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1Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS) ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 1 | Issue 3 | December, 2024 | SIIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: IIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.afu.uz/journal
Y^K:616.31
DIABETES MELLITUS IN PARODONTAL DISEASE
Usmonova Shoira Ravshanbekovna
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Alfraganus University Avazova Shahlo Nuridinovna
Assistant Alfraganus University Boltayev Sanjar Tollibovich
Assistant Alfraganus University Usmonov Asilbek Farxodovich 2nd year student Alfraganus University
Annotation.
The aim of the study was to characterize the dental status and oral hygiene in the adult population living in the territory of natural iodine deficiency. 515 people aged 25-44 years were examined in five foothill and mountainous regions of the Southern Urals. The following were studied: the concentration of iodine in urine, the volume of the thyroid gland, the content of thyroid-stimulating hormone, total and free thyroxine, total triiodothyronine in blood plasma. The condition of the mucous membrane and soft tissues of the oral cavity, dental anomalies were examined, dental indices of CPU, KPI, PMA and OHI-S were calculated. It was found that the frequency of iodine deficiency among the adult population of the region is 43.6%, the median concentration of iodine in the urine in women is 105.4 mcg/l, in men — 108.2 mcg/l, which characterizes the epidemiological situation as a mild iodine deficiency. The study of the dental status of patients revealed the association of insufficient iodine intake with the prevalence of dental anomalies, with an increase in the CPI, CPI, PMA and OHI-S indices.
Key words: adult iodine deficiency, thyrotropin, thyroxine, dental status, oral hygiene.
Relevance: Dental caries, detected already in early childhood, is one of the extremely common multifactorial chronic infectious diseases affecting from 60 to
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS) ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 1 | Issue 3 | December, 2024 | SIIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: IIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.afu.uz/journal
90% of children and almost up to 100% of adults (Udina I.G., Gulenko O.G., 2018; Kuzmina E.M. et al., 2019). Periodontal diseases are another important dental problem.
According to the results of the national epidemiological survey of the population of Uzbekistan conducted according to WHO criteria in 2015-2017, 35% of 12-year-old children, 45% of 15-year-old adolescents, 83% of adults 35-44 years old and 89% are over 65 years old (Kuzmina E.M. et al., 2019). Dental anomalies account for a significant share in the structure of dental diseases, especially in childhood (Averyanov S.V., 2010; Lebedeva S.N. et al., 2019; Atoeva M.A., Sabirov S.S., 2020; Mohamed I.S., Vodolatsky V.M., 2020). The high prevalence of these pathological conditions, the definite failure of conservative treatment and the ineffectiveness of the prevention of oral diseases indicate that not all etiopathogenetic mechanisms of diseases of the tooth and periodontal tissues have been established yet.
The genesis of almost all major dental diseases, to one degree or another, is systemically determined due to the anatomical, physiological and humoral communications existing between the organotanous complexes of the oral cavity and body systems. Numerous studies by domestic and foreign experts have convincingly demonstrated that dental caries, inflammatory periodontal diseases (VZD), dental anomalies (ZFA), tooth loss are not only often accompanied by chronic pathology of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatobiliary (gastritis, gastroesophageal disease, colitis, hepatitis, etc.), cardiovascular (hypertension, coronary heart disease, etc.), endocrine (diabetes mellitus, obesity, thyroid diseases, etc.), respiratory and other body systems, but also contributes to their development.
Disorders of hormonal regulation mechanisms are of particular importance in the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of pathology of the dental system, since the development, formation and functioning of oral tissues is under the control of the endocrine apparatus of the body, especially thyroid hormones. Endocrinologists pay attention to the global and national significance of the fact that thyroid diseases occupy the second place in the structure of endocrine pathology in the world's population, and among the most common forms of thyroid pathology is a decrease in its function (hypothyroidism), the incidence of which in the population of various countries ranges from 1.2 to 15%.
Materials and methods of research. The study included 100 people, key age groups of children and adults aged 18-44 years. The results of these primary and subsequent clinical examinations of the oral cavity were entered into the medical
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS) ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 1 | Issue 3 | December, 2024 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.afu.uz/journal
record of the dental patient, developed at the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry with IDPO courses, where the date of examination, life history, examination data, codes and numerical values of indices, as well as the nature and volume of therapeutic and preventive measures (LPM) were recorded.
The results of the study and their discussion. There are three degrees of iodine deficiency (Abdulkhabirova F.M. et al., 2021): low degree - the level of KYM is in the range of 50-99 mcg/l, moderate iodine deficiency is 20-49 mcg/l; severe iodine deficiency - KYM is less than 20 mcg/L. The normal iodine content is determined at KYM 100-199 mcg/l, when. By 200-299 mcg/l, the iodine level exceeds the consumption rate, and more than 300 mcg / l indicates excessive iodine consumption.
All manifestations of iodine deficiency are interrelated with the functional state of the thyroid gland, for the assessment of which the content (TSH) was determined in the blood plasma of the subjects (from 4and cT4) and (from 3).
Hypothyroidism is usually accompanied by an increase in basal levels A decrease in cT4 content is characteristic of clinical hypothyroidism, and an increase in TSH against the background of normal cT4 values reflects the subclinical course of the pathological condition.
The results of studying the indices of dental status and oral hygiene among the examined schoolchildren indicate their dependence on iodine availability. At the age of 12, the prevalence of caries of permanent teeth in girls and boys was 75.57±2.29% and 82.14±2.89%, respectively, and the average value of the CPI index was 4.67±1.09 affected teeth per child, which corresponds to a high level of caries intensity. At the same time, 2.45±0.33 (52.56%) of the index is accounted for by the "K" component", 2,12±0,41 (45,39%) - per component "P", and the component "Y" is 0.11±0.02 (2,05%). As the severity of iodine deficiency increases, an increase in the index is observed KPIs among both girls and boys, with an increase in all components of the index. A similar dynamics of changes is revealed when determining the caries intensity index (PEC). The relationship of the state of solids.
Conclusion. The results of a clinical dental examination of adult patients with laboratory-confirmed iodine deficiency associated with living in UR in an area with natural iodine deficiency demonstrated trends similar to the adolescent group of the surveyed. Iodine deficiency-mediated features of dental status in young adult patients should include significantly higher indicators in comparison with those in persons with normal iodine supply: the prevalence of dental caries (absolute, detected in 100% of cases when of all degrees of severity of iodine deficiency); high intensity of
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS) ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 1 | Issue 3 | December, 2024 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.afu.uz/journal
caries (very high, regardless of the severity of iodine deficiency), and with significantly higher values of the "Y" component (from 8.67 ± 1.19 to 10.00±1.11); high prevalence and intensity of inflammatory periodontal diseases, mainly by type of moderate and severe gingivitis (PMA from 43.20 to 57.7 and KPI from 1.93 to 3.29 - with moderate and severe iodine deficiency; unsatisfactory level of oral hygiene (OHI-S index from 1.91 to 2.30 with moderate and severe iodine deficiency); lesions of the oral mucosa mainly by type of chronic catarrhal moderate stomatitis and desquamative glossitis (17.2% and 9.1%, respectively).
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