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8I Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 2020 13(7): 1050-1055
DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-0638 УДК 930.1
Introduction to the Thematic Issue of the Journal of Siberian Federal University "Historical Science: Regional and World Tendencies
Natalia P. Koptseva*
Siberian Federal University Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Received 20.05.2020, received in revised form 05.06.2020, accepted 10.07.2020
Abstract. This introduction to the thematic issue devoted to Russian historical science reveals the principle of research development as it presents the findings of this research. The articles present the problems of modern historical science and reveal the essence of the materials under study and their importance for modern science. The key tendencies in the development of historical science, culture studies and history of art are determined in the context of the world outline of modern humanities. All studies were based on specific conceptual and methodological approaches with some articles written within the framework of the Siberian Historical Forum held in October 2019. Some articles pay special attention to Siberian regional aspects, as well as there are articles connected with the history of the humanities, education in the field of the humanities in higher educational institutions of the Siberian Federal District. Within the framework of ethnic and migration issues, cases connected with the research in these fields are considered. The geography of the authors is quite varied: from Moscow to Ulan-Ude. Quite a big section is devoted to the history of various ethno-cultural groups of the indigenous peoples of Siberia. The historical science has a special meaning in terms of problem solving of historical and cultural memory. This thematic issue of the Journal of Siberian Federal University, the Humanities series, is aimed at forming this historical memory on the objective scientific basis.
Keywords: historical science, Russian history, history, history of Siberia, history of science, history of culture, history of education.
Research area: history, culturology.
Citation: Koptseva, N.P. (2020). Introduction to the thematic issue of the Journal of Siberian Federal University "Historical science: regional and world tendencies. J. Sib. Fed. Univ. Humanit. Soc. Sci., 13(7), 1050-1055. DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-0638.
© Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved
* Corresponding author E-mail address: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0003-3910-7991
Dear colleagues and readers,
This thematic issue of our Journal considers various problems faced by the historical science. The mission of the Humanities series of the SibFU Scientific Journal is to publish research findings in the field of modern humanities and social sciences, as well as to present regional studies based on modern concepts and methods (Abbot, 1990; Lange, 2012; Morrone & Crisei, 1995, et al.).
The main content of the thematic issue is composed of articles devoted to the history of Siberia and the history of Siberian ethnocul-tural groups (Kistova et al., 2016; Koptseva, & Reznikova, 2015; Koptseva, 2014). Thus, the scientific research by Yu.M. Goncharov and co-authors represents the integration of a theoretical-historical approach and specific historical studies of Altai of the 18th - early 20th centuries. The authors identify the main trends in the study of the history of Altai, offer their own understanding of the features of the scientific school, which is forming around the Altai historical regional studies. The article presents relevant materials related to the last 20 years of research on this issue. There is no doubt that such reflection will allow historians to see the trends and act with a clearer focus and better organisation.
Regional Siberian historical issues are posed and solved in the article by E.V. Komleva regarding the dynasty of Yeniseisk merchants and the role of merchant dynasties in the formation of Siberian Russian business. The author analyses historical sources that were not previously featured in the scientific literature. Some patterns characteristic of the Siberian merchants as a whole have been identified. The topic of the influence of the Kobychev merchant dynasty on the events of urban public life raised in the article is of particular interest. In the context of the recent anniversary - the 400th anniversary of the city of Yeniseisk -this article also has memorial significance; it introduces the scientific image of the oldest city of the Krasnoyarsk Krai into the world historical science.
O.L. Lushnikova and co-authors used new historical methods, in particular, the method of analysis of oral history in the aspect of study-
ing the events of the Great Patriotic War and its impact on the daily life of the population of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. This article is important for the all-Russian and world anniversary - the 75 th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. Based on the analysis of sources -the oral stories of eyewitnesses who are now very advanced in age (which makes this type of historical source extremely important), the patterns of leisure activities during the war, as well as the specifics of urban and rural leisure of youth of this historical period, are revealed. Like other articles of the thematic issue, the authors demonstrate an effective combination of empirical historical research and serious conceptual generalisations. The results of this study will be in demand by historians of various fields - in the field of the history of Siberia, the history of Russia, the history of socio-cultural activities, and the history of leisure activities (Lange, 2012). It is also important to test the method of oral local stories, which is currently becoming a significant trend in the modern humanities (Morrone & Crisei, 1995; Perlmutter, 1994).
