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10ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ МЕЖДУ КОМПОНЕНТАМИ СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЙ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Даниева Майсара Джамаловна, Каршинский государственный университет, г. Карши, Узбекистан
E-mail: jamolbek_14@mail. ru
INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COMPONENTS IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE ENGLISH PHRASES
Daniyeva Maysara Djamalovna Karshi State University, Karshi city, republic of Uzbekistan
E-mail: jamolbek_14@mail. ru
Аннотация. В статье даётся характеристика английских словосочетаний, также, рассматриваются их формы, функции и употребление в составе предложений. Основное внимание уделяется определению отношений между составляющими элементами словосочетаний.
Ключевые слова: словосочетание, элементы, компоненты, система, структура, лингвистический, парадигматика, синтаксический, лексический, семантический, статус, грамматические особенности.
Abstract. Characteristic features of English phrases are defined in the article; their forms, functions and use in the structure of the sentences are analyzed. Main attention is given to the definition of the relationship between the components of the phrases.
Key words: phrase, elements, components, system, structure, linguistic, paradigmatic, syntactic, lexical, semantic, status, grammatical features.
Investigation of the system of phrases developed in the middle of the previous century. The results caused the study of the system to be theoretical and the units as the forming components of the phrases, their morph-syntactic, syntagmatic and
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semantic features begun to be investigated deeply. To differ the phrases from other linguistic units and to describe them also took the main place in the investigations of phrases.
Especially academic V.V. Vinogradov's distribution to the development of the theory of phrases is great. His opinions on the connections of words in the structure of whole system are dominating till nowadays, including the investigation of the system of Uzbek phrases [1: 152].
In V.V. Vinogradov's linguistic study the meaning of "phrase" is explained in the field of the structure consisting of two components not having the intonation indicators, so the direction in linguistics under the name "the syntax of phrases" appeared and formed being put opposite to the units of word and sentence [2: 241].
All discussions on the description of the phrases, their forms, functions, and clarifying their territorial borders were held only according to this theory. Sometimes there were opposite opinions to this or that sides of the theory, some scientists agreed that there were no obeying relationships between the components of phrases; some of them were sure that the phrases have not any nominative function. Some linguists, especially who were interested in the place of phrases in the system of language tried to find special midlevel between lexical and syntactical levels to fit the phrases into [3: 280]. And some scientists support the idea of connecting the status of phrases with the formal indicators of the components of the same phrases. Due their opinion it is impossible the differentiation of the phrases in such languages which have not any complex of forms in the grammatical structure [4: 282].
The interest in the system of phrases caused the deep analyses of the laws of the interconnection of the lexemes; the definition of their lexical and syntactical features; and the detailed learning of the relationship between the consisting components. Many linguists think that a lot of various functional features appearing in the field of the parts of speech and transposition firstly should be investigated from the point of phrases [5; 129].
At the result of coming into conclusion that phrases should be learnt not only from the point of linguistic syntagmatic but from the point of paradigmatic also, it became possible to differ the phrases into certain groups. But it is important to remember that without clarifying the status of phrases it is impossible to gain the exact results in description and characterization of phrases.
V.V. Burlakova had investigated the structure and functional features of English phrases specially and gave the following characterization to phrases: "The phrase is the linguistic unit. Any groups of words consisting of units which are connected with each other due their forms and belonging to various groups, having free grammatical structure are the phrases. Any kind of syntactic relationship may appear between the elements of the phrase" [5: 120]. According to her, all groups of words below should
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be learnt as phrases:
- very quickly;
- extremely beautiful;
- serious discussion;
- types of rules;
- rich in minerals;
- real books; run fast; be clever;
- to the lighthouse;
- red and green;
- men, women, children;
- he laughed;
- wise old (man);
- yellow rose (wreath);
- (to find) the car gone;
- (she kissed him), her eyes searching his face [5: 88].
Knowing that the given examples cannot stand in one line from their functional -semantic features, V.V. Burlakova distributed them into different groups. For example, the first seven groups she differs as "nuclear phrases", the rest six groups into "un nuclear phrases". It is seen that the main base of this distribution is the syntactical relationship between the elements. But it is very difficult to explain what kind of syntactical relationship exists between the elements of following groups:
to the lighthouse (7), wise old (11), to be clever (6).
While investigating the phrase it is important to take into consideration its semiotic, semantic, structural, nominal and cognitive features. Phrases are made and used in the process of linguistic activity. The main task of the units made in this process is to supply the nominative and communicative activities. Well known linguist G.V. Kolshansky characterizes: "The soil purpose of communication is the exchanging of thoughts and information, or saying in other words, it is the method of relationship appearing in the process of social activity of humans and answering to their practical and theoretical demands" [6: 29]. To become a participant of the process of communication the phrases also must suit to these demands, that is to say, first of all they should have whole structure and independent semantic appearances. For example, to differ the phrase the people present from the phrase the present boundaries it is important to take into consideration its nominative and communicative opportunities: One might not feel attracted by most of the people present.
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