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UDC 322
INTERACTION AND DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION SUBJECTS IN BLACK SEA REGION: ANTI-CRISIS POLITICAL-ADMINISTRATIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
N. Yurchenko
candidate of political study, associate professor.
Kuban state university. Krasnodar, Russian Federation nnyurchenko@mail.ru
The global economic and political dynamics of sets certain parameters of social motivation to develop adaptive models of economic growth, based on the constructed anti-crisis policy and administrative technologies, which are the subject of this research. The change of technological orders determines certain stages of formation of the relevant political and administrative practices to ensure the safety and long-term development of the southern regions of the country, taking into account their specificity. The black sea region has always attracted the attention of various geopolitical players, as a zone of their special interests. For many years the region was unstable and caused disputes between neighboring States. Situated between Europe, Russia and the countries of the Middle East, this region is a buffer zone between different cultures and civilizations, which in turn carry the acute problems of the modern world. In the last decade, the black sea region acquires increasing importance as the intersection of the national interests of the leading regional powers, as well as such major global players as the US and EU. The reason for attention to this region should be highlighted, first and foremost, the transit value in a given territory are important transport routes connecting the West with the rich hydrocarbons of Central Asia and Transcaucasia. It should be emphasized that the present geopolitical situation demands that we develop not only new theories, but also tools that are able to provide timely measures of optimization. Moreover, it is necessary to note the special relevance of this problem for the South of Russia and especially the Russian black sea coast, due to its geostrategic location, natural landscape, as well as the economic importance and social and cultural diversity. At the present stage to ensure security in the region requires the development of effective anti-crisis political-administrative technologies, and building a United and interdependent strategies of development of territories, the definition of criteria and approaches to the study and diagnosis of what is happening in the region and the world in General contradictory processes.
Key words: crisis management, technology, politics, administration, the Black Sea region, integration processes and regional security.
The modern globalization processes, escalation of political and socioeconomic conflicts, migrational and information flows growth, intensity of sociocultural impacts contribute to confrontation of local and geopolitical scope factors lead to crisis situations. Presence of such factors in the South of Russia makes it one of the most important regions of the country. Problematics topicality of the Black Sea regional security and also geopolitical situation in the region find its reflection in researches as Russian, so foreign scientists and experts. Currently there is rather comprehensive and varied literature according to the researched subject, conceptual apparatus is planned, the questions according to geopolitical security of Russia and separate regions of the country in the works of A.G. Dugin, V.A. Ko-losov, V.V. Ilin, A.S. Panarin are considered, the questions of regional collaboration in the works of E. Eshba [10, p. 42-48], E. Roth [14] and regional development S.Kiselev [6, p. 61-64], Chakmak M. [9, p. 148-151 ])9, though the problems of anti-crisis political and ad-
ministrative technologies research and development are appeared to be insufficient.
Black Sea region always attracted attention of various geopolitical players, appearing to be the area of their peculiar interests. For many years the given region differed with instability and caused arguments between neighbor governments. Locating between Europe, Russia and countries of the Near and Middle East, this region appears to be buffer zone among various cultures and civilizations, which in their turn have acute problems of the modern world. During last decade the Black Sea region acquires more important significance as the place of national interests intersection of leading regional powers, and also such great world players, as the USA and European Union. The reason of attention to the given region is first of all its transit significance: the most primary traffic arteries, connecting the countries of West with rich carbohydrates of the Central Asia and Transcaucasia are situated on the given territory. Also growth of the new gas-pipe perspectives construction, which are planned to be constructed through the territory of the Black Sea region and down the bottom of the Black Sea, allow to predict the given region role increase in the world economics and geopolitics. It should be noted that the Black Sea straits are the subject of the complicated negotiations between Russia and Turkey, as currently the increase of ships capacity is mentioned, and also this water artery acts as the united link between Black and Mediterranean seas. Mainly by reason of the fact that Black Sea straits play an important role in the development of commercial and economic relations, the given region also stays to be the territory of conflicts.
