Information support transportation process multimodal system Текст научной статьи по специальности «Компьютерные и информационные науки»

деятельность региональных инновационных площадок (regional innovation sites)

DOI: 10.12731/2070-7568-2015-1-8-25 UDC 338.45

INFORMATION SUPPORT TRANSPORTATION PROCESS MULTIMODAL SYSTEM

Filippova N.A.

Background: is to improve information support for the organization and functioning of multimodal systems delivery modes of transport in the northern regions of the Russian Federation on the basis of the development of theoretical and methodological and practical provisions, criteria, methods and mathematical models.

Method or methodology of the work: a methodology placement vehicle logistics center (TLC) in the Nordic region, providing links all transport modes involved in the delivery of energy, developed a model to optimize the parameters of the transport network, usedfor traffic, the most effective schemes of delivery of goods in multimodal report, taking into account the specifics of the Nordic region, and funding.

Results: Studies have applied and may be used by the federal and regional authorities and management in the deve-

lopment of integrated programs for energy-Northern regions. Proposed in the theoretical research and methodological approaches are one way to increase the efficiency of the delivery of goods in the event of a little predictable situations on the route, TLC and transhipment points. The developed techniques are used and can be used to improve the northern region of the process control of cargo delivery.

Conclusion: There fore, based on the analysis of the status of the issue, it is quite obvious that the very topical area of optimization of the transport needs of the region to ensure the development and implementation of methods to improve the efficiency and quality of freight traffic by improving organizational structures and technology traffic control all transport space in the region.

Keywords: northern regions; multimodal system; information flows; transport and logistics system; transport and logistics center; the interaction modes.

ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ПЕРЕВОЗОЧНОГО ПРОЦЕССА МУЛЬТИМОДАЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

Филиппова Н.А.

Цель: состоит в повышении эффективности информационного обеспечения процесса организации и функционирования мультимодальных систем доставки грузов разными видами транспорта в Северные регионы РФ на

основе разработки теоретико-методологических и практических положений, критериев, методик, математических моделей.

Метод или методология проведения работы: разработана методология размещения транспортного логистического центра (ТЛЦ) в системе Северного региона, обеспечивающая связь всех видов транспорта участвующих в процессе доставки энергоносителей, разработана модель оптимизации параметров транспортной сети, используемых для движения транспорта, обоснованы оптимальные схемы доставки грузов в мультимодальном сообщении с учётом специфики Северного региона и финансирования.

Результаты: исследования имеют прикладной характер и могут быть использованы федеральными и региональными органами власти и управления при разработке комплексных программ для обеспечения энергоресурсами Северные регионы. Предлагаемые в работе теоретические исследования и методологические подходы являются одним из способов повышения эффективности доставки грузов при возникновении мало прогнозируемых ситуаций на маршруте, в ТЛЦ и пунктах перевалки грузов. Разработанные методики используются и могут быть использованы Северными регионами для совершенствования управления технологическим процессом доставки грузов.

Заключение. Поэтому, исходя из проведенного анализа состояния рассматриваемого вопроса, становится вполне очевидным, что весьма актуальным направлением опти-

мизации транспортного обеспечения потребности региона является разработка и реализация методов повышения эффективности и качества грузовых перевозок за счет совершенствования организационных структур и технологии управления перевозочным процессом на всем транспортном пространстве региона.

Ключевые слова: северные регионы; мультимодальная система; информационные потоки; транспортно-логи-стическая система; транспортно-логистический центр; взаимодействие видов транспорта.

Upon delivery of goods in the northern regions of Russia are large flows of goods are transferred from one mode of transport to another. It is especially important to carry out technological transshipment easily without departmental barriers and formalities. However, representatives of the various modes of transport to arrange transfer points bulky rediscount, rechecking. As a result, precious time is lost, broken rhythm of work transport huge amounts of money are spent. Cargo delivery time is several months warehouses. This leads to:

■ partial loss of fuel;

■ shortage of material handling machines, cars, warehouses and labor [5].

