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3INSONLARDAGI SEMIZLIK MUAMMOSINI BARTARAF ETISH VA OLDINI
OLISHDA HAFNIA ALVEI SHTAMMINI QO'LLASH 1Mamatraimova Sh.M., 2Bekmurodova G.A., 3Amirsaidova D.A., 4Miralimova Sh.M
1,2,3,4Q'zrrfa Mikrobiologiya instituti,e-mailshahnoza27mms@gmail.com https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo. 8358302
Annotatsiya. Yangi avlod probiotiklaridan foydalanish semirishning oldini olish va davolash strategiyasining ajralmas qismiga aylanishi mumkin. Ushbu sharhning maqsadi Hafnia alvei probiotik shtammning semizlikka qarshi samaradorlik korsatgichlarini adabiyot materiallari asosida tahlil qilish.Tadqiqotda Hafnia alvei yangi avlodprobiotiklari guruhiga kiritilgan vafoydalanish semirishning oldini olish va davolash strategiyasining ajralmas qismiga aylanishi mumkinligikeltirilgan, ammo Hafnia alvei ning ta'siri hali ham o'rganilmoqda vauning potentsialfoydalari va qo'llanilishini to'liq o'rganish uchun ko'proq tadqiqotlar talab etiladi.
Kalit so^zlar: yangi avlod probiotiklari,semizlik,Hafnia alvei;
Аннотация. Использование пробиотиков нового поколения может стать неотъемлемой частью стратегии профилактики и лечения ожирения. Целью данного исследования является анализ показателей борьбы с ожирением Hafnia alvei, потенциального пробиотического штамма молочных бактерий, на основе литературы. Исследования показали, что Hafnia alvei включена в группу пробиотиков нового поколения, и ее использование может стать неотъемлемой частью стратегий профилактики и лечения ожирения, но эффекты Hafnia alvei все еще изучаются и используются для полного понимания ее потенциальных преимуществ и применения. необходимы дополнительные исследования.
Ключевые слова: пробиотики нового поколения, ожирение, Hafnia alvei;
Abstract. The use of new generation probiotics may become an integral part of obesity prevention and treatment strategies. The purpose of this research is to analyze the anti-obesity indicators of Hafnia alvei, a potential probiotic strain of milk bacteria, based on the literature. Studies have shown that Hafnia alvei is included in the group of new generation probiotics and its use may become an integral part of obesity prevention and treatment strategies, but the effects of Hafnia alvei are still being studied and used to fully understand its potential benefits and applications. more research is needed.
Keywords: new generation probiotics, obesity,Hafnia alvei;
Jahon sog'liqni saqlash tashkiloti ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, 1975-yildan beri ortiqcha vazn (BMI > 25 kg / m 2) va semirib ketish (BMI > 30 kg / m 2 ) dunyo bo'ylab tarqalish darajasi 3 baravar ko'paygan, bu esa mos ravishda 39% ni tashkil qiladi [ 1 ].Semirib ketish ijtimoiy zaiflashuvchi bir qancha surunkali kasalliklar, jumladan, qandli diabet, yurak-qon tomir kasalliklari va saraton [ 2 ] uchun asosiy xavfli omil ekanligini hisobga olsak, dunyodagi "semizlik epidemiyasi" bilan bog'liq xavotirli vaziyat oldini olish va davolash yechimlarini izlashga undaydi.
Semirib ketishning patofziologiyasi bo'yicha mavjud bilimlar miyaga leptin va insulin kabi yog'lilik gormonlaridan o'zgargan signalizatsiyani o'z ichiga oladi, natijada giperfagiya va ijobiy energiya balansi [3] paydo bo'ladi. Bundan tashqari, ichak mikroorganizmlari ichak mikrobiota tarkibining semizlik fenotiplar bilan bog?liqligini, energiya almashinuvini tartibga solishda ishtirok etishi ko'rsatilgan [ 4 , 5]. Ichak mikrobiotasini muvozanatini miya energiyasi bilan bog?laydigan molekulyar yo'llar hali to'liq o'rganilmagan bo'lsa-da, sog'liq uchun foydali
bakteriyalarni to'ldirish orqali ichak mikrobiota tarkibini modulyatsiya qilish, semirishning oldini olish va davolash uchun yangi strategiya sifatida namoyon bo'ladi. Haqiqatan ham, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium va Enterococcus avlodiga mansub an'anaviy probiotik bakteriyalar yakka o'zi yoki turli kombinatsiyalarda odamlarda sinovdan o'tkazildi, natijada odatda oziq-ovqat iste'moli va tana vaznida sezilarli o'zgarishlar bilan salomatlik uchun ijobiy ta'sir ko'rsatdi [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9]. Shunga qaramay, ichak mikrobiotasi bilan organizmda ishtahani va energiya almashinuvini tartibga solish o'rtasidagi funktsional bog'liqlikning mavjudligi shuni ko'rsatadiki, ba'zi ichak kommensal bakteriyalari ularning ta'sir qilish mexanizmlarini tushunish asosida yangi avlod semirishga qarshi probiotiklardan foydalanish ancha rivojlanishi mumkin [ 10 ] .