It is worth mentioning the other problems of the Black Sea region, which currently appear to be topical, and require the further solution. First of all, installation of American air defense at the boundary territory with Russia, and also individual elements location in Rumania. Successively the activity increase of anti-Russian adjusted political powers in Georgia, Rumania and Turkey is conducted, this is first of all connected with energy competition increase. Also European Union accepted the program "Black Sea synergy" [12], which defines the Black Sea region, as one of the influence zones. It is worth mentioning that BSEC [13] - organization, which unites 12 governments, acted with sharp criticism of this program. Particularly, objection against the fact that "Synergy" can use BSEC only in the quality of one possible institutional mechanisms. The further searches of issue are possible only under condition of BSEC-EU equal roles, as Russia and Turkey play the leading role in the Black Sea region. In this context regional security problematics refers to the most discussed as in social studies, so in political practice, as long as causal relationships of appearing risks and threats are not always evident. Alteration of scientific and ideological development paradigms is observed under the conditions of crises phenomena aggravation and growth of social and political tension.
In modern times the development of effective anti-crisis political and administrative technologies, forming of cooperative and relational strategy of territories development, determination of criteria and approaches to the research and diagnostics of contradictory processes taking place in the region and world in whole are required. Russia and especially its south regions are at the confluence of various world civilizations interests, being constantly subjected to influence in the course of geopolitical confrontation development, globalization processes and conflicts aggravation. The world economic and political dynamics determinates some parameters of social motivation on economic growth adaptative mod-
els production, on the basis of constructed anti-crisis political and administrative technologies.
The questions about the Black Sea region problems recently become more acute. Particularly, the panel discussion took place in November 2012 in Simferopol in Crimea scientific centre, on a topic: "Stability in the Black Sea region: external and internal regional threats and the ways of their overcoming" [3]. The discussion was dedicated to the questions of international collaboration, peace support and collective security in the Black Sea region, and also influence of the world economic crises to the life and mutual relations of the region countries. One would like to emphasize the row of great scientific and research centers, which deal with geopolitical aspects of the Black Sea region research, first of all the Council of Mediterranean-Black Sea researches of Europe Institute RAS should be mentioned [4], the main direction of which is the influence of acute conflicts study of the Middle and Near East to the given region. Also the International Centre of Black Sea region researches [1], which appears to be accompanying of BSEC and deals with scientific and technical support, organization and development of the basic projects, study of economic collaboration perspectives between European organizations and BSEC, and also problems of international security and terrorism. It is important to note that according to the given problematics scientific conferences and panel discussions are conducted on regular basis, the main theme of which is politico-military collaboration in the Black Sea region. It is worth mentioning that the existent geopolitical situation requires elaboration not only of the new theory, but also instruments, capable to supply prompt optimization measures. Moreover, it is necessary to note special topicality of the given problem for the South of Russia and especially of Russian Black Sea region that is conditioned by its geostrategic location, natural landscape, and also economic importance and sociocultural diversity. The enumerated factors worsen the existent and potential conflicts, security risks and threats.
The technological structure alteration conditions peculiar stages of corresponding political and administrative practices formation on security supplying and territories perspective development considering their specificity that emphasizes importance of used anticrisis political and administrative technologies analysis and their optimization directions development. Resting on the last, the imperative powers will able to realize the following functions: the modern analysis of socially-political problems, obtaining of the new information and knowledge, necessary for their successful solution, forecasting and search for consolidate bases for the choice of optimization model. It is essential to note that the basic technological challenge of any level imperative organs is supplying of security and region sustainable development, and also supplying of state and supranational structures "open" work according to realization of political and managerial solutions. Also it is necessary to apply the modern political and administrative technologies, which allow preventing overgrowth of conflict situations for the stability of the region. The efficiency of political and administrative technologies manifests in development and strengthening of management potential on the all levels of powerful apparatus. It should be noted that the modern Black Sea region situation requires advance state administration, i.e. management activity, which has professional and creative character, contributing to junction of knowledge with practice, bringing high technology to the society. Also one should emphasize several me-
thods, which allow taking this region to the way of sustainable development and security supplying in whole. This is first of all:
- necessity of effective state and business interaction supplying in optimization of politico-economical processes and economic security consolidation;
- work quality increasing of political apparatus;
- detailed elaboration and realization of structured policy, which provides security of the region and country in whole, and also will be aimed to preservation of the most valuable elements of accumulated technical potential, existing gap overcoming of branch, intra-branch and production structures.
