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8«етуушшим-шишаи» sumu жш / economic sciences
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Сахават Хайдарлы Аспирант, Нахчыванский Государственный Университет DOI: 10.24412/2520-6990-2022-21144-39-42 ДИСБАЛАНС НА ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОМ РЫНКЕ
Sakhavat Haydarli
Ph.D- student, Nakhchivan State University
IMBALANCE IN FOOD MARKET
Abstract.
The development of agriculture is a specific and integral factor affecting the effective organization of the manufacturing industry and the infrastructure food market. Natural geographical conditions, soil and water supply, fertile and favorable environment ensure food, ecological purity of plant products and, as a result, economic efficiency, the production of pure products that meet human physiological needs. As we have noted, one of the important components of the national food market is the food market that meets the needs of citizens for food products. The food market, like other markets, has the potential for self-regulation. It should be noted that self-regulatory mechanisms are characterized by effective results in the event of a crisis in the food market. The article will discuss the management of the food market by the state, the principles of self-regulation and similar issues.
Аннотация.
Развитие сельского хозяйства является специфическим и неотъемлемым фактором, влияющим на эффективную организацию обрабатывающей промышленности и инфраструктуры продовольственного рынка. Природно-географические условия, почвенно-водное обеспечение, плодородная и благоприятная окружающая среда обеспечивают пищевую, экологическую чистоту продукции растительного происхождения и, как следствие, экономическую эффективность, получение чистой продукции, удовлетворяющей физиологические потребности человека. Как мы уже отмечали, одной из важных составляющих национального продовольственного рынка является продовольственный рынок, обеспечивающий потребности граждан в продуктах питания. Продовольственный рынок, как и другие рынки, обладает потенциалом саморегулирования. Следует отметить, что механизмы саморегулирования характеризуются эффективными результатами в случае кризиса на рынке продовольствия. В статье пойдет речь об управлении продовольственным рынком государством, принципах саморегулирования и подобных вопросах.
Ключевые слова: сельское хозяйство, продукты питания, пищевой маркер, саморегулирование.
Keywords: agriculture, food products, food marker, self-regulation.
INTRODUCTION The role of the state in regulating the functioning of the food market leads to an imbalance in the food market. It should be noted that strengthening the role of the state in the regulation of the food market, the market mechanism of regulation, as well as the ultimate goal of public funds is the consumption of quality food by citizens to obtain environmentally quality food. One of the main issues facing the state regulation of the food market is to reduce poverty in the country and increase the purchasing power of citizens. First of all, it should be taken into account that a serious problem arises in this area, as not all categories of citizens can consume food at affordable prices. Categories of the population with high monthly incomes at what level food prices however, they do receive quality food. Low-income groups are interested in buying low-quality food at low prices. With the direct participation of the state in the regulation of the food market, they also take the necessary measures to ensure the social protection of socially disadvantaged families. The state achieves the protection of social stability through regulatory measures in the country's food market. At this time, the level of poverty is decreasing, social protection of low-income categories of the population is provided. As a result, social stability arises in society.
It should be noted that due to dumping prices in the domestic market, as a result of imports of products, local producers are losing in the competition, and their economic interests are not protected. At this time, active regulatory activities are carried out in the state food market. The state ensures the redistribution of interregional food resources by interfering in the food market. Products sold in the food market are redistributed with the participation of the state. In general, a socially oriented market economy, in addition to ensuring balance in the food market, increases the consumption capacity of the population and raises living standards.
It should be noted that the market mechanism does not fully have the capacity to properly distribute food to ensure social justice. In this regard, the necessary government intervention in the food market is important. It should be taken into account that as a result of the intervention, the social situation of the poor improves, and the state's food security is protected. In developed countries, during the regulatory measures carried out by the state, it carries out activities related to the purchase of food products (mainly agricultural products) in order to form the necessary reserves for state needs, which is economically important. In this case, the state itself becomes an active participant in the food market. In a social market economy, the state is a
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key player in the market system. In modern economic conditions, state regulation of the food market has the potential to directly influence the functioning of the market by state and regional structures. State and regional structures (especially those specializing in agriculture) can have a direct impact on the level of supply and demand in the food market, product sales conditions, price levels, product quality control system, infrastructure system.
At the state level, during regulatory measures on the food market, measures are more often implemented aimed at stimulating the level of demand. At the same time, the state pays more attention to increasing the real income of the population. As a result, populations with rising real incomes consume more than the food market. For this reason, the volume of trade in the food market is expanding. The state also stimulates the level of supply of goods in the direction of regulating the food market. As a result of the implemented stimulus measures, the volume of products produced by producers in the food market is increasing, and there is an abundance of food. The analysis shows that the state stimulates both supply and demand in the food market. As a result of the balanced policy, the interests of agricultural and food producers are being ensured. In addition, the state implements measures aimed at improving the living conditions of the population by promoting their vitality.