Therefore, a more effective forms of work organization and the legal relationship between the freight-forwarding services. Forms of organization of cargo and commercial work should be brought into full compliance with the requirements of development of the produc-

tive forces. Efficient operation of freight facilities will significantly reduce transport costs [8].

Information flows in the system of relations between the supplier and the customer determine the load and accompany the movement of material, transportation, and financial flows. The functions of information flows involve providing reliable information on the presence and movement of existing material objects conjecture market, stocks, routing and delivery of transport used, the conditions of the transactions and forms of payment.

Movement direction of information flow in the system of relations between the supplier and the consumer may agree with the direction of movement of the material until either be opposing him. So, if the directions are the same, then made the transfer of information on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the material flow as well as the transport used, the mode of transport, the time of arrival of cargo. In the case where the information flow is directed towards the material, it usually contains information about the acknowledgment of receipt of certain goods, their quality and quantity of state, as well as the possible future needs of the consumer.

Information flows, as the relationship between subjects and within the company, require precise organization of various input information and its use in the transportation process is performed according to logistics technology.

But in the functioning of the company along with logistical operations, there are many other areas of work, which also tend to use a variety of information flows, such flows are closely related to logistics

information flow, and together form a comprehensive flow of information logistics information system [2].

At the moment it becomes particularly important area of information provision, involves the collection, processing and transmission of information needed to make sound management decisions now.

For effective management of logistics information system is necessary to have reliable (reliable) information on the material, financial, traffic flows, both for input and output of the logistics system. But it is very important for the carriers' company is the technological and technical readiness for information exchange with the environment. This willingness to affect the efficiency of the core business of the company, which can be achieved only if there is a technologically and technically constructed internal logistics information systems company with a specific list of input and output parameters at all levels management decisions [9].

Efficient service to consumers of transport services, management and coordination of the work of many transport and logistics companies and intermediaries in cities and regions are not possible without the creation of territorial (regional) transport and logistics systems (RTLS). Coordinating and integrating the potential of these systems should be aimed at improving the efficiency of customer service due to the high quality of transport and logistics services, the introduction of modern logistics technology management of regional (territorial) material and related information and financial flows. The situation in the major cities of Russia requires a fundamentally new systems and cargo management technology based on terminal technology and logistics principles of physical distribution. In the development of logis-

tics technology transportation of goods in this study we used logistic strategies and provisions set forth in the works of the leading scientists in the field of transport logistics [4].

At the same time, foreign literature, the term «transport logistic» is not found. In [4] addresses the issues of traffic management of various cargoes, select carriers optimal route of the vehicle, ranging modes of transport, determining tariffs and negotiate their establishment.

In the works of Russian scientists, the term «transport logistics» is used quite widely. So the authors in their studies [3], given the characteristics of the transport operations carried out, considering the logistics of transport as part of the material logistics, focusing more on material logistics services - transport.

Most scientists in the field of transport and logistics suggest that components of the transport logistics are transported cargo traffic, modes of transport and technologies of the transportation process, as well as infrastructure (freight terminals, cargo handling and storage facilities, etc.). Therefore, under the transport logistics understood as a set of technical tools, methods and actions to organizational efficiency of cargo flows [4]. Stages of the logistics process between a consumer product and enterprise-manufacturer (or seller) include:

■ order for delivery of the goods;

■ loading - unloading of cargo;

■ cargo transportation;

■ acceptance of cargo.

Transport to become one of the key elements when considering the logistics and troubleshooting for the delivery of goods to the level

of functioning of enterprises, companies, cities, regions (oblasts), regions and states. At the same time, the transport itself can be considered as a complex system with its own laws of operation, and in this case, is authorized to talk about transport logistics.

