CC BY
8ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ (TECHNICAL SCIENCE) УДК 615.014.4.
Myrzabekov T.K.
Master's degree student, faculty of «Transport, transport equipment and technologies» Kazakh agrotechnical University of S. Seifullina (Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan)
IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF COLD TRANSPORT IN A CONTINUOUS COLD CHAIN SYSTEM
Abstract: transportation of perishable goods (LNG) is one of the strategically important links in transport logistics, which puts all participants in transportation in a strict framework of compliance with the terms of delivery of goods at all stages of the continuous cold chain (NCC), ensuring their safety and quality. The uncertainty of the process, the complexity of forming a full-fledged group or route shipment, and the need for strict compliance with delivery times that do not exceed the storage period of LNG complicate the modeling of a transport system that works with "cold" cargo. Nevertheless, ensuring timely delivery of quality food is a necessary condition for social stability of the society.
Keywords: continuous cold chain, temperature and humidity regime, reduction of commodity losses, risk analysis, significance of consequences, probability of occurrence, violation of storage conditions.
One of the priority areas for obtaining environmentally friendly food products with a long shelf life is the use of artificial cold. At the same time, changes in global public opinion caused by the principle of "short links" between consumers and manufacturers of products (i.e. reorientation to the use of native products), as well as the need to save natural resources in the light of the concept of sustainable development require serious study of the environmental aspects of the refrigeration industry [1].
The use of refrigeration technologies is closely related to the problem of providing food resources: the problem often lies not in the fact that food resources are exhausted, but in the fact that the loss of agricultural products on the way from the field to the consumer's table reaches significant values. Currently, the world produces about 4 billion tons of food products, half of which require refrigeration, but only a quarter of them are processed, and about 30% of the products do not reach the consumer. Thus, the implementation of modern methods of low-temperature technologies significantly minimizes the loss of resources of plant and animal origin.
The continuous cold chain (NCC) plays a crucial role in reducing losses and preserving the quality of perishable food products along the entire route from the producer to the consumer. The development and improvement of NCC is given a lot of attention in the scientific literature, but it should be noted that research in this area mainly relates to individual links in the chain: storage of food raw materials, refrigeration transport, industrial refrigerators, trade objects and does not cover the consideration and analysis of the entire chain of delivery of chilled or frozen products [2].
Considering the NCC as a single system, and individual links as subsystems in which technological processes are performed in the same production conditions, we can assume that this will ensure the same nature of changes in product quality indicators in the NCC process [3]. At the same time, various perturbations may be imposed on the processes taking place in real conditions, which will inevitably lead to certain violations in the technology. For example, during cold storage and transportation, disturbances can be in the form of a violation of a stable temperature regime due to:
• storage receipts for products with a temperature higher than nominal;
• delayed defrosting of heat exchangers;
• performing loading and unloading operations;
• violations of thermal insulation of enclosing structures;
• changes in ambient temperatures are higher than calculated, and so on.
The less disturbances affect the process, the more stable the product quality will
be.
In the conditions of the NCC, when storing and transporting products, despite the fact that the main objective function must be fulfilled - the constancy of temperature conditions in all parts, in real conditions, temperature deviations from the standard values are inevitable [4]. Therefore, knowing the numerical value of the initial resistance of the product to storage and real storage conditions, the nominal (for conditions established by regulatory documents) and actual (for real storage conditions) rate of resistance drop can be determined [5].
IT is possible to find rational values of the main parameters of the processes of refrigeration processing and storage, taking into account the properties of specific types of raw materials and products, acceptable storage periods, determine the feasibility of using certain types of refrigeration and refrigeration equipment, refrigerating agents and coolants, and minimize the cost of cold production.
REFERENCE:
Belozerov G. A. The role of cold in ensuring environmental friendliness of products / / Storage and processing of agricultural raw materials, 2010, no. 7, pp. 56-58; Semenov A. A., Veretov L. A., Bolshakov O. V., Koreshkov V. N. Connected by one refrigerating chain// All about meat, 2011, No. 6;
Lisitsyn A. B., Barabanshchikova V. S. Continuity of the cold chain-the guarantee of weaving and safety of meat products //All omasa, 2012, No. 3; Malikov, O. B. Organization of delivery of perishable goods to the refrigerating terminal of the departure station / O. B. Malikov, K. A. zhuraboev / / ISSN 1815-558X. Proceedings of Petersburg transport University. - 2012. - No. 2. - P. 55-61; Raven, O. A. Aspects of improving railway transportation of perishable goods as part of a continuous cold chain / O. A. Raven, I. G. MORCHILADZE // Transport. - 2014. №1(50). - Pp. 40-45.
