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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN LINGUISTICS
A.K. Zulpukarova, Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor Osh State University (Kyrgyzstan, Osh)
DOI:10.24412/2500-1000-2024-4-1-200-202
Abstract. The use of information technologies in linguistics is the subject of the article. The main concepts of linguistics in connection with the use of computer technologies are under consideration. The main tasks of applied linguistics and how they relate to modern informational technologies are identified. Examples of the use of information technologies in modern linguistics and the problems arising from the use of them are given. The main purpose of the work is the demonstration of the importance of the application of information technology methods in the development of modern linguistics.
Keywords: linguistics, information technology, computer, applied linguistics, education, translation, linguistic corpus, machine translation, linguistic analysis, speech data, artificial intelligence.
Information technologies are an integral part of any professional activity in the modern world. This includes linguistics. If in the past the use of computers and related programs was not obligatory in linguistic research, translation and teaching, today it is obligatory for future foreign language teachers, translators and linguists.
It is necessary for future language teachers, translators and linguists to know how to use information technologies in their professional activity. In the modern world, mastery of information technologies is associated with such qualities as the ability to read and write. Nowadays, in a huge information space, a specialist with higher education should be able to navigate freely. Using the latest information technologies, computer systems and networks, he should have the necessary knowledge and skills in searching, processing and storing information.
One of the primary purposes of language is to convey information between people. Language is a form of information encoding. Already in the mid-20th century, special sciences studying information appeared: computer science and cybernetics. The computer in information exchange becomes a means of encoding, processing, storing, and transmitting large arrays of symbolic information. The name "information technology" was given to the set of laws, methods and means of acquisition, storage, transmission, distribution and
transformation of information with the help of computers [1]. If this concept is narrowed down for use in a specific field (language science), the term "information technologies in language science" is used, understood as a set of laws, methods and means of acquiring, storing, transmitting, distributing and transforming information about language and the laws of their operation with the help of computers.
Corpus linguistics is one of the most important applications of information technology in linguistic research. A corpus is a large collection of texts which are the subject of computer analysis. They include national and international corpora as well as specially collected corpora containing texts collected to study a particular language [4]. In linguistics, applied linguistic tasks are mainly called "information technology". It automates the creation of text dictionary, the morphological analysis of the word, the determination of the meaning of the polysemic word, the syntactic analysis of the phrase, the search for the word in the dictionary, the generation of phrases, and so on.
Analyzing large amounts of relevant text data to study language. Corpus data makes it possible to obtain more accurate statistics on specific questions, perform comparative analysis, and examine linguistic trends on a large scale. Software tools like Sketch Engine, AntConc, WordSmith, TextSTAT and others
are available for corpus analysis. They provide tools for filtering and selecting the right information, analyzing text, generating statistics, and more. For example, these programs allow searching for a certain word or phrase, finding word classes according to certain criteria, calculating text statistical parameters, determining word usage frequency, etc. [2].
Looking at the concept of the Information Society from a technical perspective, it is clear that computers and the Internet are the main technical means to collect, store, process, transmit and so on.
Linguistics in its general sense is primarily the science of language, describing and studying how it develops and evolves, focusing on the linguistic system and linguistic norms. Computer linguistics, however, is mainly concerned with applying and inventing computer methods to solve linguistic problems. In the English-language literature, the most common examples of the main tasks of computational linguistics are machine translation, information extraction from text, and the problem of humancomputer communication.
A very broad term, computational linguistics combines a number of scientific fields. It includes machine translation, computerized dictionaries, creating national machines and corpus, and so on. These fields, in turn, are broad concepts that combine several specific areas. Since computational linguistics is a scientific field that develops a mathematical model of natural language in human intellectual activity, the basis of computational linguistics is the use and development of language for computer systems. The topics of computational linguistics can be grouped from this perspective as follows:
- Natural language processing (syntactic, morphological, semantic analysis of the text);
- Automatic text translation systems;
- Selection of facts, information from text;
- Creation of expert systems - knowledge systems;
- Construction of questionnaires (dialogues);
- Optical recognition of symbols. (For example: Fine Reader);
- Automatic speech recognition;
- Automatic speech synthesis;
- Development of information retrieval systems;
- Corpus linguistics (including creation and use of electronic corpus of electronic texts);
- Creation of electronic dictionaries [3].