The history of Siberia is the history of a complex multicultural and multi-ethnic community (Koptseva, 2014; Naumov, 2006; Wood, 2011, et al). The history of the most diverse ethnic and cultural groups unfolds in a single social space. The article by M. Ulanov and co-authors reveals some important aspects of the gender and religious history of Siberian Buryats. It examines the complex status of women in the Buryat tradition, the history of changes in this status, the relationship of social identities with purely religious and purely ethnic ones. The authors pay special attention to the change in the level of Buddhist religiosity among the Buryat ethnocultural group, as well as to the strengthening of the role of women in modern Buddhist religious communities. These trends are contrary to the traditional low status of women in classical Buddhism; however, they correspond to the global trends of Buddhism in a number of modern Mahayana schools, which include Buryat Buddhism. The authors report a number of interesting facts, for example, about the predominance of women among Buddhist believers who are actively
practicing Buddhist religious practices. The regional history of the Buddhist religion presented in this article is of great importance for the history of world religion, including modern Russia and modern countries where Buddhism prevails (we are talking not only about the countries of Southeast Asia, but also about the corresponding Buddhist communities in European and North American regions).
The theme of the history of Buddhism in Buryatia is continued with the article by our long-time author D.D. Amogolonova devoted to the religious politics of late imperial Russia. The author expands the problem area of research and uses the comparative-historical and comparative-conceptual approaches, revealing the contradictions between the Orthodoxy of the late Russian Empire and the traditional Buddhist religion of the Buryats. However, this article does not focus on historical chronological narrative, it puts forward and proposes new solutions to the problems of ethnic, cultural and religious identity, reveals the features of identification processes in a complex socio-cultural Siberian space, where Christianity and Buddhism, ideological monoliths and complex ideological constructs intersect. Since the modern ideological space is just characterised by the increased complexity of its constructs, the historical aspects of their formation are extremely important not only for historical science itself, but also for the humanities as a whole.
The research by V.N. Asochakova and co-authors continues the theme of the ethno-cultural history of the indigenous peoples of Siberia. They aim to reveal the history of local communities of the Khakass-Minusinsk Krai in the context of the history of religions, including large faiths and small religious groups. The authors consider the reasons why stable religious communities in this territory did not develop. Similar to other articles of our thematic issue, historical empiricism passes into a substantiated conceptual generalisation, reveals the features of border communities, specific contradictions between different ethnic religious groups. Archival materials that have not previously been published, are introduced; a large historiographic review with its own scientific value is made.
The latest history of migration is revealed in the work by T.D. Egorova and co-authors which presents a scientific model of the pattern of migrants' concentration in one of the areas of Stockholm (Sweden) based on an extensive empirical study. The authors reveal the features of the urban history of the modern European state, which, according to a number of socio-economic and cultural parameters, occupies one of the first places in the world. The history of European urban studies is complemented by identifying the reasons for the formation of such immigration urban communities in the Swedish capital. We see how historical research allows us to draw the most important theoretical conclusions related to migration and ethnocultural studies. The findings of this study are completely relevant to the current Russian, including Siberian, issues where the main problem of migration is the formation of the so-called ethnic enclaves, a type of migration 'ghetto'. What North European states such as Sweden encounter in their recent history is the immediate future for us. Thus, the main conclusions of this article are important for our Russian experts and analysts closely monitoring migration flows in Russian cities.
The second group consists of studies related to the latest trends, including science and education, the history of science and the history of education. In modern northern studies, there is great interest in topics related to prehistoric animal mammoths. The article "The History of World and Russian Mammoth Studies" by V.S. Luzan and co-authors is devoted to the history of social research and the representation of the concept of "mammoth" in modern world and domestic culture. The authors consider an extensive regulatory framework related to the mammoth remains in the northern and Arctic territories. Modern cultural products also actively use the positive image of the mammoth in animated films. Russian cities use the image of the mammoth in their coats of arms. The mammoth really turns into a 'concept', and the history of the formation of this concept is rightfully presented in the historical issue of our journal.
The history of scientific research of the state national policy is disclosed in the article
by Yu.S. Zamaraeva and co-authors. It is generally recognised that Soviet national state policy was advanced and unique. The essence of this uniqueness is represented by authors who actively use the methods of historical analysis and historical comparisons. No wonder state practices of cultural national construction are actively discussed today in various modern states that are looking for new ways of social development in the context of new technological revolutions. It is the national issue that is today acute in many multicultural modern states. The Soviet experience presented in the article is important and is taken into account by politicians of very different orientations.
