8Samarkand branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University Theoretical and practical foundations of introducing smart agriculture in Uzbekistan
O'zbekistonda aqlli qishloq xo'jaligini joriy etishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari
IMPROVEMENT OF MINERAL FERTILIZER PROCESSING EQUIPMENT IMPORTANT FOR AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY AND IMPROVEMENT
OF PRODUCT QUALITY.
Eldorbek Vohidjon o'g'li Koraboev,
Ferghana Polytechnic Institute, Ferghana, Uzbekistan assistant
Zikrulloh Erkinjon o'g'li Nazirov
Ferghana Polytechnic Institute, Ferghana, Uzbekistan student: koraboyeveldorbek@gmail .com
ABSTRACT
In order to better mix the material, to increase the contact area of the material with the drying agent, and therefore to increase the heat and mass transfer area and the coefficient of heat transfer from the drying agent to the particles, the dried material, transfer device is installed inside the drying drum. the most commonly used types of internal nozzles are shown. However, a nozzle with an L-shaped profile is often used. This work is one of the first works devoted to the study of material dispersion in tumble dryers. As a result of the study of L-shaped nozzles, we obtained a histogram of the distribution of material in the section of the drum, which was converted into a continuous curve.
Keywords: dryer drum, distribution degree, average residence time, load degree, fall length, mineral fertilizer.
ANNOTATSIYA
Mineral o'g'itni yaxshiroq aralashtirish, quritish vositasi bilan mineral o'g'it aloqa maydonini oshirish va shuning uchun issiqlik va massa uzatish maydonini va qurituvchidan zarrachalarga, quritilgan materialga issiqlik o'tkazish koeffitsientini oshirish uchun muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Texnalogiya quritish barabani ichiga o'rnatiladi. ichki nozullarning eng ko'p ishlatiladigan turlari ko'rsatilgan. Biroq, ko'pincha L shaklidagi profilga ega bo'lgan nozul ishlatiladi. Bu ish quritgichlarda material dispersiyasini o'rganishga bag'ishlangan dastlabki ishlardan biridir. L shaklidagi nozullarni o'rganish natijasida biz baraban kesimida o'gitlarni taqsimlanishining gistogrammasini oldik hamda u doimiy egri chiziqda aylantirildi.
May 12-13
622
Samarkand branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University Theoretical and practical foundations of introducing smart agriculture in Uzbekistan
O'zbekistonda aqlli qishloq xo'jaligini joriy etishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari
Kalit so'zlar: quritgich qurilmasi, tarqatish darajasi, o'rtacha quritish vaqti, yuk darajasi, tushish uzunligi, mineral o'g'it.
Introduction
The main purpose of this article is to analyze the mechanical, energetic, process operation mode and other problems of the drum drying apparatus, and research the optimal operation modes in the dryers. In addition, on the basis of the analysis of the work mode, ensuring energy efficiency depends on the work productivity, which means organizing intensive operation of the process. A complete study and analysis of the operating mode of the drying drum. Investigation of mass transfer processes in drum dryers. Increase the surface of contact (contact) between the agent (heat) and the raw material supplied for drying. Placement of shovels (nozzles) at an optimal figure. Carrying out theoretical and experimental studies of drying of dispersed material in the studied machine.