Computer science's task of extracting
information from text, and computer science more broadly, is directly related to natural language processing. These fields are often considered interchangeable. This is not the case. The boundary between them is becoming more and more blurred, and the tasks and goals are becoming more and more similar, but the main difference between the two fields lies in the tasks that they face.
An alternative definition would be "a field of artificial intelligence that deals with computer modeling of language acquisition in order to transfer information and to solve applied problems of automatic processing of text and language. This allows us to limit the field to the problems of the development of computer models of language acquisition for the purpose of transferring information and solving applied problems of automatic processing of text and language. It enables us to limit the field to the problems of the development of language software, hardware and technology [4].
Each area of computational linguistics is a new field in need of in-depth research. With the rapid development of computer science, new dimensions are opened up in advancing and developing computer technology, which has become the most important and integral part of the human community.
As a result of the widespread use of information technologies, the accumulation of vast amounts of digitized text and speech data, advances in artificial intelligence, and the mathematical modeling of natural language, a relatively new professional field, computational linguistics, has emerged and evolved.
With the ever-increasing amount of text in the world around us, finding the right document and understanding its content is a challenge. Abstracts and annotations of full-text documents are a solution to this problem. Abstracts and annotations of full-text documents are the solution to this problem, giving the reader an idea of the content of the source
documents and allowing assessment of the degree of necessity of reference to the full text of each work. New information is made known through abstracts and summaries. In other words, they allow the reader to learn a lot of new information in a short time.
The simplest automatic abstracting and annotation systems are the AutoSummarize function in MS Word, Intelligent Text Miner, Oracle Context, and Inxight Summarizer (a component of the AltaVista search engine) (IBM). However, selecting original fragments from the source document and combining them into a short text is the only way these programs can be used [5].
All these directions and many others are developing every day thanks to modern computer technologies. Today, there are many
systems and methods that help not only linguists, but also ordinary users in their interaction with a computer. Today, these services make everyday life easier for people. Tomorrow, they may allow artificial intelligence machines to communicate with people using natural language.
Conducted researches allowed to reveal systemic relations in computer linguistics terminology, analyze its interrelations with other systems of special vocabulary and general language. Information Technology has a direct influence on developing linguistics. Changes in language, or changes that need to be made, can be tracked in a short time thanks to new technologies. This is the reason why the development of computer linguistics as a science should be of special attention.
References
1. Karen Sparck Jones. How much has information technology contributed to linguistics? Information technology and scholarly disciplines, Ed. J.T. Coppock, Proceedings of a British Academy Symposium (1996). - London: The British Academy, 1999. - P. 109-127.
2. Castells, M. The information age: economy, society and culture / Per. c English Subsystem. Ed. O.I. Shkaratana. - M.: GU WShE, 2000. - 608 p.
3. Biber, D. (1994), 'Representativeness in Corpus Design', in Zampolli, Calzolari and Palmer (1994). - P. 377-407.
4. Evans R., Gazdar G. DATR: A Language for Lexical Knowledge Representation // Computational Linguistics. - 1996. - №22 (2). - P. 167-216.
5. Pereira, F. C. N. and Grosz, B. J. (1993) (eds.), Special Volume: Natural Language Processing, Artificial Intelligence 63 (1-2), 1-492.
ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ЛИНГВИСТИКЕ
А.К. Зулпукарова, канд. филол. наук, доцент Ошский государственный университет (Кыргызстан, г. Ош)
Аннотация. В статье рассматривается использование информационных технологий в лингвистике. Рассматриваются основные понятия лингвистики в связи с использованием компьютерных технологий. Определяются основные задачи прикладной лингвистики и их связь с современными информационными технологиями. Приводятся примеры использования информационных технологий в современной лингвистике и проблемы, возникающие при их использовании. Основной целью работы является демонстрация важности применения методов информационных технологий в развитии современной лингвистики.
Ключевые слова: лингвистика, информационные технологии, компьютер, прикладная лингвистика, образование, перевод, лингвистический корпус, машинный перевод, лингвистический анализ, речевые данные, искусственный интеллект.
