CC BY
0УДК 621.31
Mustafayeva F.
Laboratory assistant of the Department of Power Industry Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University (Baku, Azerbaijan)
IMPORTANCE OF SMART GRID SYSTEM IN OUR MODERN LIFE
Аннотация: a smart grid can be defined as a transparent, seamless and instantaneous two-way transmission of all energy-related information and notifications, This transmission allows the electricity industry to better manage energy distribution and transmission, and gives energy consumers more control over their energy behavior. A smart grid embodies the advantages of using communication and information technologies to provide real-time information and create an instantaneous supply-demand balance of the power grid.
Ключевые слова: smart grid, meters, energy losses, monitoring, environment.
What is a smart grid? - It is defined as systems that reduce labor, are economically efficient, aim to ensure high quality and safety, transfer energy from source to consumer in the most appropriate and sustainable manner, provide integration and are self-sustaining.
European Technology Platform - (European Commission 2006) - "Smart grid, "It is an electricity grid that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it (generation plants, energy consumers, consumers who both produce and consume energy) to efficiently ensure a sustainable, economic and safe supply of electricity." Energy and Climate Change Department, UK - (Department of Energy and Climate Change, UK 2009) - "A smart grid uses sensor, embedded processing and digital communication technologies to address the following features of the electricity grid contains:
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Observable (can be measured and visualized), Controllable (can be adjusted and optimized), Automated (adaptable and self-healing), Fully integrated (can work with existing systems with the ability to combine different energy sources)."
US Department of Energy (Department of Energy, US 2009) - "Smart grids are the use of digital technologies to improve the reliability, safety, and efficiency of a wide range of electrical system elements, from distribution systems to electrical consumers, from distributed power generation sources to energy storage facilities, both economically and energy-wise." are networks that do.
Figure 1. Smart Grid system.
Applications of the Smart Grid system - The importance of smart cities in our country, as in many countries, is increasing day by day. The working principle of the smart grid is mainly based on the principle of managing the entire infrastructure from a single center, from energy production to consumption. Natural gas, electricity, water, and telecommunications systems are each managed from a single center and perform infrastructure management, ensuring efficient operation of the systems. In this sense, smart grids are the integration of modern computer and network technologies into today's networks through geographic information systems. It intelligently processes the data, checks it and manages the needs according to the analysis of the data it receives.
Smart grids, an essential component for smart cities, play a major role in ushering us into an era of reliability, accessibility and efficiency. During the
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transition from classic grid systems to smart grids, testing, technology improvement, consumer education, development of standards, regulations, and information sharing between projects will be critical to ensure that the benefits we expect from the smart grid become a reality.
Smart grids include the following features according to their structure:
• Observable (measurable and visualizable),
• Manageable (adjustable and optimized),
• Automated (adaptive and self-healing),
• Full integration (can work with existing systems by combining different energy sources).
The advantages of smart grid systems are as follows:
• Can be controlled from a central system,
• Instant monitoring and control of remote networks, •GISbased on having a live database,
• Inventory management according to interconnected network operating rules and user authorization levels,
• With internal and external systems (Call Center, ABYS, UAVT, SCADA, TAKBIS, ERP, CRM etc.) the ability to integrate,
• Consumption and billing analyzes based on subscriber, street, building and
area,
• New facility, outage, failure-service tracking and identification of affected subscribers making,
• Reducing the rate of loss and theft,
• Easy management of field groups and intervention as soon as possible in case of failure skill,
• The investments that the system will need can be better planned with the obtained information can,
• Creation of customized reports according to efficiency and cost-oriented
needs,
• Cost, energy and time savings.
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Smart Grid Components The main components of smart grids are: S Intelligent Remote Central Control S Smart Stations S Smart Manufacturing S Smart Distribution S Smart Meters S Integrated Communication
Incorporating the Smart Grid into the power grid infrastructure provides the following benefits:
1. Network reliability at a level impossible in traditional networks,
2. To allow for improvements and efficiencies not yet anticipated,
3. To exert downward pressure on electricity prices,
4. Bringing consumers together with affordable energy,
5. To provide consumers with more information and supply options,
6. To ensure that traditional and renewable energy sources are in harmony with each other in the network,
7. To ensure a wider integration of intermittent renewable energy into the
grid,
8. To ensure a revolution not only in the energy sector, but also in the transport sector,
9. Finally and most importantly, ensure efficiency.
The Smart Grid makes a significant contribution to the clean air we breathe and the reduction of environmental pollution by enabling consumers to turn to cleaner energy sources, opt for lower carbon emissions, benefit from renewable energy sources and produce more environmentally friendly output. In addition, a smart grid will allow consumers to control energy prices, creating more efficient and conscious consumers, which will minimize the additional need for fossil fuel-fired generation capacity during periods of high demand, thereby reducing emission rates.
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Smart Grid System Understanding what a smart grid is can be better understood by identifying the differences between it and a traditional grid. One of the most important differences between a traditional grid and a Smart grid is the two-way data exchange between the consumer and the grid. For example, under the "Smart Grid" concept, consumers can receive a signal from a smart thermostat about current electricity prices and adjust the temperature according to these prices, allowing the consumer to save costs while maintaining comfort.
The comparison in the table below clearly shows why the traditional network cannot meet today's needs.
Table 1. The most important differences between traditional grid and smart grid.
