CC BY
2УДК 621.75 Farhadov Z.I., Mammadov R. V., Khudiyeva A.S.
Farhadov Z.I.
Associate professor Azerbaijan Technical University (Baku, Azerbaijan)
Mammadov R.V.
Master student Azerbaijan Technical University (Baku, Azerbaijan)
Khudiyeva A.S.
Master student Azerbaijan Technical University (Baku, Azerbaijan)
INVESTIGATION OF ELECTRICAL LOSSES
IN ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS BY VARIOUS METHODS
Abstract: ET helps to conduct business scientific research. Energy has been evaluated in terms of its effectiveness, and the main results and directions of the research are given. High energy supply and reduction of losses, commercial losses technical energy of Azerbaijan electric power system (EES) is increased. The total economic effect obtained from reducing the relative price of losses in power grids ofS to the level of 11.6% was estimated at 100 million dollars.
Keywords: power losses, losses, reporting methods, probabilistic statistical model, simulation models, software, operational model, registration, energy efficiency.
At the Azerbaijan Scientific-Research and Project-Research Energy Institute (Az ET and LA EI), reports on the development of loss reporting methods, algorithms and modern software, and regular reports on determining the structure and norms of
voltage classes were performed. Measures aimed at increasing production, technological consumption of fuel at heating stations and reducing losses in transmission and distribution have been developed and implemented . The norm of losses inS electric networks (ES) is its economically justified technological consumption during transportation. transfer time is a technological expense.'s actual losses consist of technical and commercial entities. Reduction of EC losses is an important issue of national importance. The reduction of losses allows to reduce the damage to organizations due to the reduction of compensation for excess losses, additional power flows, fuel consumption and harmful waste to compensate for losses in additional production at power plants, the volumes of generation power, tariffs. The fact that EC actual losses are significantly different from technical losses requires a systematic approach to solving the problem, including the improvement of the registration system, reporting, analysis, normalization and reduction of losses. Allocation of losses to organizers in case of incompleteness of information onS ESH operating modes is an insufficiently resolved issue. Reduction of EC losses is an important issue of national importance. The monitoring of losses consists of the organization of technical, informational, methodical, software and organizational support designed for the calculation and analysis of the technological organizer of losses based on the data received from electronic meters. In this regard, it is important to increase the accuracy of the reporting of technical losses and loss norms, to improve the system of state control and monitoring of the level of losses, and to develop and improve loss reporting methods and programs. The problem of reporting technical and commercial organizers of losses and the development of measures to reduce them, taking into account the incompleteness of data and estimating uncertainty intervals of losses are required. Methods of calculating technical losses. The value of active load losses depends on the nature of the load and its variation, so losses are calculated in different ways. It is recommended to use different methods for determining cargo losses, depending on the completeness of information on EC loads and reporting forms. Depending on the mathematical model used, all methods can be divided into two large groups: retrospective and probabilistic-statistical. Many methods have been developed
for the calculation of the technological consumption spent on transport - the power and energy loss components and the normative characteristics of energy losses . The cost of power losses in any element of the network depends on the nature of the load and its change:
where P and Q are the active and reactive power transmitted from the network element. Load losses can be calculated by one of the following five methods, in order of decreasing accuracy of the report, according to the amount of information available about EC circuits and loads: operational reports, reporting days, medium loads, time of greatest power losses, assessment of losses based on summary information about network schemes and loads.
forms the formula, where n is the number of network elements, Atij is the time interval when the current load Iij of the resistive network element Ri is taken as constant, m is the number of time intervals. The current loads in the network elements included in this formula are obtained from dispatch tables, operational measurement complexes, and automated systems of electric energy registration and control. The most accurate method for calculating losses is the graphical integration method. They are recommended as superior methods for determining losses in .38 kV voltage networks and for detecting the dependence of losses on the main influencing factors in networks of all voltages. For loss reporting and analysis in 6-20 kV non-closed networks, it is allowed to apply statistical methods in determining the generalized parameters of the circuit (total length and number of parts of the lines, cross-section of the main part, etc.) through the equivalent resistances of the lines. They also use
probability-statistics and regression dependencies to calculate losses. The regression equations express the relationship between the changes of mode parameters and losses. 0.4 kV PESH depends on the accuracy of the calculation of technical losses of and the detection of commercial losses.'s reporting of technical losses in these networks is due to the following factors: large volumes of data with low integrity, distribution of networks over large areas, scheme and especially the dynamics of change of mode parameters, four, three, two-wire stations, uneven loading of phases, unevenness of phase voltages at the feeder transformer station. Normative characteristics of losses (INX). Normative of ESH losses characteristics-
is in the form Here at different values of the factors to obtain the coefficients Aij and Bia number of calculations are required. Formulas of load chart form for loss reports. losses when calculating the shape of the load graph, the number of hours of the largest losses and the load graph shape factor is characterized by coefficients kf:
Conclusion. YGESH of power plants Distributed generation module ES, IES, Reconstruction of the EC, Replacement of PE§ HX SIB cables, account improvement measures, Installation of PESH-electronic meters, Determination of actual imbalances of, Increasing the calculation accuracy of losses. ofS the ratio of feeder and PESH losses to total energy losses was evaluated. Feeder and the comparison of PESH losses shows that the PESH losses ofS are the total energy losses 80% and the nutritional value is 20%. Currently, the organization focused on PESH development, technical and financial (investment) measures in the power grids of AzerbaijanS losses up to the level of 7% due to the direct effect and accompanying measures creates conditions for
reduction.S's EC conducted organization, technical, registration As a result of measures to improve systems,CG significantly TIG at the expense of raising and reducing the total losses, PESH commercial losses has risen.
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