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ICT IS THE KEY OF MOTIVATION IN TEACHING FL
Munavvar Bahodirovna Fayzullayeva
Faculty of the English language I, Department of the English history and Grammar, Samarkand State Institute of Foreign languages, Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
ABSTRACT
This article highlights the impacts of using ICT devices in education and for teaching and learning the English language. It is visible that 21st century introduced new and modern way of teaching and learning with IC technologies. ICT can effect to change roles of teachers and learners as well as computers which are given as new pedagogical roles to ICTs in education process. This study is devoted to modern ways of teaching and learning foreign languages with ICT. There are given general and basic notification on ICT devices, their types and some information about components of information and communication technologies, and their functions in English lessons and motivational features of IC applications.
Keywords: ICT (Information and Communication Technology), motivation, ESP (English for specific purpose) and EGP (English for general purpose), English as a foreign language (EFL), English as a second language (ESL), three functions of motivation.
В этой статье освещается влияние использования устройств ИКТ в образовании, а также в преподавании и изучении английского языка. Очевидно, что 21 век представил новые и современные способы преподавания и обучения с использованием технологий IC. ИКТ могут повлиять на изменение ролей учителей и учащихся, а также компьютеров, которые отводятся в качестве новых педагогических ролей ИКТ в образовательном процессе. Это исследование посвящено современным способам преподавания и изучения иностранных языков с помощью ИКТ. На уроках английского языка даются общие и базовые уведомления об устройствах ИКТ, их типах и некоторая информация о компонентах информационных и коммуникационных технологий, а также об их функциях и мотивационных особенностях приложений ИС.
Ключевые слова: ИКТ (информационные и коммуникационные технологии), мотивация, ESP (английский для конкретных целей) и EGP
АННОТАЦИЯ
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(английский для общих целей), английский как иностранный (EFL), английский как второй язык (ESL), три функции мотивация.
INTRODUCTION
As it is undoubtedly true that motivation is the key of anything, it is the first step of success and luck. Russian celebrated scientists Frydrochov Klimova and Poulova stated that "Motivation undoubtedly is the key in any learning" [1,14], so that it is vital to motivate and encourage students for learning foreign languages. As it is very difficult to learn languages which have unknown alphabets and letters, as well as pronunciation is unfamiliar for language learners. In this case motivation is one of the useful and important ways for teaching and learning English as a foreign language or as a second. Through IC technologies it is very easy and fruitful to motivate students to teach English. Chuan and Dornyei claim that "motivation is one major key factor in determining the success or failure in foreign language learning" [2,27].
METHODS
It goes without saying that English has become the internationally accepted language of almost all the fields of knowledge. First of all every language teacher should know why students need English and why English is necessary for learners, then it is not so difficult to teach learners if you have enough information about their needs and requirements. There are two ways or courses of learning a language as ESP (English for specific purpose) and EGP (English for general purpose). In order to possess specific jobs people learn language, for example, English for Chemists, English for Educationists, English for Advertisements, English for Media, English for Medicine, etc. Contrarily, EGP learners learn English not for having specific job, they learn language for simple communication or for enjoy and fun. If the teacher is aware of students needs and aims, he/she knows which way is essential for them. After choosing the way, usage of ICTs is helpful aids for learning FL.
Teaching EGP learners is somehow difficult rather than teaching ESP learners. Because ESP learners have their specific aims and needs for learning English even they have planed exactly time and materials for learning language beforehand. However EGP learners are taught every field in English but not so deeply. In this case for teaching EGP learners ICTs are main helpful tools for motivating students to learn language. "Motivation is important considering that the students with high motivation can achieve more learning in the specific foreign language than brighter students with lack of motivation [3,1]. It is visible that the role of motivation is great and important for all learners in order to achieve goal.
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, R VOLUME 1 | ISSUE 9
educational, natural and social sciences ( ) ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor SJIF 2021: 5.423
XXI century is the age of information and communication technologies. ICT is something that is a part of students' life since "young children are surrounded by technology at home, in their community, and increasingly, in early childhood education programs" [4,1]. It is fact that ICTs have been already considered as every day using aids in house works, in offices, in fabrics, in firms, in business organizations, in education, in science and other fields of life. Therefore, "ICT are as natural as breathing" [5, 53].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Many developed countries have invested considerably great deal of investments in the innovative technological tools in order to improve teaching and learning system. Based on this new trend, governments of flourishing countries have already made plans for the improvement of educational process with the help of ICTs and have used in curriculum of all institutions and high schools. However, it is pity that nowadays in some rural areas of Samarkand region old traditions of teaching and structure of lessons are still linger on. These schools have not been able to keep up with the changes in the world, despite the fact that society has undergone incredible changes in a very short time in terms of technology development in this modern age. The students of these schools expressed their unsatisfactory ideas about schools and classes, as "lessons are boring, nothing can motivate us to participate in teaching and learning processes and it is not fun at school, we do not want to attend school". Hence, in order to encourage them to learning there should be used new methods of teaching with the help of ICTs and to bring their interests for classroom they should be motivated with computer technologies. In this case their attitude toward school will be changed in positive way.
