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7INFLUENCE OF FRUITER ON THE MORBIDITY WITH WILT OF COTTON
PLANT Usmonov O.I.
Usmonov Oybek Ilhomjonovich - Master's Student, DIRECTION: PLANT PROTECTION (BIOLOGICAL PROTECTION), ANDIJAN INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE AND AGROTECHNOLOGIES, ANDIJAN, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article discusses the influence of fruiter on the morbidity with wilt of cotton plants. Inserting and utilization of high tolerant sorts of cotton plant to wilt in production are considered to be effective ways of fighting against wilt.
Keywords: influence, morbidity, irrigation, affects disease, sort, and tolerance to, cotton plant.
UDC 63142763351
One of the effective measures of fighting against wilt of cotton plant is inserting and utilization of high tolerant sorts of cotton plant to this disease in production, such as Andijan(35,36,37). These sorts of cotton plant supply high harvest of raw cotton.
However, we know from the history of cotton production, that any sorts of cotton plant become sensitive to wilt after definite time and get diseased strongly in the result of permanent cultivation of cotton plant on the same fields. It enables to accumulate a rather aggressive form of fungus- causative agent of wilt in the soil.
In order to study the growth of affection of different sorts of cotton plant tolerant to wilt, we carried out a perennial experiment in the field of old-a-bush and crop rotation with natural affection by wilt of Tillaboev farm in Izboskan region of Andijan province. In this field we sowed the cotton plant Namangan -77 for 4 years. This sort of cotton plant was diseased by wilt more than 52% in mid stage up to 23% and in a strong stage up to 17,8 %, though we rooted out and removed the cotton plant. The soil is light brown of old irrigation, non-saline, ground water lies deeper than 5m. The studied sorts Andijan-35 - more tolerant to wilt, and Namangan-77 less tolerant were sowed after the culture- predecessors with one or two years. Cotton mono culture served as the control.
We carried chilly flash in the depth of 30-32 cm at the end of November annually. We put mineral fertilizers of azoth-2—kg/ha, phosphor- 160 kg/ha and potassium-60 kg/ha; 80 kg/ha of phosphor and 60 kg/ha of potassium were put under chill, and the rest were put in the period of sowing and in addition to azoth fertilizers. The cotton plants were uprooted and removed. During vegetation we irrigated the land 3-4 times. The registration of weight condition and development of cotton plant showed that, according to the main stem and accumulation of fruitful organs, crop rotation plots had a considerable peculiarity comparing to the old-timer: here the two-year-old cultivation of crop rotation feed cultures was found out to be more effective than a-year-old one.
Table 1. Influence ofpredecessors on the morbidity with wilt of cotton plant and the harvest of raw cotton
Predecessors Morbidity of cotton plant with wilt in the dynamics %
Namangan-77 Andijan-35 Harvest of raw cotton, c/ha
1 VIII 1 IX 15 IX 1 VIII 1 IX 15 IX Namangan-77 Andijan-35
1 Control-monoculture 18,7 31,8 43,5 6,6 14,8 21,5 27,8 31,4
2 Corn and silage (two crops) 10,6 16,2 34,3 2,0 6,2 11,3 30,8 34,6
3 Winter wheat and corn with silage 11,3 18,3 33,7 2,4 8,8 12,4 30,5 354,2
4 Corn and silage (two slopes in summer) 8,7 9,8 27,0 1,8 7,1 11,4 31,7 36.5
5 Role of ciders and corn with silage 3,3 7,4 19,1 0,3 2,5 5,0 34,3 37,2
6 Two-year-old alfalfa (in the 1st year together with corn) 8,4 12,7 31,6 0,4 2,2 5,3 35,1 41,6
7 Two-year-old alfalfa in the 1st year under the barley 8,2 11,6 30,5 0,5 2,8 5,2 34,2 39,4
8 Two-year-old alfalfa 8,8 16,4 37,4 1,1 3,6 6,5 31,6 36,8
Besides that, the level of wilt appear and affecting of the sorts of cotton plant changes sharply depending on growing (table). In the field with cotton mono culture (control) morbidity and temps of disease were the highest.
Decrease of the morbidity of both sorts of cotton plant gave birth to corn and silage. After two-year-old alfalfa, the affecting of the sorts of cotton plant-Namangan-77 doubled. Besides that, due to the reservoir of alfalfa and corn plants, we did not mention strongly diseased ones. In control they composed more than a half of all the diseased ones.
During annual utilization of rust in silage, the morbidity of the sort of cotton plant-Andijan-35 did not exceed 5-8% for 3 years. In the field with old bushes this sort was affected up to 10-12% in the first year of sowing, in the second year it exceeded to19-20, 4 %, and in the 3rd year up to 30%. The affecting of the sort of cotton plant -Namangan-77 decreased considerably in the field with silage.We can conclude that, a correct placing of new sorts of cotton plant in fruiting enables to reserve the continuation of their tolerance to wilt disease.
References
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3. [Electronic Resource]. URL: http: www.phytopatology.com/ (date of access: 22.09.2021).