Therefore, the investigation, research and development activities to address the logistics support of cargoes at their delivery to various distances for all modes of transport will allow:

■ reduce wasteful transportation and improve the ecological environment;

■ improve the quality of transport services to end-consumers.

Experience shows that the main requirements of the consumers to the transport services are:

■ reliable transportation;

■ minimum time (duration) of delivery;

■ regularity of delivery;

■ preservation of the goods;

■ convenience for the reception and delivery of goods;

■ perfect system of information and documentation;

■ possibility of obtaining reliable information about the conditions transportation and the location of the goods;

■ availability of additional services.

In both cases, the main problem is to ensure that the appropriate infrastructure (equipment transportation, loading - unloading, storage, information transmission system, etc.) which spanned the entire activity. In the works of the leading scholars in the field of transport

services are defined as a subtype of transport activities aimed at meeting the needs and characterized by the necessary technological, informational, legal and resource provision. Under the service is meant not only the transport of goods, and any operation that is not part of the transportation process, but associated with its preparation and implementation, such as packaging and labeling of goods, their packaging, interim storage, consolidation.

A new approach to transport, as part of a larger system has led to the consideration of the feasibility of the whole process of delivery from the shipper to the consignee, including materials handling, packaging, storage, unpacking and information flows that accompany the delivery. This has necessitated the creation of special logistics centers to improve the quality and completeness of the clientele to meet the demand for transportation.

Logistics centers should be considered as a system of realizing the relationship between the «three parties»:

■ suppliers;

■ consumers;

■ logistics intermediaries.

The undoubted advantage of their establishment and operation, together with the effective movement of material assets, is the provision of information and analytical nature on the basis formed by the database on the state of the market, its dissatisfaction, needs and options deals.

For effective logistics necessary to correctly identify the leading link logistic system, which is entrusted with the duty of the coordi-

nator of in order to achieve the planned objectives of the logistics system.

Technological processes in the logistics chain for delivery of goods to consumers, have their own characteristics, depending on the traffic characteristics (physico-mechanical and physico-chemical properties of the cargo, its volume and weight, the type of packaging), the amount of cargo (bulk cargo, break-bulk cargo, loads of packages, containers, full), the mode of transport and its carrying capacity, the nature of industrial facilities included in the transport process, the technological features of the process, service vehicles, and industry it.

In general, delivery of cargo to the consumer is distributed over a number of successive stages of the specific individual, often unrelated and performed by different entities. Therefore, the optimization of such a space-time system under the Nordic region is a rather complicated task.

To deliver goods on time in the North, and with less resources should be developed and implemented by a single process based on the integration of production, transportation and consumption. Under a single process is understood as a complex technology, in which on the basis of a systematic approach performed better integration of all elements of a logical system [10].

Amid rising demand for transport services, and even more significant increase in its term, freight logisticheskoi system as a whole and the individual sub-sectors are still a number of unresolved systemic problems:

■ lacks the necessary complexity in the management of the development and peration of freight logisticheskoi system;

■ transport not complete structural reforms;

■ high level of irregularity in the use of production capacity of the existing infrastructure;

■ state and pace of development of roads do not match the pace of motorization;

■ in all sectors of the transport complex continuing trend of aging of fixed assets and their inefficient use;

■ there are significant regional disparities in the development of the transport network;

■ insufficient technological level of transport systems.

Therefore, the strategic goal of the operation and development of the transport and logistics system is to ensure, by means of transport, economic growth and improve the quality of life for present and future generations of the country's population. In this connection the problem of transport and logistic system directly takes into account the following long-term socio-economic priorities of the state:

■ improvement of optimal control;

■ gradual transition from price control to free market prices;

■ creating conditions to ensure non-discriminatory access consumer transportation and logistics services to the transport infrastructure;

■ elimination of unnecessary administrative and economic barriers to competition transport operators;

■ use in cases where, for whatever reasons, direct competition in the market is not possible or is destructive system of public

tenders operators (in particular in the sector of local and regional transport);

■ commercialization use of transport infrastructure with the involvement of private operators;

■ improvement of access to transport on the basis of mechanisms of state regulation;

■ a gradual transition to a milder form of the state management (including voluntary certification);

■ support for small and medium-sized businesses in the transport sector;

■ encouraging consolidation of transport business in some segments of the market.

