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INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITIES OF HANDBALL PLAYERS IN THE GAME COURT Batirov S.S.
Batirov Sokhibjon Sodikjonovich - Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF TEACHING PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT SCIENCES, FACULTY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION AND PHYSICAL CULTURE, NAMANGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, NAMANGAN, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article highlights the important features of handball, its main rules and objectives, defining the special activities of handball players in the game area. It is noteworthy that the author not only clarifies the game rules, but also primary attention is directed towards how to teach players handball and its difficult points. Moreover, the author suggests several measurements to ease those challenges in the sport environment. Furthermore, the role of game dynamics, further actions and training of sportsmen in handball is also defined.
Keywords: handball, offensive, defensive, central player, midfielder, wing player, line player, goalkeeper.
Handball is a team game, with 7 players on the court during the game. The aim of the team is to score as many goals in the rival team's gate as possible and to miss as less goals in their own gate as possible. To succeed in a team game, each player's actions must be commensurate with the overall aim of the team. Each player in the team, depending on their performance on the court, goalkeepers and players on the court in offence and defense are assigned as follows:
❖ Center back (CB)- A player positioned largely around the midcourt who initiates the offensive play, shoots or tries to penetrate the defence; also called a "playmaker";
❖ Left back (LB)- A player positioned on the left hand side of the middle back carrying out action in the second line of the attack;
❖ Left-handed player- A Player using and throwing with his left hand;
❖ Left wing (LW)- A player positioned on the left side of the court;
❖ Line player (LP) -Playing position in attack;
❖ Right back (RB)- A player positioned on the right hand side of the middle back carrying out action in the second line of the attack;
❖ Right-handed player- Player using and throwing with his right hand;
❖ Right wing (RW)-A player positioned on the right side of the court.
A player's activity is defined not only as a game technique and tactical action, but also as a set of dynamic movements for a common purpose. The success of a handball player depends on the strength, variety, physical and intellectual level of his skills.
Modern handball puts great demands on the activities and functional training of players. During the tournament, the player does a great job. During the game, he runs 4000-6500 meters. When attacking quickly and returning from the attack, the handball player moves up to 50 times and jumps forward, which is 25% of the distance traveled during the game. High-speed running should be commensurate with hanging, passing and shooting the ball. Handball activities include: walking, running, jumping, passing and receiving the ball, and throwing the ball at the opponent's goal. All of the players mentioned above have different methods of play. For example: a player can run at a very high speed of 2 to 10 meters in the defensive course and travel 600 meters during the game. However, according to some literature, the central defender runs 730 meters and the winger runs 400 meters.
For example: a central player and a midfielder extend the ball 2-3 times more than the wing player and 6-8 times more than the player on the line. This is because the performance
depends on the players on the court. The wing players are evident during the transition from attack to defense, from defense to attack. Wing players make a lot of quick runs during the positioning game. The requirement to run short distances during the game is centered on the central defenders. They run at a maximum speed of 50-120 times during the game to try to undermine the opponent's offensive plans. The jump in comparison with other players is made by the player moving in the midfield.
However, the total number of jumps during the game is small. On average, each player makes up to 20 jumps. This figure applies to both men's and women's teams, and may vary slightly. Handball is such a fast-paced game that it embraces non-standard action and dynamic action. This depends on the state of the game on the court. The player's active actions are his quick moves on the court, the ball movement, the one-on-one rivalry, and the slow movement of the ball without slowing down and stopping.
The goalkeeper's performance is fundamentally different from that of the field player. Different jumps, instantaneous movement, movement of hands and feet, and transfer of the ball are the main components of goalkeeper play. After the goalkeeper passes the ball to his teammates, the goalkeeper begins to slow down.
The goalkeeper's active and passive periods change between 10 and 40 seconds. The goalkeeper's heart rate will be 144-176 minutes per minute during a match against a strong opponent, and 120-162 in a minute with a weak opponent. The goalkeeper's heart rate during the game (60 minutes) ranges from 8,000 to 9600.
In order to carry out the strategic tasks of handball, game preparation combines physical, technical, tactical, intellectual and special psychological training into a single game system. The course of the game is to combine all types of preparations in order to make the game successful and to improve the skills and team spirit of the players.
