore the complex
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS) ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 1 | Issue 3 | December, 2024 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.afu.uz/journal
relationship between iodine, thyroid function, and oral health, ultimately enhancing
the lives of individuals affected by these interrelated issues.
References
1. Systemic approach to diagnosis and treatment planning of occlusion anomalies in adult patients with dentition defects and deformities residing in the iodine-deficient region / S.V. Averyanov, F.Kh. Kamilov, M.V. Galiullina, T.I. Ganeev, R.R. Yunusov // Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technologythis link is disabled. - 2020. - Vol. 13(12). - P. 6035-6040.
Histological structure of tooth tissues and supportive apparatus in experimental hypothyroidism / T.I. Ganeev, R.R. Yunusov // Bulletin of BSMU. - 2017.
2. Appendix 2: Materials of the 82nd All-Russian Scientific Conference of Students and Young Scientists, June 3, 2017, Ufa. - pp. 410-415.
3. Dental status of patients with hypothyroidism in the iodine-deficient region / T.I. Ganeev, R.R. Yunusov // Bulletin of BSMU. - 2017. - Appendix 2: Materials of the 82nd All-Russian Scientific Conference of Students and Young Scientists, June 3, 2017, Ufa. pp. 425-428.
4. The choice of the method of administration and dose of thiamazole for modeling hypothyroidism in laboratory rats/ F.H. Kamilov, T.I. Ganeev, V.N. Kozlov [et al.] // Biomedicine. -2018. - No. 1. - pp. 59-70.
5. Dental status of patients with thyroid diseasesliving in the Republic of Bashkortostan / R.R. Yunusov, T.I. Ganeev, F.H. Kamilov, S.V. Averyanov // Dental Forum. - 2018. - No. 4. - p. 74.
6. Dental status of prepubescent children with iodine deficiency / T.I.
7. Ganeev, R.R. Yunusov, S.V. Averyanov [et al.] // Dentistry. - 2018. - Vol. 97, No. 6-2. - p 23.