Hafnia alvei shtammi Hafniaceae oilasiga (ilgari Enterobacteriaceae) tegishli bo'lib, Enterobacteriaceae turkumiga kiradi.Ushbu shtammni standart oziq-ovqat bilan ta'minlangan holda, ikkita hayvon modelida semirishga qarshi xususiyatga ega ekanligi ko'rsatildi [ 11 ]. H. alvei potentsial semizlikka qarshi probiotik sifatida tanlanishi uning kazeinolitik proteaza oqsilini (ishtahani tartibga solishda ishtirok etadigan asosiy anoreksigen peptid) ishlab chiqarishiga asoslangan bo'lib, u ilgari a-melanotsitlarni ogohlantiruvchi gormon (a-MSH) ning konformatsion mimetikasi sifatida aniqlangan. [ 11 , 12]].
Hafnia alvei gram-manfiy, fakultativ anaerob bakteriya bo'lib, oziq-ovqat tarkibidagi asosiy psixofil bakteriyalar, shuningdek, vakuumli qadoqlangan va modifikatsiyalangan atmosfera bilan qadoqlangan oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarida keng tarqalgan [13]. H. alvei xom go'sht, suv,sut va sut mahsulotlari, iste'mol qilishga tayyor dengiz mahsulotlarida keng tarqalgan [14]. Ammo Hafnia alvei inson infektsiyalari yoki kasalliklari bilan bog'liq muammolarni keltirib chiqarishi aniqlanmagan [15]. Hafnia alvei ba'zi odamlarda normal ichak mikrobiotasining bir qismi, ya'ni u tabiiy ravishda inson oshqozon-ichak traktida yashashi mumkin. H. alvei ba'zi sog'lom odamlarning ichak mikrobiotasida aniqlangan bo'lsa-da, uning past tarqalishi (1-2%), bu sut mahsulotlari bilan bog'liq bo'lgan bakteriyalarning turiga tegishli ekanligini ko'rsatadi [16]. Organizmning umumiy salomatlik va farovonlikni saqlashda,ishtahani nazorat qilishda ichak mikrobiotasini roli muhim.Tana vaznini ichak mikroboitasi orqali boshqarish uchun probiotik shtammlardan foydalanib ko'rilmoqda.Bu ovqat hazm qilish, ozuqa moddalarining so'rilishiga, immunitet tizimini tartibga solishga va zararli patogenlardan himoya qilishga yordam beradi [17]. Hafnia alvei sog?liq uchun potentsial foyda keltirishi mumkin, ammo uning ta'sirini to'liq tushunish uchun ko'proq tadqiqotlar talab etiladi.
Tadqiqotlar shuni ko'rsatdiki, Hafnia alvei mikroblarga qarshi moddalar ishlab chiqaradi, ular ba'zi zararli bakteriyalar, jumladan Escherichia coli va Salmonella o'sishiga to'sqinlik qiladi. Ushbu mikroblarga qarshi faollik Hafnia alvei ning oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini saqlash va probiotik sifatida ishlatilish mumkin ekanligini ham ko'rsatadi [18].
Probiotiklar - jonli mikroorganizmlar bo'lib, ular kerakli miqdorda iste'mol qilinganda inson sog'ligi uchun foyda keltiradi. Hafnia alvei ning ba'zi shtammlari probiotik salohiyati uchun o'rganilgan [19]. Probiotiklar ichak mikrobiotasining sog'lom muvozanatini saqlashga yordam beradi, ovqat hazm qilishni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi va immunitetni oshiradi.
O rganilgan tadqiqotlarda keltirilishicha, Hafnia alvei dan tanani tozalash uchun foydalanish bo'yicha tadqiqotlar mavjud. Takidlanishicha, ichak mikrobiotasida Hafnia alvei mavjudligi ichakning umumiy sog'lig'iga hissa qo'shishi mumkin. Sog'lom ichak mikrobiotasi chiqindilarni yo'q qilishga yordam beradi, muntazam ichak harakatini qo'llab-quvvatlaydi va tanadan toksinlarni olib chiqishga yordam beradi [20].
Nikolas Lukas tadqiqotlarida keltirlishicha, (2019) H. alvei shtammini og?iz orqali yuborish sichqoncha modelida semirishni yengillashtirdi va oziq-ovqat iste'molini kamaytirdi va u metabolik va xatti-harakatlardagi o'zgarishlar potentsial yangi avlod probiotik bakteriya H. alvei ning semizlikka qarshi ta'sirini sinab ko'rish uchun giperfagik o'zgarishi preklinik modeli uchun etarli bo la olgan. Ushbu tadqiqotda, semizlikdan kelib chiqqan metabolik o'zgarishlar, shu jumladan glikemiya va umumiy xolesterin H. alvei bilan davolash orqali yaxshilanganligi ochib berilgan [21].
