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УДК 658
Шевченко А.А. студент 4 курса факультет «Управления и бизнеса» Кемеровский институт (филиал) РЭУ им. Г.В. Плеханова
Россия, г. Кемерово ВАЖНОСТЬ ТОВАРНЫХ ЗАПАСОВ НА ТОРГОВОМ
ПРЕДПРИЯТИИ
Аннотация: В данной статье рассматривается необходимость запасов на торговом предприятии. В статье говорится о том, что наличие оптимального объема запасов на предприятии может быть обеспечено путем управления и контроля, что позволит предприятию наладить постоянное бесперебойное функционирование производства.
Ключевые слова: запасы, товарооборот, управление запасами.
Shevchenko А. А.
4th year Bachelor's Degree student Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Kemerovo Institute (branch) Kemerovo
IMPORTANCE OF THE TRADE COMPANY STOCKS
Annotation: This article discusses the need for stocks in a trading enterprise. The article points that the availability of the optimal amount of reserves at the enterprise can be ensured by management and control, which will allow the enterprise to establish a permanent uninterrupted operation of production.
Keywords: stocks, goods circulation, stock management.
Optimization of stocks is the process of determining the correct levels of stocks [1]. This process has never been easy. Modern management tools are now available, allowing companies to do the job faster and more accurately. In fact, more developed and prestigious companies find that inventory management contributes to an increase in the profitability ratio due to a reduction in the number of stocks, an increase in the speed of turnover of stocks and ultimately more satisfied consumers.
The relevance of the research is due to the fact that nowadays the optimization of stocks is considered to be the main competence for both large and medium-sized enterprises in many industries, and also because it has proven to be a sustainable process to free millions of rubles in working capital by reducing inventory without deterioration levels of service to its customers.
The availability of the optimal amount of stocks at the enterprise can be ensured by managing and controlling the flow of financial and material resources,
the state and level of stocks. This will allow the company to establish a permanent uninterrupted operation of production, with a significantly small amount of "frozen" material resources and minimal abstracted working capital that are invested. This will help identify surplus, due to the implementation of which a company will have the opportunity to reduce the cost of maintaining the stocks and improve production efficiency.
Stocks relate to the assets of the enterprise and constitute a significant part of working capital, and therefore should bring economic benefits. The necessity for stocks is also due to the following reasons:
- ensuring a sustainable supply of goods to consumers;
- saving on transportation;
- placement of stocks in consumption centers;
- reduction of the lead time for orders.
However, excess reserves lead to a decrease in turnover and a reduction in economic benefits. Therefore, for the effective operation of any organization, it is necessary to manage the reserves competently.
The object of the study is LLC "Duet", a trading company of Novosibirsk.
Table 1 - Data of economic indicators of LLC "Duet". (The data are taken from the site of the trading activities of the company "Duet")_
Index 2014 year 2015 year Expansion rate, %
Retail turnover, RUR000's 13672 14406,2 119,994553
Gross income, RUR000's 1857,77 11029,324 120
Gross income ratio, % 23,35 23,34 99,9571734
Circulation costs, RUR000's 1564,87 1677,84 119,999292
Costs ratio, % 16,19 16,18 99,9382335
Sales profit, RUR000's 1262,91 1315,49 119,999239
Profitability of sales, % 7,17 7,10 99,0237099
Accounting profit, RUR000's 1274,5 1294,6 107,322404
As can be seen from the presented data, the activity of the enterprise is profitable. The enterprise successfully develops, such indicators as trade turnover, gross income, profit, profitability of sales.
Commodity stocks for a trading organization are simultaneously cash investments, the main source of profit and the main problem of daily monitoring. At present, in the conditions of toughening competition, organizations are forced to reduce the percentage of the established mark-up. Therefore, to ensure the necessary return on the invested funds, to ensure the necessary growth rate of the organization, effective management of commodity stocks is relevant [2].
In order for perishable goods not to stagnate in the store, it is necessary to be able to quickly sell the products of this group. That's why the shop "Duet" regularly holds discounts.