The main condition for the sale of products in the food market is to maintain a free competitive environment. In the appropriate environment, the state carries out measures to counter monopolization. In this case, the level of prices in the food market is balanced. Price balance is provided depending on the level of supply and demand. The analysis shows that in conditions of free market relations it is impossible to maintain such a free competitive environment.
Sometimes the food market can fall into the hands of monopolistic entrepreneurs. In this case, monopolistic prices are applied in the food market. Monopolists can benefit from this process.
Measures taken by the state to regulate the food market may affect the reduction of prices. The state has the opportunity to influence the food market indirectly through economic means. As a result, prices stabilize in the market, consumers' opportunities to buy products increase.
In developed countries, regulation through the price mechanism is important in regulating the food market. Along with social stability in the food market, producers' incomes are increasing through the direct price mechanism. Only with optimal optimization of the price mechanism do manufacturers have the opportunity to purchase products at an affordable price. Proper improvement of the price mechanism in the food market based on international experience is also an important condition for protecting the country's food security. As can be seen, it is more effective to influence the level of prices in the food market by economic means. For example, in the conditions of scarcity and restriction of agricultural products, the balance between supply and demand in the food market is broken. It should be borne in mind that the level of
supply that cannot meet the overall demand leads to an increase in the level of prices. In this case, the state is forced to use various alternative means.
Measures to reduce prices in the food market should lead to a violation of mechanisms aimed at ensuring balance. For example, in the countries of the post-Soviet space, it is advisable to regularly hold sales fairs on agriculture in centers and regional cities at the state level. It is necessary to create favorable conditions at the fairs by the relevant government agencies. In this case, it is possible to achieve a difference between the level of food and food prices. According to the existing fairs, the poor benefit more from the purchase of products. Reimbursement of transportation costs by regional government agencies for the transportation of commodity producers to major cities prevents prices from rising in the food market.
In general, there is an opportunity to intervene in the food market due to the level of prices. The goal here is for agricultural commodity producers elimination of existing problems in the delivery of products to the market.
The experience of post-Soviet countries shows that government subsidies for transport costs from the budget have a significant impact on the supply of products to the market by entrepreneurs specializing in agricultural production. Purchase of agricultural products by government procurement agencies allows food prices to remain stable. It should be noted that it is necessary to improve the price mechanism in the regulation of the food market. In this case, the consumer can get the product at an affordable price. The main condition for the consumer to get a product at an affordable price is the implementation of measures aimed at increasing the income of citizens.
It should be noted that the existence of socioeconomic differences in society is one of the most important problems in the social sphere. At this time, social tensions in the society may increase, and the country's food security may be threatened.
Decreased purchasing power of citizens in the food market, as a result, reduces the interest of expanding the activities of agricultural producers, mainly in the regions. In addition, the means of state regulation of the food market are related to the implementation of the process of product quality control. Strict control over the quality of products in the food market ensures the protection of a competitive environment. Quality control of food and food products sold in the food market is carried out through a system of licensing and certification.
The application of various standards at the state level on food products is of great benefit to citizens. As a result, the citizens of the country get quality food
are provided with products and a healthy eating environment is formed. In addition, the issue of reliable provision of the population with food products directly depends on the state regulation of the food market.
The organization of the food market in accordance with international standards depends on the creation of a modern agricultural infrastructure system. The formation of a modern infrastructure system depends on the application of modern innovative technologies
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in all processes, from the production process to the delivery of products to consumers.
It is very important to form a high level of infrastructure system in the field of agriculture. Agrarian market in developed countries of the postSoviet space (including the Republic of Azerbaijan)
structures have not yet been fully formed in the past. Measures such as the organization of financial institutions in the field of agriculture, the creation and protection of a free competitive environment, the elimination of monopolies have not yet been fully resolved in this area. Among the relevant problems, it is possible to point out that the process of formation of agrarian market infrastructure in the field of agriculture has not been completed. For example, in the Republic of Azerbaijan, the necessary infrastructure system of the food market in Baku is not yet fully developed. In the regions, this process continues at a very slow pace. From this point of view, the development of the infrastructure system in the food market of the Republic of Azerbaijan should be supported at the state level.
In recent years, the process of full formation of the private sector in the agro-industrial complex of our country is underway. Despite the formation of the private sector to some extent, very few measures have been taken by them to develop the infrastructure of the agrarian market. Therefore, the support of the public and private sectors operating in the agricultural sector to the development of joint food market infrastructure should be increased. For example, the food supply system in Azerbaijan is poorly developed, which is not a positive indicator from an economic point of view. As a result, this process has a direct negative impact on the interests of producers and consumers in the agricultural sector. A producer of agricultural goods faces various difficulties in marketing his products. Agricultural producers incur time and material losses before delivering products from the regions to central markets. As a result, it is difficult for producers to enter the market directly, and sometimes they do not want to enter. The dominance of intermediaries in the food market is due to the solution of these problems. For example, the recent rise in fuel and energy prices in Azerbaijan has had a negative impact on the interests of producers in the regions. Thus, the price increase has forced the producer to pay more transportation costs to market their products. This has led to an increase in the prices of products sold in the food market at the expense of additional costs. Problems with access to producers in central markets have increased producers' losses. This will lead to a decrease in the interest of agricultural producers in food production in the near future.