A trainer who coaches a handball team will need to find ways to balance some of the deficiencies in handball skills while nurturing their individual skills. For example:
❖ If the player's physical training is idle, it can be supplemented by well-developed physical characteristics. For tall players, it is possible to achieve the desired results through the targeted development of physical qualities such as agility, leverage and agility;
❖ Some deficiencies can be achieved by nurturing other traits, such as developing a high-speed player's reaction to the lack of speed and improving deceptive behavior;
❖ deficiency of physical abilities with high level of playing technique, good ability to prevent the ball from lacking speed during defense;
❖ the ability to shoot well at long range as a result of mastering the ability to transfer and receive the ball, as well as its deceptive behavior;
Coaches should consider whether there is some disadvantage in choosing an athlete or positioning a team or forming a team.
In the preparation of the game great attention is paid to control games. In these games, the coach will determine the level of training and teamwork of each player at this stage. In addition, this type of training will allow the team to make adjustments to the team before the tournament starts, to distribute the power correctly throughout the game, to ensure that players are able to enter the game quickly and provide mental training after the change.
In defensing several tactics are used, for example:
> Blocking the ball- Basic defensive element: stopping a shot by using hands;
> Man marking -Defensive strategy where a defender is assigned a specific opposition player to guard rather than covering an area of the court;
> Getting the rebound - Catching the ball that bounces back after a shot;
> Holding the opponent - Physical contact to stop the opponent's movement towards a scoring opportunity;
> Interception of the ball- Stop and catch the ball before it reaches a particular place (e.g. to intercept a pass);
> Man-to-man defense systems- Opposed to zone defense, here the players try to mark the opponents closely and prevent them from even getting the ball.
> Combined defense system -Player(s) in the defending team have man marking tasks, the others use a zone defense;
> Stealing the ball - Taking ball possession when the opponent is holding or bouncing the ball;
> Tackling - Physically holding the opponent in order to prevent shooting;
> Zone defence systems - Can be 6:0 (six players on the goal area line), 5: 1 (5 players on the goal area line, one player in front of them), 4: 2, 3:2: 1 (open defence), 3:3, 1: 5 (open defence).
References
1. Things You Didn't Know About Handball. Olympics. IOC. 10 June, 2016. Archived from the original on 19 July, 2018. Retrieved 19 July, 2018.
2. "IHF Rules of the Game: Regulations on Protective Equipment and Accessories" (PDF). Nederlands Handbal Verbond. Retrieved 3 January, 2019.
3. Cuddon John Anthony. The Macmillan Dictionary of Sports and Games. P. 393. Macmillan, 1980. ISBN 0-333-19163-3.
TECHNICS AND RULES OF VOLLEYBALL Imindjanov R.A.
Imindjanov Rustamjon Akhmadjonovich - Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF TEACHING PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT SCIENCES, FACULTY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION AND PHYSICAL CULTURE, NAMANGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, NAMANGAN, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: volleyball differs from other sports by its essence, content and character. The volleyball is played on a small, rectangular 18x9 meter rectangular playground that is relatively small in size. Modern volleyball is very rich in various game skills and tactical combinations, and goes with great speed and speed. Therefore, the aforementioned features of volleyball require players to have excellent technical skills. The wider the technical skill in the games and the better the impression of external influences, the more chances you have to win. This article highlights the important points of this game. Keywords: ball, court, opponent team, issues, indoor volleyball, outdoor volleyball.
Pastor William Morgan, in Holyoke, Massachusetts, United States, developed our favorite volleyball game in 1895. V. Morgan has developed the rules of the game, considering the simple, cost-effective organization of volleyball. In 1896, Dr. Alfred Halsted, the director of Springfield College, called the game volleyball. Volleyball is an English word that means "flying ball" in Uzbek. Volleyball is a team game which has six players that play on either side of the net. A set of rules decide the score that each team is able to make against the other team. The game begins with a player from one team throwing the ball using hand or arm over the net so that the opposite team can receive it on their court.
The basic rule is to prevent the received ball from hitting the ground so that it can be thrown back to the other team with up to 3 touches from the team. A foul happens if one person from the team touches the ball more than twice (double-hit) while it's on their side of the net. Also, a team scores a point by throwing the call across the net to the other team's side such that it hits the ground directly or the player fails to send it back over the net.