It is true that the English language is used all around the world, it is the language of information, communication, business, technology, and sport, therefore, students are taught English as a foreign language from kindergartens, primary and secondary schools in order to find their places in society and to use during entire life time. And it is very important to increase their interests in learning languages with motivation through IC technologies.
Day by day, utilizing from ICTs are getting more and more convenient, there are a lot of and various ways for teachers that can use during lessons as pedagogical tools, as teachers are considered the key player in successful implementation of educational reforms. According to Skolverket "teaching should encourage students into developing an interest in language learning and they should be given the opportunity to develop their skills in relating content to their own experiences and
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interests" [4,32]. It can be done by the help of using ICTs in classroom to encourage them for learning.
It is fact that "ICT use is a complex and slow process" [2,23] therefore it is based on many key factors, for instance, characteristics of users both the teacher and students, context of technology use, and pedagogical philosophies of the country's educational system. According to the developmental history of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) it is true that language teachers have always been pioneer of using innovative teaching tools in their classes. As all teachers should be aware of news and be with modern world in order to get enough information about world's educational news and curriculum, however most of language teachers try to be informed about all. EFL (English as a foreign language) teachers utilize ICT tools in order to prepare materials, activities and handouts in teaching all four main skills as speaking, writing, listening and reading as well as pronunciation, and grammar also. In this case learners can be motivated and they will learn language with enthusiasm. It is fact that using ICTs and computer devices can enhance learners' motivation in foreign and second language learning. It goes without saying that teachers take essential and important role in order to increase learners' motivation to learn foreign languages. As Dornyei points out, "teacher skills in motivating learners should be seen as central to teaching effectiveness" [6,10.] ICTs are helpful tools that students can be motivated and encouraged in lessons. One of the effective activities is presentation in Microsoft Power Point with multimedia application, it will be very interesting and fun for language learners. Power Point presentations are a combination of colored texts, images with animation, sounds and even videos. At the same time whole class may watch presentation on the current topic with the help of projector with the large screen or on the computer screen. Lectures of institutes and universities will be interesting when using Power Point Presentations by teachers and lecturers.
As it has been stated about students should be motivated through ICT tools in order to learn foreign languages. However, there is little attention to the term "motivation" itself. The term of "motivation" is indefinite, but the celebrated scientist Dornyei claimed that "when we say a certain student is 'motivated', most teachers and parents can imagine what we mean - a keen, committed and enthusiastic learners" [6,2]. Here motivation is highlighted as one of the main aspects of human mind. There are three functions of motivation according to Dornyei:
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"Affective function" informs about person's feelings, the second function "conative" states about the desires and wishes of people, and the last function "cognitive" tells about logical thinks of human beings. According to Dornyei there are some theories of motivation in psychology. They are Social motivation theory, the Self-efficacy theory and the Theory of planned behavior. The first motivational theory "Social motivation theory" comes from sociocultural context. The second one is come from the confidence of a person for obtaining goals and achieving success. And the third theory's basic component is attitude features which influence the responses given towards a task [6,10]. Cooperation and working in a group or doing tasks with peers are the most effective and motivational ways of learning foreign or second languages. As Dornyei reckoned that "collaboration between peers is one of the most successful motivational attributes in history of educational research" [6,100]. There are some aspects of usefulness of cooperation in order to increase motivation of students. Working with peers as a group can provide such feelings among students, as unanimity and solidarity, successfulness and supportiveness as well. Cooperative working can reduce students' anxiety and apathy in order to get high success.
CONCLUSION
According to many world's curriculums ICT applications integrate with school subjects, as it is obvious that today the youth are utilizing ICT tools for every field of their life. The curricula also states that students should know to write on the computers, to make any types of presentations with the help of pictures, diagrams and graphs, and should be aware of news and necessary information from the net, and should be given the chance to do their home tasks with the help of modern and new information and computer technologies as well. Teachers should provide and support them to use ICT tools for these causes. Some of teachers try to restrict student's
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usage ICT applications for doing their tasks, but they cannot prevent to use ICTs by young people completely, even they are using for non-learning purposes. As Indian Mahatma Gandi claimed that: "You cannot close the window completely, if you close you may choke, if you open the window there may enter fresh air of course, with dust. In order not to be covered with dust your room, you should put filter". It means that you cannot reject using ICT devices by our young people, we have to explain how and in what purposes they should utilize from new technologies in order to rule them for a direct way.
REFERENCES:
1. Frydrochov Klimova, B., Poulova, P. "ICT as a motivational tool in the learning of foreign languages". From national commitment and initiatives to implementation in the classroom. 2014.
2. Chuan, M., Dornyei, S. "The Use of Motivational Strategies in Language Instruction: The Case of EFL Teaching in Taiwan. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching". 2007.
3. Blagojevic, B., Chevalier, S., Mclsaac, A., Hitchcock, L., Frechette, B. "Young children and computers, storytelling and learning in digital age". 2010.
4. Skolverket "Laroplan for grundskolan, forskolekassen oh fritidshemmet „.: Stockholm. 2011.
5. Dornyei, Z. "Motivational Strategies in the language classroom.".: Cambridge University Press. 2001.
6. Michiels, S.I. and Van Crowder, L. Discovering the "Magic Box": Local appropriation of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Sustainable development Department, 2001.