During the Soviet era, agricultural producers and peasant families faced few difficulties in marketing more agricultural products. Agricultural products were purchased from citizens through various procurement organizations. These procurement agencies delivered the products to central markets. In operation of the above supply organizations the presence of refrigerated warehouses and security and storage chambers allowed for the long-term storage and sale of agricultural goods.
It is obvious that in modern economic conditions there is a need to update the infrastructure of the food market. If this issue is resolved by the state, food products can be stored for a long time. At the same time, access to the food market in all seasons can be prevented. Therefore, in the direction of state regulation of the food market, the organization and expansion of food market infrastructure by regions should be taken more seriously.
In order to ensure the formation and development of a normal food market in developed countries, it is first necessary to effectively use the potential of agriculture. Agriculture in the implementation of these processes It is expedient to develop the processing industry in the regions.
The share of agricultural products plays an important role in the formation and development of the country's food market. It is the products of the agricultural sector that are highly competitive in the food market. For example, during the former Soviet Union, the state's monopoly position in the food market was high in every republic, including Azerbaijan. The result is food for the general union the market could not be formed on the basis of supply and demand. It was only after the collapse of the Soviet Union that the countries that gained independence began to choose new directions of economic development, as well as to carry out sustainable reforms in the agricultural sector. As a result, new agriculture in the post-Soviet countries producers of products began to form special farmers' associations. These processes have led to an increase in the supply of agricultural products directly on the food market. At the same time, the competitive environment in the food market has intensified.
The experience of developed countries shows that the food market is not limited to domestically produced food and agricultural products. The share of food and agricultural products imported from other countries also plays an important role in the development of the food market. In general, imported and domestically produced food products form the basis of the domestic food market. In this regard, the protection of the domestic food market plays an important role in ensuring food security in the country. From a socioeconomic point of view, it is necessary to protect the domestic food market. The main participants in the food market are consumers and producers. One of the main socio-political measures taken by the state is to regulate the activities of the food market and protect it from external influences. It is necessary to protect the food market of each country and properly regulate its activities. It should be noted that the factors that determine the need to protect the domestic food market are different. These factors include the following.
- The declining trends in the food market in each country can lead to the development of the country's economy. In addition, if declining trends accelerate the country's integration into the world economic system, it can aggravate the internal situation;
- the high cost of some domestically produced food products leads to higher prices for such products than international market prices;
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- crises in the food market of exporting countries directly affect the domestic food market of importing countries;
- The dynamic development of the economy of each country leads to an increase in incomes of food exporters, resulting in rising prices in the food market;
- It is necessary to constantly monitor imported food products. Thus, imported food products weaken local production and lead to changes in the domestic food market;
- increase in the volume of food products produced and offered for sale in the international food market, rising prices make it necessary to protect the domestic market;
- Regulation of the domestic food market leads to social stability in the country. Thus, the domestic food market is a place where citizens, producers and consumers meet.
CONCLUSION
The analysis of these factors shows that the protection of the domestic food market from the socioeconomic point of view is also important from the socio-economic point of view. That's why food regulation of the market can fully meet the demand of the population for food products. The experience of developed countries shows that most of the goods sold in the food market are agricultural products. That is why the state always provides financial support to agriculture. It should be noted that the regulation of the food market depends directly on the regulation of the agricultural sector. In Eastern European countries (Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania) the process of state regulation of the food market is carried out in the following areas:
- the current economic situation in the food market is regulated in terms of meeting the needs of citizens for food products;
- the activity of the agricultural sector is supported by targeted subsidies and soft loans;
- Interventional procurement is used to maintain balance in the food market.
Protection of the domestic food market is one of the main priorities to ensure the normal functioning of the country's economy. The main reason for this is the large number of producers and consumers in the food market, which make up a large part of the country's population.
In general, it is important to take appropriate measures to develop the agricultural sector in order to
regulate the domestic food market and meet the needs of citizens in food. This can have a direct positive impact on the development of the agricultural sector. For example, the state programs adopted in the postSoviet countries (including Azerbaijan) for the development of the agricultural sector, preferential loans to agricultural producers, subsidies to crop producers can be cited as steps in this direction. However, the measures taken did not completely eliminate the problems in the agricultural sector, as well as in the domestic food market. Therefore, it is necessary to implement new measures in this area.
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