Finally, the third group of studies is devoted to various metahistorical aspects of modern historical knowledge, the conceptual and methodological basis of modern history. The most important modern technology in the humanities and social sciences is digitalisation technology. On its basis, new formats for the organisation of intellectual work appear in university scientific libraries. This issue is revealed in the work by R.A. Baryshev and co-authors in the article on the transformation of library technology into the digital era. The question of changing and strengthening the role of libraries in the modern history of Russia is also an issue of how to form historical and cultural memory and transfer cultural heritage. The authors propose a solution to a number of discussion issues, referring to the current experience of Siberian Federal University.
The philosophy of history emerges in the 19th century and remains one of the most important forms of metahistorical knowledge (Tuchman, 1994). The application of the category of ideal for research in the field of the history of religion is described in the article by T.V. Izluchenko and co-authors. The philosophical foundations of modern historical research replenished with a meaningful conceptual text. Moreover, in a rather rare case, philosophical studies have a bright applied focus. However, this time historical and philosophical research is connected with the prevention of religious extremism, on the basis of the concept presented in the article, it is possible to formulate criteria for classifying a
particular group, a particular text as extremism, or, on the contrary, to make sure that extremism is absent there. This applied focus of the research is one of the significant trends in modern Russian science. The analysis of the utopian worldview, which is considered in its connection with extremist ideas and concepts, is of particular interest.
The recent history of Tuvan education and Tuvan universities is revealed in the article by O.M. Khomushku and co-authors. At the present stage in the history of Tuvan university education, a trend towards academic mobility has developed and has become possible for scientific analysis. At the universities of the Siberian Federal District, the processes of academic mobility of Tuvan students facilitate the exchange of scientific and educational experience. At the same time, Tomsk universities, which are discussed in this article, are among the best Russian and world universities. The recent history of Tuvan higher education can be understood precisely in this positive trend. The authors describe specific practices of academic mobility and indicate the specific cultural peculiarity of these practices.
Modern ideologemes significant for the history of culture are analysed and discussed in the article by N.Yu. Beregovaya and O.A. Kar-lova. The classical problem of the national idea is reflected in scientific research, summarising the numerous scientific and expert discussions on the problems of Russia's own historical and civilisational path. The authors consider an important metahistorical problem of the formation of new forms of social identities, the basis for which is one or another historical memory. The problem of markers for cultural boundaries is posed, and assumptions are made that the absence of such borders is rather an ideological manipulation than a social or humanitarian reality. Based on the synthesis of historical and cultural materials, researchers show the reality of a multicultural community and reveal the essence of its ideological foundations.
Thus, the first historical thematic issue presented to the attention of our readers and experts gathered rather extensive and representative issues of historical research. The emphasis on the regional dimension is noticeable. The
use of new research methods, both conceptual and specialised historical, is noteworthy. New archival materials were introduced into scientific use, the history of science and education was replenished with new scientific facts. Top-
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ical issues of migration are revealed on the examples of interesting cases. We hope for feedback and expect a heated discussion from our readers, including on the pages of our scientific journal.
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Введение к тематическому номеру журнала Сибирского федерального университета «Историческая наука: региональные и мировые тенденции»
Н.П. Копцева
Сибирский федеральный университет Российская Федерация, Красноярск
Аннотация. Во вступлении к тематическому номеру, посвященному российской исторической науке, раскрывается принцип формирования исследований, результаты которых здесь презентуются. Рассматривается актуальная проблематика современного исторического знания, раскрывается суть представленных материалов, их значение для современной науки. Определяются главные тенденции развития исторического, историко-культурного, историко-науковедческого знания в контексте мировой линии современных гуманитарных наук. В основу всех исследований были положены определенные концептуальные и методологические подходы, ряд статей подготовлены по итогам прошедшего в октябре 2019 года Сибирского исторического форума. Обращено внимание на региональную сибирскую проблематику ряда статей, а также выделяются работы, связанные с историей гуманитарных наук, историей гуманитарного образования в высших учебных заведениях Сибирского федерального округа. Особое внимание уделяется этнической и миграционной проблематике, рассматриваются кейсы, связанные с этими исследованиями. Географическая представленность авторов широка: от г. Москвы до г. Улан-Удэ. Достаточно большой раздел посвящен истории различных этнокультурных групп, принадлежащих к коренным народам Сибири. Историческая наука имеет особое значение в контексте проблематики исторической и культурной памяти. Данный тематический номер журнала Сибирского федерального университета «Гуманитарные науки» имеет целью формировать эту историческую память на объективной научной основе.
Ключевые слова: историческая наука, российская история, история Сибири, история науки, история культуры, история образования.
Научные специальности: 07.00.00 - исторические науки, 24.00.00 - культурология.