Table 2 - Implementation of the discounts in LLC "Duet". (The data are taken from the site of the trading activities of the company "Duet")_
Discount Supposed discount, % Offtake, pcs Supposed price including discount, RUR Earnings per week, RUR
"Peppy Monday" (tea coffee) 20 150 80 12000
"Juicy Tuesday" (juices, drinks) 20 350 40 14000
"Crispy Wednesday" (crackers, chisps) 15 550 17 9350
"Fish Thursday" (fish and fish products) 20 300 160 48000
"Curious Friday" (magazines) 20 100 80 8000
"Household Saturday" (household wares) 15 700 85 24500
"Fresh Sunday" (vegetables and fruits) 15 1000 170 170000
Based on the conditions of the organized promotion "Week of discounts", the income of the organization for 12 weeks per year will be 285850 x 12 = 340,200 rubles.
Thus, it is possible to say that the organization of the "Discount Week" in LLC "Duet" will promote faster implementation of perishable products, as well as products with reduced demand, which will positively influence the financial result of the organization [3].
In order to avoid problems with inventory, it is necessary to use new approaches to managing inventory. That is, it is possible to suggest the following way to improve inventory. New approaches suggest the necessity for changes the policy and strategy of doing business taking into account the specifics of a particular enterprise. Since stocks require significant capital investments, it is necessary to find such an optimal volume proportion of the purchased batch and the stock with maximum cost cutting connected with inventory carrying, i.e. the proportion at which the change in storage stocks does not exceed the change in costs associated with replenishment.
Most often trading enterprises use for different groups of goods: the method of determining the volume of the order with a fixed periodicity of ordering goods (model with a constant level of stocks) and the method of a fixed order. However, these models often do not take into account several significant factors, in particular, seasonality, cyclical consumption, etc. Therefore, it is advisable to supplement the models of inventory management with own mechanisms that take into account the specifics of the enterprise: in particular, to use forecasting of demand for goods on the basis of statistics of commodity stocks and sales level for a certain period.
Thus, based on the above, the following conclusion can be made: the inventory management system implies a whole set of measures aimed at optimizing
the operation of the enterprise. And the creation of an optimal and efficient inventory management system, in turn, will allow the enterprise to gain an advantage in the competition and obtain economic benefits.
Использованные источники:
1. Иванов, Г. Г. Экономика организации : (торговля) : учебник / Г.Г. Иванов.
- Москва: Форум: ИНФРА-М, 2012. - 351 с.
2. Веселов, А.И. Оценка и формирование товарной политики производственных предприятий при помощи оборачиваемости товарных запасов для повышения финансовой устойчивости и платежеспособности / А.И. Веселов // Финансовый менеджмент. - 2009. - № 2. - С. 35-42.
3. Копёнкина, И.Б. Использование моделей управления запасами для принятия управленческих решений / И.Б. Копёнкина, Т.Ф. Череватова // Вестник Белгородского университета кооперации, экономики и права. - 2013.
- № 2 (46). - С. 229-235.
УДК 658
Шевченко А.А. студент 4 курса факультет «Управления и бизнеса» Кемеровский институт (филиал) РЭУ им. Г.В. Плеханова
Россия, г. Кемерово РАЗМЕЩЕНИЕ ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ В ТОРГОВОМ ЗАЛЕ Аннотация: В статье рассматривается мерчандайзинг, а именно эффективное использование торговой площади, что способствует привлечению как старых, так и новых покупателей. В статье рассмотрены показатели эффективности использования торговой площади, такие как коэффициент установочной площади и коэффициент экспозиционной площади на примере гипермаркета «Магнит».
Ключевые слова: торговая площадь, эффективность использования, мерчандайзинг.
Shevchenko А. А. 4th year Bachelor's Degree student Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Kemerovo Institute (branch) Kemerovo
PLACEMENT OF EQUIPMENT IN THE TRADING FLOOR
Annotation: The article considers merchandising, namely the effective use of the trading floor, which helps attract both old and new customers. The article deals with the efficiency indicators of the use of the trading area, such as footprint coefficient and display area coefficient in the context of the hypermarket "Magnit".
Keywords: sales area, effectiveness of the usage, merchandising.