Mikrobiotaning metabolizmdagi roli kashf etilganidan beri Pr. Serguei Fetissov, neyroendokrinolog va fziologiya professori, ishtahani nazorat qilishda ichak mikrobiotasining rolini keng o'rgandi. 2002-yildayoq u to'yishning asosiy gormoni alfa-melanotsitlarni ogohlantiruvchi gormon (alfa-MSH) bilan reaksiyaga kirishuvchi inson otoantikorlarini aniqladi. U mikrobiota tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan anoreksigen peptidni alfa-MSH bilan ketma-ketlikning homologiyasini kashf etdi [22]. Endokrinologiya jurnalida chop etilgan sharhda u mikrobiota tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan metabolitlar oziq-ovqat iste'molini tartibga solishi mumkinligini ko'rsatdi va aniqrog'i alfa-MSH ning konformatsion mimetik antigen bo'lgan kazeinolitik peptidaza B (ClpB) deb ataladigan bakterial oqsilni aniqladi (1-rasm) [ 23] .
1-rasm. Serguei Fetissovdan tadqiqot izohi 2016 yil.
Kuzatishlar shuni ko'rsatdiki, inson najasi namunalarida kozeinolitik peptidaza B (ClpB) darajasi tana massasi indeksi (BMI) [ 24] bilan uzviy bog'liq. Pr. Serguei Fetissov va Professor Per Dechelotte lar semizlikning kelib chiqish oqibati va inson ovqatlanishi jarayonlari bo'yicha batafsil o'rganish va tasvirlash uchun o'z tadqiqotlarini olib bordi.
Bu kuzatilgan anoreksigen ta'sir, ehtimol, H. alvei ning o'ziga xos xususiyatidir probiotik bakteriyalar orasida semizlikka qarshi tadqiqotlar hayvonlar modellarida sinovdan o'tgan. Aslida, ba'zi semizlikka qarshi ta'sirli boshqa bakteriyalar shtammlari berilgan bo'lsa-da, ularning hech biri oziq-ovqat iste'molini kamaytirmadi [25]. H. alvei tana massasining o'rtacha, ammo barqaror kamayishi foydali metabolik ta'sirlari bilan birga tana vaznini uzoq muddatli boshqarish uchun xavfsizroq va samaraliroq strategiya bo'lishi mumkinligi ta'kidlab o'tilgan [26]. Olimlarning takidlashicha, H. alvei ning tana vaznini uzoq muddat boshqarish xususiyati lipidlarning so'rilishini kamaytirishi va to'yinganlik signali holatlarini hosil qilish xususiyatlari aniqlangan..
[27] . Shunday qilib, H. alvei yog'ning so'rilishini turli yo'llar bilan kamaytirishga asoslangan terapevtik strategiya bo'lishi mumkin. Asosan tartibsiz ovqatlanish odatlari va ovqatlanish xatti-harakatlariga e'tibor berilmaslik yog'ning so'rilishini noto'g'ri taqsimlanishi semizlikning asosiy sabablaridan biridir. Shunday yomon holatlarni oldini olish amalga oshirilishi mumkin. Shunday qilib, to'yinganlik signali, bemorga to'qlik hissi bilan birga,uzoq muddatli ta'sir ko'rsatishi mumkin
[28].
Shuni ta'kidlash kerakki, Hafnia alvei ning tanaga ta'siri hali ham o'rganilmoqda va uning potentsial foydalari va qo'llanilishini to'liq tushunish uchun ko'proq tadqiqotlar talab etiladi.
Yuqorida aytib o'tilganidek, H .alvei alfa-MSH ning konformatsion mimetik antigen bo'lgan kazeinolitik peptidaza B (ClpB) ortiqcha vazn va semirishda tana vaznini boshqarish uchun innovatsion va samarali yechim hisoblanadi.Tadqiqot probiotikning ortiqcha vaznli odamlarda va xatto semirishdan aziyat chekayotganlarda, haqiqiy hayot sharoitida, ya'ni kaloriya cheklovisiz samaradorligini tasdiqlagan.Eng muhimi, ushbu tadqiqot vaqt o'tishi bilan to'qlik hissini uzaytirishi, tana vaznini yo'qotishni kuchaytirgani tasdiqlagan.Klinik sinov muallifi xulosasiga ko'ra,Hafnia alvei ortiqcha tana vaznini nazorat qilish uchun parhez tavsiyalarining samaradorligini oshirishi aniqlangan.
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