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Hamdamov E.D.
2nd year basic doctoral student Department of Economic and Social Geography National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek
IN RECREATION GEOGRAPHY, THEORETICAL BASIS OF STUDYING THE CONCEPT OF REGIONAL RECREATION SYSTEMS
Abstract. In this article, information is given about the seasonal and regional structure of recreation systems and their types, and at the same time, information is given about scientists who studied regional recreation systems and their scientific works.
Key words: Regional recreation systems, Recreational resources, "Recreational systems", Tourism-recreational systems, Group of service providers, Transport system, Recreational infrastructure.
When talking about regional recreation systems, first of all, it is necessary to understand the meaning of this term. HRT (Regional recreation systems) is a complex economic system, that is, health and treatment facilities (various sanatoriums, recreation organizations, motels, camping sites, camps), sports facilities, excursion facilities, and consists of road and transport networks.
In the field of recreation geography, the first interest in the concept of territorial recreation systems (HRT) was from the 60s of the last century by scientists of the former Soviet Union. V.A. Kvartalnov, I.V. Started by Zorin, these scientists called this term not HRT, but recreation system and defined it as follows. They defined the recreation system as a complex socially controlled (partially self-controlled) system.
To date, various definitions of HRT have been given by many Russian scientists. Including:
V.S. Preobrazhensky - Territorial recreation systems is a socio-geographical system, defined as a territorial complex consisting of natural and cultural complexes, engineering structures, service personnel and vacationers.
T.V. Nikolayenko defines that the regional recreation system is a form of organization of recreational activities in a certain area, and within it is the interdependence of various systems involved in the implementation of the recreational function of a certain area.
M.A. Sarancha defined that the regional recreation system is a complex and multifaceted social phenomenon, the purpose of which is to meet the touristic and recreational needs of people, respecting the interests of all parties involved in this process.
Many concepts and terms appear in science and go through several stages and change before reaching this day. Therefore, the study and development of the concept of regional recreation systems is divided into several stages. This concept
is mainly studied by Russian scientists, and Russian scientists are also involved in its division into stages.
The history of the study of regional recreation systems (HRT) in recreation geography is divided into 3 stages.
The first stage - including the 60s of the 20th century, the concept of "Recreational systems" was used in the scientific literature of this period. At this stage, Russian scientists I.V. Zorin and V.A. Kvartalnov conducted research on HRT, and scientists defined that "HRT is a complex socially controlled system, the central system of which is tourism entities, whose main task is to fully satisfy the needs of vacationers." they give.
The second stage includes the 70s and 80s of the 20th century. In the 70s, the object of study of recreation geography changed to "tourist-recreational systems" (TRT). During this period, a team of experts from the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences (V.S. Preobrazhensky, Y.A. Vedenin, I.V. Zorin, V.N. Lekhonov, L.I. Mukhina, L.S. Filippovich, etc.) published a collective monograph "Theoretical Foundations of Recreational Geography" and at the same time, HRT the scientific concept was changed as follows. "HRT refers to the interaction of a group of vacationers, natural and cultural complexes, technical facilities, service personnel and management bodies."
The scientist Y.A. Vedenin, who conducted research during this period, developed 2 main types of HRT.
1. The lens is centered. in its center are recreational areas. Recreational resources, service providers and infrastructure are located there, there are recreational service systems;
2. Subjectively centered. Here, the main object of study is a group of people who satisfy certain recreational needs and have a demand for them.
The third stage - including the 90s of the 20th century, during this period significant research on HRT was carried out by T.V. Nikolaenko, in his research, the scientist defines HRT as a form of organization of recreational activities in a certain area, explaining that it is the interaction of various systems involved in the implementation of recreational tasks of this area.
From the above information, we can understand that the scientist who first used the concept of territorial recreation systems in recreation geography V.S. Being Preobrazhensky, the scientist defines the object of recreation geography as researching territorial issues of the formation and development of regional recreation systems.
As a science, recreation geography belongs to the family of social geographical sciences. Because the main function of regional recreation systems is social. based on this, 4 main types of regional recreation systems are distinguished. 1. Treatment, 2. Health, 3. Sports, 4. Knowledge.
Based on the above information, we can define regional recreation systems as follows.
Regional recreation systems are the interaction of service systems, recreational infrastructures, recreation resources, service providers and other components gathered in the area where there are certain natural and historical-cultural recreational resources in order to meet the recreational needs of the population. it is said.
Within the scope of recreation geography, we can see regional recreation systems and their formation and development in the research of many Russian scientists. Among them: N.M. Sajneva, one of the first within the framework of HRT, considered the features of creation and development of recreation systems of the seaside oasis type. N.M. Sajneva assessed the recreational potential of the steppe areas of the southwestern part of the former Soviet Union and subsequently identified the limiting factors.
L.A. Galachiyeva studied the characteristics of the formation and development of the territorial recreation complex (HRK) of the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria
N.N. Staroverkina, in his work, comprehensively assessed the tourism and recreational potential of the Republic of Kalmykia. He considered in detail the regional natural conditions for the development of tourism and recreation.
M.S.Oborin dealt with issues of systematic study of HRT. He used a systematic methodology to create an ecological-social-economic system structure on the example of the Ust-Kachkin resort-recreation area.
A. E. Vasiliyeva analyzed the territorial organization of the recreation economy of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Recreational economy means accommodation of recreationists, transportation, means of communication and advertising, public catering, recreation and treatment facilities, organizations providing recreational services, as well as secondary and higher vocational training and retraining. understands the vocational education system.
Y.I. Smolyakova reviewed the structure, resources and development features of tourist and recreational complexes in the Republic of Adygea. This researcher identified the main problems of the development of touristic and recreational activities in the region. For the formation of a regional recreation system (HRT) in a certain area, the components of the HRT must exist and interact with each other.
The components of regional recreation systems are as follows.
- Recreational resources,
- Group of vacationers,
- Group of service providers,
- Transport system,
- Composed of recreational infrastructure and others.
Recreational resources are the first component in the creation of a regional recreation system. Recreational resources are natural and historical-cultural objects that satisfy the recreational needs of the population. The main
characteristics of recreational resources are: attractiveness, climatic conditions, importance of excursion, landscape component, uniqueness, etc.
Recreational resources are a set of natural-technical, natural, socioeconomic complexes and their elements that contribute to the recovery and development of a person's spiritual and physical strength, his working capacity. With a modern and forward-looking structure of recreational needs and technical and economic opportunities, they are used for direct and indirect consumption and for the provision of spa and tourism services. Recreational resources are divided into two main groups: natural and historical-cultural.
References:
1. M.L. Nekrasova. "Territorial Tourist and Recreational Systems: A Strategic Approach to the Formation and Development of a Competitive Tourism Industry in the Russian Federation."
2. N.M.Sajneva. "Territorial organization of coastal recreational systems of the oasis type of development (based on materials from the Western Azov region)": abstract. Ph.D. geo. Sci. L., 1988.
3. L.A.Galachieva. "Formation and development of the territorial and recreational complex of Kabardino-Balkaria": abstract. Ph.D. Stavropol, 2006.
4. N.N.Staroverkina. "Comprehensive assessment of the tourism and recreational potential of the Republic of Kalmykia": abstract. geo. Stavropol, 2007.
5. M.S.Oborin. "System-dialectical methodology (system approach) as a tool for studying resort and recreational systems of different hierarchical levels // Regional studies." No. 3. 2010. pp. 54-61.