Developing the transport system should not be a monopoly, thus leaving each mode its operations in the transport area of the country, region, city or municipality. Coordination of all transport modes (which is very difficult in terms of the diversity of ownership of transport, freight forwarding, repair and service companies) will increase the capacity of transport networks in order to improve the viability of modern society and the degree of satisfaction of its needs for transport services.

For the development of logistics technology freight requires a systems approach as a set of interrelated subsystems united by a common purpose: to achieve synergy.

Another important source of increasing the intensity of use of the vehicles is to coordinate the work of various modes of transport, improve the efficiency in the use of multi-modal technologies, which fa-

cilitates the introduction of technology combined transport of goods, ensuring uninterrupted their «door to door», the centralization of forwarding service, the feasibility of using trans-facilities, warehouses and labor in transport nodes [6].

Equally important is the development of land transport modes, adapted to work in the North. Increasing the capacity of vehicles, increased permeability and reducing staff. The use of all of these steps will increase the efficiency of the transport service of the Northern regions.

Applying the principles of logistics is crucial. When the intelligent transport systems logistics technologies become available not only for large companies, but also for individual enterprises. On the one hand increasing competition in the business of logistics, on the other hand, the problems of logistics management contributes to the development of intelligent transport systems. Intelligent transportation systems provide the basic condition of the optimization of logistic systems - integration of information and access to it at any time during the transport process to all participants through the following functions: Data shippers, carriers and consignees are integrated into a single flow of information; all participants in the supply chain have a direct and immediate access to the data; control of all cargo operations and shipment tracking is done automatically with the conduct of electronic document.

The use of intelligent transport systems (ITS) in the Nordic region to ensure - the integration of information and access to it at any time period all participants in the transport process due to the following: [1]

■ data shippers, carriers and consignees are integrated into a single flow of information;

■ all participants of transportation process have a direct and immediate access to the data;

■ management of all cargo operations and shipment tracking is done automatically with the conduct of electronic document.

One of the main features of the traffic management in the conditions of the ITS is to solve problems, optimize routes of vehicles in real time [7].

Therefore, when solving optimization problems of traffic routes in real time, consider the following features:

■ ITS provide a solution to problems of optimization and selection of the route of the vehicle at any time;

■ the collection, transmission and processing of information about the vehicles and routes should be carried out in a continuous manner with the aim of having it for the last time;

■ models, algorithms and software must be able to solve the problem of optimizing routes and at any given time, taking into account the real state of the route;

■ vehicle equipment and technical means of the organization of movement on the route must be capable of receiving and implementation of management information in real time;

■ the time of collection, processing (modeling, calculation), information transmission, reception and implementation of the control action must comply with real-time, ie, rerouting (modes) of the motion should be adequately state route traffic.

The practical value of this is the possibility of a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of the design and management decisions and optimization of the transport operation in ITS.

Scope of application of intelligent transport systems is constantly expanding, respectively, and increases the capacity of the market of hardware and software, increasing amounts of funding for the development of ITS [1].

Thus, the development of the road network of year-round, the construction of the railway communication and the involvement of other modes of transport, is one of the most important factors in improving the efficiency of the continuous supply of goods.

Currently in solving operational management freight trend widespread use of economic-mathematical methods and simulation of the transportation process.

Therefore, based on the analysis of the status of the issue, it is quite obvious that the very topical area of optimization of the transport needs of the region to ensure the development and implementation of methods to improve the efficiency and quality of freight traffic by improving organizational structures and technology traffic control all transport space in the region.