However the full forecasting and regional risks prevention is impossible without detailed knowledge of affairs situation in the given sphere, without data acquisition system and its adaptation. This is precisely why nowadays prerequisites for creation of regional security system, which will allow promptly coming out of the appearing crises and preventing the threats, appeared. The given system should, first of all, emphasize the forecasting, prevention and precaution, and also include the elements of interstate regulation, research and development centers and social movements.
Generally, today the Black Sea region countries strive to decrease conflict potential of the given region, and also collaboration program development according to two basic directions is led: construction and development of highway net around the Black Sea, and also sea route increase for effective economic region development. The importance of maritime transport for the Black Sea region is described in various declarations and claims of BSEC. For instance, "Mutual declaration about collaboration in the sphere of transport in BSEA region" [7], accepted in April 2008 in Odessa, characterized by the number increase of seaports in the region. Also the given declaration provides large-scale collaboration and conjoint actions on barriers destruction in BSEA region at the important transport hubs, also including seaports. The perspective interaction directions of the countries in the Black Sea region are also considered to be rather important, such as development project of maritime passenger transport in the Black and Mediterranean Seas and the program of navigation security supplying. One of the most important directions is undoubtedly energy question. In December 2011 the memorandum about new project realization of Transana-toliski gas-pipe (TANAP) [5] was signed, which presupposed transportation of Azerbaijanian natural gas from minefield Shakh-Deniz II through Turkey to Europe. Also the given project would enlarge the infrastructure for gas transportation to Turkey and Europe not only from the minefield in Azerbaidjan, but also from the other countries. The second agreement is the project of South-Europe gas-pipe ("South flow") [2], mainly it could supply the leading positions in the energy competition in Russia, but from the 1st of December 2014 because of unstable situation in EU the president of RF V.V. Putin at the press conference in Ankara [83] proclaimed about the given project cancellation because of non-constructive position of partners according to the given question.
Thus, the basic problems of the Black Sea region have the complicated structure and ambiguous resolution ways, also the questions of energy, transport and social sphere stay unsettled. The detailed examination of the basic players and risk factors, and also project development of quarrels regulation among the countries of BSEC are necessary for the further regulation of these problems. It is necessary to mention that economic co-
operation is the determinant interaction factor between it, but currently the coordinated political strategy, which allows to effectively supply stability and security of the given region has not been elaborated yet, and the applied integrative anti-crisis technologies accomplish its functions. The given theme is actively discussed as in the Black Sea region countries, so in European. It is presupposed to support region security in accordance with the report "Commissions on the Black Sea 2020" the Black Sea region: the horizon of 2020 [11], where the region is considered as link between Europe and Near East that conditions its geostrategic attractiveness. But there are also opponents of the given project and idea in whole, particularly they speak for the regional questions decision without international forces involving. Generally, BSEC countries are need in partnership relations supporting in the Black Sea region problems solution, and also prevent their aggravation with the goal to elude the region conflict potential intensification. Under the modern conditions the search of effective interaction models in the processes of comprehensive modernization realization on the basis of political stability and economic growth is the basic direction of governments strategic development. Modernization is considered as systemic reformation of all spheres of the society life, obtaining of new realization quality of nationally-state interests and overcoming of crisis phenomena by the new forms of communicative-synergetic content finding. Protracted character and hard flowing of crises of the last twenty years significantly complicated position of the most society part, individuals' ability to orient in social environment, make necessary decisions. Therefore society solidarity, axiological bases, providing the united sociocultural foundation of polyethnic space were seriously reduced, and disagreement factors of goals and organized action possibilities were increased. Acute social conflicts, social deviations, which continue sharpening society foundations and make search for solid escapes from social dead-lock exceedingly topical are should be added to this. However society transformation can be successful only under the condition of mobilization and effective usage of available social and political potential, development of spiritual and moral bases by means of constructive political and administrative environment formation of communication and collaboration.
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