CC BY
4
UDC: 378.30
Qodirova G. T. teacher
department of foreign languages faculty of agro engineering and hydro melioration Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agro technologies
Uzbekistan, Andijan
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF INDEPENDENT WORK OF STUDENTS AS A PROBLEM OF HIGHER SCHOOL
Annotation: The analysis of the problem in practice shows that today the independent work of students in the credit-module system of education is not properly organized, because there is no clear definition of the scope and types of educational tasks for independent work, students have insufficient skills of independent work. As a result, low efficiency and lack of interest in tasks for self-study prevails.
Key words: students, independent work, skills, activity, learning, motivation.
In the modern scientific literature there are different approaches to the definition of independent work. Some authors characterize it as a specific type of educational and cognitive activity, which is carried out individually or in groups during classroom classes or at home on the instructions of the teacher, according to his guidelines, but without his direct participation.
Student's independent work is the main means of mastering educational material in free time from classroom activities.
The student's independent work includes:
❖ processing of educational material,
❖ performance of individual tasks,
❖ research work, etc.
P. Podkasisty distinguishes the following types of independent work:
• independent work on the sample (the work is performed on the basis of the sample, detailed instructions, so the level of cognitive activity and independence does not go beyond reproductive activity);
• reconstructive independent work (intellectual and practical actions of students on reconstruction, transformation of educational texts and available experience of the decision of the tasks offered for independent performance);
• independent work of variable type (cognitive activity and independence of students is expressed in the implementation of generalizations in the analysis of the problem situation, in the separation of significant from secondary; during the implementation of this type of work is the accumulation of new experience);
• creative independent work (cognitive activity and independence of the student reaches the highest level, the student receives fundamentally new knowledge, the values of material and spiritual culture).
From the principle of accessibility, we get that accessibility does not mean ease of learning, and the function of the teacher is not to infinitely facilitate the work of students to independently acquire, comprehend and assimilate knowledge: help, guide, reveal the incomprehensible through the clear, give a thread for independent analysis, encourage? this is the routine of affordable learning.
The process of independent work of the student depends, first of all, on his readiness for this type of activity. The motivating factor is one of the most important aspects of the problem of independent work. Learning is more successful if the student has a positive motivation, cognitive interest (cognitive activity), the need to acquire knowledge, a sense of duty, responsibility and other motives.
The formation of positive motivation of students to perform independent work is facilitated by the following factors:
Clear organization of the process of independent work of students - a program of independent cognitive activity, its educational and methodological and organizational and pedagogical support.
Content of tasks and ways to perform them - Do not give the student too difficult a task. However, it should not be too easy, because work that does not require certain intellectual effort, does not arouse interest and reduces the level of motivation. The satisfaction that the student receives from the process of overcoming the difficulties of the intellectual order, contributes to the formation of a high level of internal motivation. Thus, the independent task should be interesting, clear and feasible for the student, but not too easy.
One of the most important motives of students is the interest in the future profession, the desire to meet the high level of requirements that society puts forward to young professionals. Thus, the motivating factor of independent work is the orientation of the content of educational material on the vital needs of students, their interests, preferences, use of professionally oriented and practically oriented material.
A necessary condition for creating students' interest in the content of education is the opportunity to show mental independence and initiative in learning. This is facilitated by the use of such questions and tasks, the solution of which requires students to actively search. With the help of problem situations provides the development of theoretical thinking, cognitive interest in the content of the discipline, the formation of observation, the ability to critically analyze information, the ability to approach work in a non-standard way and find an effective solution.
In order to increase the efficiency of independent work, which will stimulate the intellectual development of students, it is advisable to use modern
pedagogical technologies that combine scientifically sound individual and collective forms of work.
The use of such forms of individual work as independent work of students with original sources of information (texts, professional articles), writing business letters, preparation of abstracts, speeches with scientific reports at the conference helps to deepen and expand students' knowledge, enhances cognitive activity, creates appropriate conditions for self-realization of the student as a person, which allows him to determine additional learning goals, encourages him to further systematic work in extracurricular time.
Collective forms of independent work (discussions, business games) develop speech skills and professional communication, contribute to the formation of students' own opinions. The process of creative collective solution of problems related to future professional activity, encouragement of initiative, existence of a clearly defined subject of discussion, provided students are sufficiently acquainted with lexical material, promotes the growth of productive independent work and provides conditions for professional growth of future professionals.
One of the modern forms of group work is the creation of projects. The essence of the project method is to achieve the didactic goal through the detailed development of the educational problem, which should end with a practical result (project).
Stimulation of the controlling function - Control of performance of independent work of students is an integral part of educational process, serves as one of bases of the organization of management and increase of its efficiency. Introducing a form of control, the teacher must comply with pedagogical requirements: the objectivity of the test and evaluation, individual character, regularity, regularity, comprehensiveness and differentiation of the test.
The process of independent work of the student depends, first of all, on his readiness for this type of activity. The motivating factor is one of the most important aspects of the problem of independent work. Learning is more successful if the student has a positive motivation, cognitive interest (cognitive activity), an incentive to intensify cognitive activity, the need to acquire knowledge, a sense of duty, responsibility and other motives.
It is important to pay attention to other aspects of the problem, the improvement of which can lead to increased efficiency of independent work. These are such aspects as: the correctness of the lecture material, practical, seminar work, group consultations, self-study work under the guidance of a teacher. As well as the use of distance learning, software training, and a properly organized control process.
References:
1. Pidkasisty PI Organization of educational and cognitive activities of students. Textbook. - M.: negar. Society of Russia, 2004. - 112 p
2. . Qodirova G.T. The use of computers to improve the professional level of teaching and learning//Economy and Society. № 6(73) -S.: 2020.
3. N.A. Odilova., M.U. Irgashev. Information and communication technology in language learning. International conference., 2016, p.439
4. Usmonova Sh. Study of scientific technical transfusion in non-linguistic educational university. International journal. Moscow.2019.
5. Nosirova M.K. Formation of foreign language communicative competence of students in the framework of modular program. International scientific journal. Economy and society. № 6(73) -s.: 2020.
6. Zakharova I. G. Information technologies in education: Textbook. manual for stud. higher. ped. study. institutions. M., 2003
