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© КОЛЛЕКТИВ АВТОРОВ, 2015 UDC 616.216-002-07
A. Che§ca, G.A. Gyurka, I. S. Azizov
IMAGING ASPECTS OF SINUSITIS
Faculty of Medicine of Transilvania University of Bra§ov (Romania)
This study aims to present the theoretical data on sinusitis, as an adjacent pathology of the upper respiratory tract infections. In addition, it will present radiological images representing diagnostic methods used in the pathology of sinuses. From this point of view, natively made computer tomographic images will be presented, having as reference the conventional radiography of sinuses. There were made images of two female patients who came to the specialized ambulatory having signs and symptoms of acute sinus infections.
Keywords: sinusitis, cases, diagnostic, imaging aspects
Nowadays, the incidence of respiratory infections is at high level. This fact is caused by numerous risk factors and determining factors predisposing and contributing to the appearance of signs and symptoms of these types of pathologies [2].
In the context of respiratory pathology, there are some cases in which respiratory pathology can be associated with sinus infections [16]. From this point of view we can recall that upper respiratory tract infections often can be the consequence of sinus infections which had not been treated correctly and on time [8, 13]. Sinus pathology is common in any age group, considering the existence of numerous factors which contribute to the occurence of this pathology [7, 15]. Clinically, sinusitis can be classified into acute and chronic [10, 12]. Acute sinusitis is caused by incorrectly or insufficiently treated viral or bacterial infections. The most common signs of the occurrence of this pathology are stuffy nose, accompanied by runny nose, cough, fever, headache, pain in the ears [5, 6].
Chronic sinusitis occurs as a result of incorrectly or insufficiently treated repeated bacterial infections. Frequently, however, it can be caused by a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the upper respiratory tract and that may show symptoms specific to asthma, considering the influence of respiratory allergies as predisposing factor. In this context, decreased immunity and the low defense ability against infections are major risk factors in chronic sinus infections. Chronic sinusitis is characterized by a variety and complexity of forms, therefore it is imperative a specialized medical consult in order to establish an appropriate diagnosis and treatment [3, 8].
The methods of diagnosis of sinusitis are the performing conventional radiography of the sinuses and native CT scanning [1, 14]. These methods are joined by those used by Otorhinolar-
yngology physicians who perform, when required, endoscopic examinations by using optical fibre instruments [4, 11]. This method allows, by exploring areas in detail, to observe barely visible structural aspects of high accuracy that can be used as diagnostic support [9, 17].
Antibiotic treatment associated with anti-inflammatory and other types of drugs are requiered in sinusitis. In this type of pathology the treatment must be individualized and specific to each patient, according to the form of the disease. In the context of the incidence of the pathology extensively presented previously, this study aims to present diagnostic aspects of sinusitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Radiological images were analyzed for this study. Conventional radiography is usually used as a routine investigation to examine the sinuses. As specific investigation, native computed tomography is prefered according to the recommendations of specialized physicians. In the following we will present particular issues concerning imag-istic changes in sinusitis, using both standard radiography and computed tomography images. To carry out this study radiological aspects of two female patients, aged 41-50, were selected.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The study presents the cases of two female patients who came to the specialized ambulatory accusing symptoms of sinusitis. In order to establish a diagnosis, in addition to clinical examination, imaging investigations were made using conventional imaging and native computer tomography. The standard radiographic image shown in this study highlights the skull bone and the aspect of the frontal, maxillary and paranasal sinuses. In this context, the image presented in this paper reveals changes in the frontal and a buckling of the maxillary sinus, accompanied by thickening of the ethmoid's lining. (fig. 1).
Figure 1 - Standard X-ray image
Computed tomography images show dense, inclined fluid accumulation at right maxillary sinus level associated with circumferential mucosal thickening and polypoid mucosal thickening of the lining of the paranasal sinuses and of the right inferior and middle cornets. These issues are revealed on computed tomography reconstructions performed in axial plane. (fig. 2, 3). Also, axial computed tomography reconstructions show dense fluid accumulation at anterior and posterior ethmoid cells level and at right sphenoid sinus level as well (fig. 2, 3).
Figure 2 - CT image. Native examination
The changes in sinusitis shown above can be seen on computed tomography image reconstructions of images obtained in coronal plane modus. (fig. 4, 5).
Figure 3 - CT image. Native examination
Figure 4 - CT image. Native examination
Figure 5 - CT image. Native examination
Native examination computed tomography images emphasize circumferential thickening of the frontal sinus mucosa, without evidencing the heterodense infra and supratentorial intracerebral lesions. These structures can be observed in axial, as well as coronal reconstructions in the figures above. The reconstructed coronal computed tomography images highlight the aspect of the frontal sinus (fig. 6).
Figure 6 - CT image. Native examination
Coronal computed tomography reconstructed images can also highlight the morphology of the maxillar sinuses (fig. 7).
Figure 7 - CT image. Native examination
By observing the imagistic changes, the female patient from whom the computed tomography images were selected, was diagnosed with
chronic sphenoid and facial parasinusitis without detectable brain lesions. In the case of the first female patient, the diagnosis of chronic maxillary and frontal sinusitis was established, observing the changes and analyzing the data obtained by conventional radiography.
Given the high incidence of sinusitis in different age groups, in both sexes, and due to the issues presented in this case study, greater attention should be payed to this pathology. From this point of view, preventively, it is worth presenting information materials regarding this pathology and the consequences of incorrect diagnosis and improperly administered medications in public institutions.
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Received 04.02.2015
А. Ческа, Г. А. Гюрка, И. С. Азизов
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВИЗУАЛЬНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ СИНУСИТОВ
Проведенное исследование имело цель представить теоретические данные о синуситах как сопутствующей патологии при инфекциях верхних дыхательных путей. В статье представлены радиологические изображения, демонстрирующие возможности диагностических методов, используемых при патологии носовых пазух. С этой точки зрения, в статье представлены как изображения, сделанные при компьютерной томографии, так и при использовании метода традиционной рентгенографии придаточных пазух носа. В статье представлены снимки носовых пазух двух пациенток женского пола, которые обратились за специализированной амбулаторной помощью с признаками и симптомами острого инфекционного синусита.
Ключевые слова: синусит, клинический случай, диагностика, визуальные методы
А. Ческа, Г. А. Гюрка, И. С Азизов
СИНУСИТТЕРДЩ ВИЗУАЛДЫ ДИАГНОСТИКАСЫНЫЦ ЕРЕКШЕЛ1КТЕР1
ЖYргiзiлген зерттеудН максаты жоFары тыныс алу жолдарынын инфекциясы кез^де косалкы патология ре™де синуситтар туралы теориялык м^меттер алуды максат етл. Макалада мурын куысы патологиясы кез^де колданылатын диагностикалык эдiстердiн мYмкiндiктерiн керсете™ радиологиялык кер^стер усынылFан. Осы кезкарас турFысынан компьютерлк томография кез^де жасалFан жэне мурын куысын дэстYрлi рентгенографиялау эдiсiн колдану кез^де жасалFан кер^стер усынылады. Макалада етюр инфекциялык синусит белгiлерiмен жэне симптомдарымен арнайы амбулаториялык кемекке жYгiнген ею эйел пациентщ мурын куысынын суреттерi усынылFан.
Клт сездер: синусит, клиникалык жаFдай, диагностика, визуалдык эдiстер