Analytical research method
When choosing a drying method, it is necessary to take into account the weight of each parameter for the specific material and the characteristics of the material to be dried. The drying process is monitored by the thermal effect of the environment material therefore, an excessive increase in the drying temperature has a negative effect on the quality of the product. In addition to the temperature, the organization of quantities in the dispersed and gas phases is important. The most favorable conditions for the interaction of the phases are the corresponding compression in direct flow dryers, that is, the gas is connected to the wet cold material at the maximum temperature, which causes it to heat up to the temperature of the wet thermometer. By the end of the process, the gas is sufficiently cooled and the dry product is prevented from heating up from the required high temperature. With proper mixing, the temperature of the gas quickly decreases to a constant minimum, and at first glance, it creates favorable conditions for its initial temperature increase. However, during recirculation of the material, the dried particles will enter the hot gas inlet zone many times and cause overheating. Therefore, it is necessary to lower the temperature process when drying thermo sensitive materials or high requirements for product quality. The heating of the phases is high in the direct flow movement, where the hot gas and the dry product are connected at the maximum temperature. Therefore, it is effective to use countercurrent current for drying heat-resistant materials, which require deep drying. In some cases, when drying
May 12-13
Samarkand branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University Theoretical and practical foundations of introducing smart agriculture in Uzbekistan
O'zbekistonda aqlli qishloq xojaligini joriy etishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari
unstable materials, it is useful to cool the product after leaving the dryer, but during the drying process of some materials, heat treatment leads to the formation of new properties required for the dried product. In recent years, heat pump devices have been widely used in drying technology. Heat pump devices work in the same way as cold compression devices according to the thermodynamic chain. In the heat pump, the mechanical consumption of the used drying agent with the heat of the external environment moves from the low temperature potential to the high temperature stage of the drying agent in the compressor. On the other hand, the most popular and common way is dry liquid materials. So, we can add that to dry liquid materials, it is necessary to create specific hydro dynamic conditions, that is, spraying, distribution with a thin layer, mixing in a certain volume, formation of a foam layer, etc. In addition, there should be a combination of application and scattering of a thin layer of liquid material on the surface of dried granular material or inert bodies in granulator drying drums. Drying of the foam layer is carried out in foam dryers, which are used in the food and dairy and meat industries. Due to the necessary large amount of moisture evaporation, it leads to an increase in heat transfer and heat energy consumption, which in turn leads to an increase in the size of drying devices, as well as an increase in the cost of the used drying agent in the cleaning system. In addition, during drying of liquid materials, it leads to the formation of product fragments with a morphological structure, and during spray drying, it is characterized by the formation of dust. Through these specific features, it is possible to develop and perfect the equipment and technology for drying liquid materials, the maximum energy saving, intensification, solving the problem of air purification from dust and the finished product with the desired dispersion and structure during the drying stage. Leads to the formation of varnishes. In many cases, it will be possible to find a complex solution to the questions. Atmospheric or vacuum dryers with high economic efficiency stand out, but their use is limited and low-production and depends on the characteristics of drying facilities. The same can be said about rotary and screw dryers. Spray dryers are universal and practically designed for various types of liquid flowing drying objects. Another interesting thing about that field is apparatus for drying in a stationary layer. In the drying zone, there are large classes of dryers that dry the dispersed material in a still, low-motion or slow-moving zone. The distinguishing features of the dryers belonging to this class are that they have a chamber with a circular cross-section or a right angle, so these dryers are also called chambered. Chamber dryers can be divided
May 12-13
Samarkand branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University Theoretical and practical foundations of introducing smart agriculture in Uzbekistan
O'zbekistonda aqlli qishloq xo'jaligini joriy etishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari
into shelf, shaft, tape types according to their structure. Regular chamber dryers in periodic motion are shelf dryers, so they are also called drying cabinets. Chamber shelf dryers are used for drying materials characterized by a continuous process or a complex individual mode in low-ton production. There are many types of dryers with a large number of schemes and shelves that separate air movement and multiple circulations. It is used for drying loose, lumpy and pasty materials from turbine dryers.
Figure-1 Design of a nozzle with curved edges for a tumble dryer. According to scientific research of Dr. Furininng proposed a nozzle design with a circular profile to ensure uniform distribution of material along the drum piece and to enhance the process of heat and mass exchange. By the help of that way the equation for the theoretical calculation of the size of the free zone in which the material falls through the optimal radius of the circle is recommended.
Figure-2 The scheme of the structure of the nozzle with a circular profile. Result and Discussion
When r(max) passes through the horizontal diameter of the drum, the maximum radius vector located in a straight line
May 12-13
625
Samarkand branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University Theoretical and practical foundations of introducing smart agriculture in Uzbekistan
O'zbekistonda aqlli qishloq xojaligini joriy etishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari
iy
passing through the pole perpendicular to the surface of the material lying on the nozzle=90° the angle defining the interval for constructing the nozzle profile ; N- the number of construction spans; The sequence number of the n-interval. In the research work, the design of the nozzle for the initial drying process of raw materials of cast materials was studied. In addition, it was determined that the nozzle construction can be used in the processing of mineral raw materials and in other areas. The structure of the nozzle consists of a lifting device equipped with two shovels located at different angles to the base of the peripheral radial blade nozzle. The drum dryer has a device for loading wet material, a drying chamber, a furnace with a mixing chamber, and a fan. The drum is controlled by electric drive, and its axial position is provided by hydraulic supports. The material is pre-mixed by the receiving screw blades and sent to the drum and then pumped in internal nozzles located along the entire length of the drum. It exchanges heat with the heat agent supplied from the back of the drum and dries. the dried material is discharged through a discharge device. The obtained results show that the manufactured fertilizer does not meet the requirements of the regulations set for the technological line. In addition, fertilizers smaller than 3 mm should be processed during production, and fertilizers larger than 5 mm should be crushed and sorted. This, in turn, increases the amount of energy used in the process. The origin of this situation is related to the heat exchange processes in the dryer, and the current situation is that the granulated fertilizer in the granulator goes to the dryer and there with enough heat agent. occurs due to lack of contact.