References

1. Konoplyanko V.I, Kocherga V.G. Ziryanov V.V. The use of satellite navigation systems in traffic management. Modern problems of road - transport complex. Rostov n / d, 1998.

2. Cristofer M. Logistics and Supply Chain Management. - SPb, 2004. 316 p.

3. Lunskii B.S. Berejnoi V.I., Berejnaya E.V. Logistics of truck transport: Textbook. Finance and Statistics, 2004, 368 p.

4. Mirotin L.B. Tashbaev I.E. Gudkov V.A. Transport logistics: Textbook / Obsch. red. L.B. Mirotina. - 2nd ed. Stereotip. - M.: Publisher «Examination», 2005.

5. Miroslavskay S.V. Multimodal and intermodal transportation. -Moscow, 2001.

6. Nikolin V.I. Motor transport process and the optimization of its elements. - M.: Transportation, 1990. P. 192.

7. Filippova N.A. Information technology for freight transportation.

Modern problems of information in engineering and technologies. Voronezh, 2004. Pp. 174-175.

8. Filippova N.A Improvement of transport services of the Northern region. Logistics: Looking to the future. - Moscow, 2004. Pp. 167171.

9. Stock R., Lambert M. Douglas. Strategic Logistics Management McGraw-Hill, Irwin, 2001.

10. Aldaihani, Majid. Hybrid scheduling methods for paratransit operations / Majid Aldaihani, Maged M. Dessouky. Computers & Industrial Engineering. 2003. Vol. 45. Pp. 75-96.

Список литературы

1. Коноплянко В.И., Кочерга В.Г., Зырянов В.В. Использование навигационных спутниковых систем при управлении дорожным движением // Сб. трудов междунар. НТК «Современные

проблемы дорожно-транспортного комплекса». - Ростов н/Д, 1998.

2. Кристофер М. Логистика и управление цепочками поставок / Пер. англ. - СПб: Питер, 2004. 316 с.

3. Лукинский B.C., Бережной В.И., Бережная Е.В. и др. Логистика автомобильного транспорта: Учебное пособие. - М.: Финансы и статистика, 2004. 368 с.

4. Миротин Л.Б., Ташбаев Ы.Э., Гудков В.А. и др. Транспортная логистика: Учебник / Под общ. ред. Л.Б. Миротина. - 2-е изд., стереотип. - М.: Издательство «Экзамен», 2005. 512 с.

5. Милославская С.В. Мультимодальные и интермодальные перевозки. - М., 2001.

6. Николин В.И. Автотранспортный процесс и оптимизация его элементов. - М.: Транспорт, 1990, С. 192.

7. Филиппова (Дауэнгауэр) Н.А. Информационные технологии при перевозке грузов // Современные проблемы информатизации в технике и технологиях: Сборник трудов. Вып. 9. «Научная книга». - Воронеж, 2004, С. 174-175.

8. Филиппова (Дауэнгауэр) Н.А. Совершенствование транспортного обслуживания Северного региона // Логистика: Взгляд в будущее. - Москва, 2004, С. 167-171.

9. Stock R., Lambert M. Douglas. Strategic Logistics Management McGraw-Hill, Irwin, 2001.

10. Aldaihani, Majid. Hybrid scheduling methods for paratransit operations / Majid Aldaihani, Maged M. Dessouky // Computers & Industrial Engineering. 2003. Vol. 45. Рр. 75-96.

DATA ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Filippova Nadezhda Anatolievna, Ph. D., Associate Professor, Department of «Road transport»

State Technical University - MADI

Leningradsky prospekt, 64, Moscow, 125319, Russian Federation

e-mail: madizp@mail.ru

ДАННЫЕ ОБ АВТОРЕ

Филиппова Надежда Анатольевна, кандидат технических наук, доцент

Московский автомобильно-дорожный государственный технический университет

Ленинградский проспект, 64, г. Москва, 125319, Российская Федерация

e-mail: madizp@mail.ru