Traditional network Smart grid
Electromechanics (Control of mechanical systems with electronic systems) Digital/Microprocessor
One-way and local two-way communication Global/integrated two-way communication
Central production Adaptation to distributed generation
No tracking Self monitoring
Manual repair Automatic, self-healing
Manual control Remote control
Limited control over system failure probabilities Prediction of faults
Approximate reliability Predictive validity
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Figure 2. Importance of Smart Grid system.
With the help of smart networks, the safety of users is also ensured during energy distribution. In other words, we can say that the main goal of the smart grid is to provide simple and fast communication between producers and consumers, as well as to achieve the necessary security. Due to the development of smart grid systems, the demand for classic grids is decreasing.
The Role of Smart Grid Technologies in Energy Management - World population growth and industrial growth are increasing the demand for electricity day by day. Electricity from fossil fuels raises environmental pollution concerns. Therefore, the integration of renewable energy in residential and industrial facilities is increasing. Green energy technologies such as wind and solar energy play an important role in this process, and the resulting electricity can be connected to the grid or used in off - grid systems.
Smart grid systems can be defined as structures that can produce part of their energy needs themselves, provide energy storage solutions and sell this energy back to the grid when needed. In the process of electricity grid modernization, each component must be environmentally friendly, flexible and adaptive. Pier MTTP offers advanced technologies for the development of these adaptive systems and works to make these systems more efficient.
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Pier MTTP's Smart Grid Structure - Smart grids are created by combining existing electrical infrastructure with IT infrastructure. The main goal of these networks is to use energy efficiently by reducing lost and illegal electricity tariffs. In addition, the integration of energy produced from renewable energy sources into the system is among the goals of these structures. Pier MTTP contributes to more efficient energy production and distribution by providing high-performance solutions in these integration processes. Although smart grid infrastructure may initially appear to be high-cost projects, these costs are expected to be recovered in a short period of time due to the resulting energy savings.
Hardware and Software Components-Smart meters and smart home appliances are important hardware components of these systems. On the software side, data infrastructure, internet - based systems and intuitive routing software stand out. Pier MTTP increases the efficiency of smart grids and optimizes energy management processes with the innovative software and integrated solutions developed in this field. Smart meters can communicate with smart home automation to monitor the use of these devices and help reduce costs when the price of electricity fluctuates.
Energy Storage Technologies - Energy storage technologies include options such as supercapacitors, micro - superconducting magnetic energy storage systems, pumped hydroelectricity, compressed air energy storage, sodium - sulfur batteries, and lithium-ion batteries. Pier MTTP offers a wide range of solutions for the optimization of these technologies and their integration with smart grid systems.
Using Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things in Smart Grids-Smart grids are revolutionizing energy management by providing more efficient, flexible and reliable electrical infrastructure. Two of the most important technologies behind this transformation stand out as artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT). Artificial intelligence enables more effective decisions in energy production, transmission and distribution processes by analyzing large amounts of data in smart grids. For example, AI algorithms can predict energy demand, perform load balancing and help detect faults early. IoT increases system flexibility by allowing
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network components to communicate with each other and exchange information in real time.
Pier MTTP improves the efficiency and reliability of smart grids by developing solutions that combine artificial intelligence and IoT technologies. Advanced technologies offered by Pier MTTP enable communication between smart meters, sensors and control systems in energy distribution networks. These systems allow for better management strategies by analyzing energy consumption habits. In addition, AI-supported decision-making systems make it easier to manage grid complexity while increasing the security of energy supply.
Environmental Impacts of Smart Grids-Smart grids offer great opportunities for environmental sustainability. While traditional energy systems cause high energy losses, smart grids minimize these losses and improve energy efficiency. The integration of renewable energy sources into the grid reduces carbon emissions more effectively by reducing the use of fossil fuels and minimizes the negative impact on the environment. Pier MTTP contributes to this process by offering environmentally friendly solutions in smart grid projects. By developing systems that integrate green energy technologies, the company increases energy efficiency and reduces environmental impact. Smart grids ensure the most efficient use of energy resources through dynamic pricing systems and demand-response programs, while energy consumption and production are better managed. This helps achieve both environmental sustainability goals and contributes to reducing energy costs.
CONCLUSION.
Smart grids balance energy use by reducing peak energy consumption and increase the effectiveness of dynamic pricing systems. With regulations and strengthening of power lines, demand matching in the energy market, prediction of outages and automatic elimination of faults can be achieved through the integration of smart metering and data transmission technologies. Pier MTTP aims to contribute to a sustainable and efficient future in the energy sector with the innovative solutions it offers.
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СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Smart Grids: Infrastructure, Technology, and Solutions by James A. Momoh;
2. Smart Grid: Technology and Applications by Janaka Ekanayake, Nicholas Jenkins, Kithsiri Liyanage, and others;
3. Smart Grid Handbook, 3 Volume Set edited by Frank D. Schultze;
4. A Survey of Smart Grid Technologies and Applications - I.E.E.E. Transactions on Industrial Informatics;
5. The Role of Smart Grids in the Integration of Renewable Energy Sources -Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews;
6. Smart Grid: An Introduction - US Department of Energy (DOE);
7. The Future of the Grid: A Summary of the Key Drivers and Technology Challenges - International Energy Agency (IEA);
8. Smart Grid Systems - Coursera (offered by University at Buffalo);
9. The Smart Grid - FutureLearn (offered by The University of Strathclyde);
10. w.smartgrid.gov;
11. w.sgip.org;
12. w.ieee.org/smartgrid
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