Information on the amount of solids carried up by the nozzles and then sprayed is essential for the dryer to operate within the optimum loading range. Researchers recommend choosing the volume of solids in the range of 10-15% of the total volume of the drum and the shape and number of nozzles in accordance with the operating conditions of the dryer for optimal performance of the drum. If the drum load is less than the limit of this range, the dryer will operate below its capacity, inefficiently. On the other hand, if the material drum load is more than the limit of the range, excess material accumulates in the dryer, which shortens the time of drying materials in the machine. As a result, a part of the material may not be dried to the required moisture level and may have a negative effect on the quality of the final product. The amount of solids in each nozzle depends on its geometry, the angular position of the nozzle inside the drum and the characteristic angle formed between the angle of free scattering of solids and the horizontal, which is also called the natural slope angle. Professors Schofield and Professors Glikin
May 12-13
Samarkand branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University Theoretical and practical foundations of introduci^g^mmt^griculture in Uzbekistan
Volume 4 | SamTSAU Conference | 2023
O'zbekistonda aqlli qishloq xojaligini joriy etishningnazariyva amaliy asoslari
jy
note that this angle can be determined by the balance of gravity, centrifugal force and frictional forces acting on a particle about to fall from the nozzle. Thus, the authors proposed an equation to calculate the natural slope nozzle.
tan <p =
¡u + R -—(cos ff — u sin 1 ff) _g___
2
1 — R-(sin—1 6 + u cos 6)
g v 7
It should be noted that the equation was only tested for solids at constant moisture content, which does not fully correspond to the actual drying process. Because moisture is lost as the solid moves through the dryer, this must be taken into account before using the equation to design actual dryers. If the natural slope angle of the material is known, and the angular position of the nozzle on the inner circle of the dryer is known, it is possible to calculate the cross-sectional area filled with material for nozzles of any shape. In this case, the amount of material in the nozzles is determined by their geometry, angular position and natural slope angle of the material. Professor R. J. Tojiev and his students analyzed the negative state of material distribution in the cross-section of the drum surface in a dryer equipped with a L-shaped profile. Researchers note the following negative consequences: First, due to the uneven distribution of material from the nozzles in the dryer, open areas are formed in the rain of the product distributed along the cross-section of the drum. The formation of this open zone helps the free flow of hot air through this zone, which reduces the amount of heat received by the material to be dried and reduces the intensity of the drying process. Conclusion:
As a result of the conducted research, the mode of low energy consumption of the device was determined. The coefficients of the equation necessary to determine the amount of power used were determined experimentally. Depending on the obtained proportions, the drying time of raw materials can be delayed in this device.
REFERENCES
1. Axunboev, A., Muxamadsodikov, K., & Qoraboev, E. (2021). Drying sludge in the drum. Barqarorlik vayetakchi tadqiqotlar onlayn ilmiy jurnali, 1(5), 149-153.
2. Koraboev, E. (2022). RELIABLE PERFORMANCE AND REASONABLE DESIGN OF DRUM DRYER MACHINE. Science and
innovation, 1(A7), 575-581.
May 12-13
627
Samarkand branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University Theoretical and practical foundations of introducing smart agriculture in Uzbekistan
O'zbekistonda aqlli qishloq xojaligini joriy etishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari
iy
3. Ogli, K. E. V. (2022). THE MOST IMPORTANT SOLUTION FOR IMPROVING ISSUES DRUM DRYERS. International Journal of Advance Scientific Research, 2(11), 83-89.
4. Koraboev, E. (2022). RELIABLE PERFORMANCE AND REASONABLE DESIGN OF DRUM DRYER MACHINE. Science and innovation, 1(A7), 575-581.
May 12-13
